Antigone by Sophocles | Summary & Analysis
Summary
TLDRThe script summarizes the plot, characters, symbols, themes, and motifs of Sophocles' Greek tragedy Antigone. It details the conflict between Antigone, who wishes to properly bury her brother Polynices against her uncle King Creon's orders, and Creon, who sentences her to death. Their battle represents devotion to the gods versus obedience to the state. Antigone accepts her tragic fate with courage and conviction, while Creon's arrogance and stubbornness causes him to lose his family.
Takeaways
- π The play begins with Antigone and Ismene discussing the deaths of their brothers in battle
- π Antigone is outraged that Creon has forbidden the burial of her brother Polynices
- π€ Antigone believes the gods' laws are more important than Creon's laws
- π Antigone is caught burying Polynices and brought before Creon, who condemns her to death
- π’ Creon refuses to listen to warnings from Tiresias and others to spare Antigone
- π± Antigone kills herself in her tomb as Creon's son Haemon witnesses in horror
- π Haemon then kills himself in grief over Antigone's death
- π Creon's wife Eurydice also commits suicide upon hearing the news
- π€¦ββοΈ Creon realizes too late that his arrogance and refusal to bend has destroyed his family
- π The play highlights the conflicts between divine law, family devotion, and duty to the state
Q & A
Who are Antigone's two brothers that died fighting each other?
-Antigone's two brothers are Eteocles and Polynices. Eteocles fought for Thebes while Polynices fought for Argos.
What decree does Creon make regarding the brothers?
-Creon decrees that Eteocles will receive an honorable burial while Polynices' body will remain unburied without funeral rites.
Why does Antigone defy Creon's decree?
-Antigone believes Creon's decree is unjust since the gods decree that every mortal must receive proper burial rites. She feels honoring the gods is more important than mortal laws.
What punishment does Antigone face for burying Polynices?
-The punishment for interfering with Creon's law is being publicly stoned to death.
How does Haemon react to his father's punishment of Antigone?
-Haemon, who is engaged to Antigone, tells Creon he disagrees with Antigone's punishment, as do most citizens who view her as a hero and martyr.
How does Tiresias advise Creon regarding Antigone?
-Tiresias warns Creon the gods are furious and advises him to free Antigone before it's too late to avoid tragedy.
What happens when Creon arrives at Antigone's cave?
-When Creon arrives at the cave, he witnesses his son Haemon's suicide after finding Antigone had hanged herself.
How does Eurydice, Creon's wife, react to the news of Haemon's death?
-Hearing the news of Haemon's death, Eurydice returns to the palace and kills herself.
What is the meaning behind the chorus's final ode?
-The chorus sings that obeying the gods and staying humble is key to gaining wisdom, underscoring the theme of hubris leading to tragedy.
How does the family curse affect Antigone's fate?
-Even as Antigone tries taking her fate in her own hands, the chorus says she'll ultimately pay for her father Oedipus' tragic actions.
Outlines
π Plot Summary of Antigone
The paragraph provides a plot summary of Sophocles' play Antigone. It introduces the main characters Antigone, Ismene, Creon, Haemon and outlines the key events - Antigone's determination to bury her brother Polynices against Creon's orders, her imprisonment and eventual death, Haemon's suicide, and Creon's regret.
π Main Characters in Antigone
The paragraph discusses the main characters in Antigone - Antigone as Oedipus's daughter who defies Creon to bury her brother, her sister Ismene who refuses to help, Creon as the stubborn and arrogant new king, his son Haemon who is engaged to Antigone, and the Chorus that comments on the action.
π‘ Main Themes and Symbols in Antigone
The paragraph examines the major themes in Antigone - the conflict between divine law and human law, Antigone's unbending loyalty to the gods and family over civic duty to the state, Creon's refusal to bend leading to tragedy, and the symbolic meaning of birds and burials in the play.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Antigone
π‘Creon
π‘Divine Law vs. Human Law
π‘Burial rites
π‘Hubris
π‘Fate
π‘Tragedy
π‘Moral Integrity
π‘Tiresias
π‘Loyalty
Highlights
Antigone is enraged at Creon's proclamation that Polynices is not to receive a burial or funeral rites.
Antigone claims Creon's law is unjust since the gods decree that every mortal must be given a proper funeral.
Antigone reminds Ismene that their family has suffered enough tragedy.
Guards catch Antigone when she revisits the grave she's prepared for her brother.
Antigone defends her actions by claiming she has honored the gods whose laws are more important than mortal laws.
Haemon tells Creon that he loves him, but disagrees with Antigone's punishment.
Tiresias arrives and warns Creon that he saw in a prophecy that the gods are furious with him.
In the play's climax a messenger arrives and announces that Haemon killed himself after he found Antigone hanging dead.
In the falling action, Creon is miserable finally realizing he's brought all this tragedy on himself.
In the resolution the chorus sings an ode about obeying the gods and staying humble to gain wisdom.
Birds appear symbolically as scavengers, protectors and agents of prophecy.
Antigone's courage is based on her convictions. She stands firm against Creon's edicts and blatant disdain for women.
Antigone seems even more determined when Creon declares he'll never let some woman beat us down.
Creon loses everyone he loves due to his arrogance and hubris.
Unconsumed sacrifices come to represent the rottenness of the city Creon leads by putting himself above the gods.
Transcripts
[Music]
let's review the plot summary of
Sophocles Antigone in the introduction
to Antigone Thebes has been invaded by
Argos during the battle two of Oedipus's
sons died fighting on opposite sides
atiek leaves for thebes and Polynices
for Argos Creon their uncle emerges as
the new leader of Thebes the play opens
with Oedipus's two daughters Antigone
and Ismene II discussing the deaths of
their brothers in the rising action of
the play Antigone is enraged at Crayons
proclamation that Polynices is not to
receive a burial or funeral rites
while Atia Cleese is to be given an
honorable funeral
Creon has also decreed that anyone who
interferes with this law will be
publicly stoned to death and tne claims
that Crayons law is unjust since the
gods decree that every mortal must be
given a proper funeral she tells his
Monnaie that she plans to bury their
brother's body and give him his funeral
rites
even if she's punished his bday refuses
to help fearing Creon's punishment she
reminds Antigone that their family has
suffered enough tragedy Antigone
disagrees claiming not to care if she's
punished she would welcome death in
exchange for standing up for her beliefs
guards catch Antigone when she revisits
the grave she's prepared for her brother
brought before Creon she freely admits
what she's done and welcomes punishment
she defends her actions by claiming she
has honored the gods whose laws are more
important than mortal lungs Creon is
enraged at her defiance and confirms her
death sentence even though she's engaged
to his son
Heymann his many lies to Creon claiming
to be her sister's accomplice Creon
declares that he'll have them both
killed
but Antigone refutes his manase story
Heymann tells Creon that he loves him
but disagrees with Antigone's punishment
as does most of thieves who view
Antigone as a hero and martyr they argue
heated they
heman disowns crayon and warns him that
Antigone's death were result in another
death and take any laments that she'll
never Wed and that she'll die alone
friendless and without help
Creon has her led away to be entombed
alive in a cave the blind prophet
Tiresias arrives and warns Creon that he
saw in a prophecy that the gods are
furious with him he urges Creon to free
Antigone before it's too late
Creon is outraged at Tiresias his advice
accusing him of taking a bribe in
retaliation Teresa tells him now it's
too late
Creon will be punished by having his
sons taken away from him Creon realizes
that tiresias is serious and acts
quickly to do as he advised in the
play's climax a messenger arrives at the
palace and announces that Heymann killed
himself after he found Antigone hanging
from a noose in the cave
Creon had arrived at the cave just in
time to witness his son and he's
inconsolable Crayons wife Eurydice
emerges from the palace to hear the
messengers story then returns to the
palace and silence a distraught Creon
returns carrying Hemans corpse the
messenger emerges from the palace and
informs Creon that Eurydice has killed
herself and the place falling action
Creon is miserable finally realizing
he's brought all this tragedy on himself
in the play's resolution the chorus
sings an ode about the importance of
obeying the gods and staying humble in
order to gain wisdom
[Music]
let's review some of the characters in
Sophocles Antigone Antigone is Oedipus's
daughter and the niece of Creon who is
the new king of Thebes Antigone is also
engaged to Creon son Heymann she defies
Crayons
order that her brother Pauline I seize
his body remain unburied even though the
punishment is death
she believes that honoring the gods is
more important than mortal laws and she
admits that she's prepared to die for
this belief after she's caught burying
her brother she defies Creon who
sentences her to be shut in a cave and
left to die human comes to rescue her
but she has already killed his men a
Antigone sister refuses to help Antigone
bury their brother for fear of the
punishment attached to disobeying
crianza Proclamation
she believes enough tragedy has befallen
their family but when Antigone has
caught burying and giving funeral rites
to Polynices isn't a falsely confesses
to having helped her she does this out
of loyalty and love for her sister
Antigone refuses to let this life stand
as it might offend the gods Creon is
Oedipus's brother Antigone and Ismene
A's uncle and Hemans father he is also
the newly appointed king of Thebes and
he believes that his laws are the
ultimate authority he disagrees with
Antigone's justifications for burying
her brother and his arrogance results in
the deaths of everyone he loves
Heymann son of Creon and Eurydice
Heymann is engaged to marry Antigone
Heymann advises Creon to be lenient with
Antigone since the citizens of Thebes do
not support Creon's decision Heymann
ultimately disowns his father and dies
by his own hand angry and distraught
over Antigone's death the chorus
composed of a group of elderly male
citizens and a leader who speaks for
them the chorus offers narration and
judgments about the characters actions
at first deferential toward the new king
the chorus eventually tries to persuade
him to moderate his harsh rulings and to
heed Tiresias
and fight
let's review the main symbols in
Antigone Tiresias points out the
situational irony to Creon that he has
chosen to bury Antigone alive
underground while he allows her
brother's corpse to remain unburied
above ground
Tiresias highlights the unexpected
juxtaposition in Creon's decision to
flout the law of the Gods which decrees
that bodies are to be given proper
burials and funeral rites
not only does Creon refused to honor the
gods decree but he has also buried a
living person someone whose disobedience
comes from following the God's will so
he is quite wrong when he states that no
person has the power to pollute the gods
on the contrary by insisting on strict
adherence to his laws
Creon brings pollution on Thebes both
literally by allowing a corpse to rot
and metaphorically by incurring the
wrath of the gods who punished not only
Creon but also Thebes as a whole in this
way burials become symbols of the place
central conflict between religious
devotion and civic duty
birds appear in the place symbolically
as fierce scavengers protectors and
agents of prophecy the chorus mentions
that since Polynices body is left in the
open his corpse will be torn apart by
birds the guard also paints a vivid
picture of Antigone as looking like a
bird when she hovers over the corpse of
her brother trying to protect his body
lastly
Tiresias tells a vivid tale about
Crayons future when he hears two birds
fighting one killing the other he
mentions that these are the very same
birds that are feasting on Polynices
corpse let's review the main themes of
Antigone
Creon orders Polynices body to remain
unmarried and without funeral rites
which is a direct disobedience of the
God's will
Creon believes that the only way the
citizens will respect him is if he
upholds the laws he creates Antigone on
the other hand believes that Creon's law
is unjust and she honors the gods by
honoring their law and burying her
brother properly
she claims my honors for the dead must
last much longer than for those up here
meaning that her loyalty is greater to
the gods and her family than to the
ruler of her city-state
Creon ultimately comes to realize that
his law has only served to anger the
gods they punish him with his own son's
death from the beginning it's clear that
Antigone has an unbending devotion to
family and to the gods this devotion
surpasses civic duty to the leader of
her state or his laws her sister is many
illustrates the struggle that arises
when spiritual devotion is set against
loyalty to government Creon the source
of is manase call to civic duty is as
unbending in his adherence to mortal law
as Antigone is in her devotion to the
gods
Creon believes that disobeying his laws
results in a just punishment and this is
his rationale for sentencing Antigone to
death he's blind to familial and divine
devotion in his desire to secure his
people's loyalty to him
[Music]
Antigone's courage is based on her
convictions she stands firm in the face
of her tragic fate and against Creon's
edicts and blatant disdain for women
Antigone's fate reflects the tragic
curse of her father
Oedipus even as the chorus applauds
Antigone for trying to take her fate
into her own hands it understands that
she ultimately will pay for her father's
actions crayons laws mean nothing to
Antigone when they fly in the face of
her devotion to family and to the gods
Creon seems even more determined to
punish Antigone when he declares that
he'll never let some woman beat us down
Antigone who has been called an early
feminist hero scoffs as such statements
fearless in the face of anything she
views as unjust neither Antigone nor
Creon shows flexibility in the play
while Antigone's and flexibility may be
based more on strong convictions than on
stubbornness
Creon stubbornness is hard to deny above
all else he demands to be obeyed even
when he places himself above the gods by
showing some flexibility
Creon might have saved himself and his
family he loses everyone he loves
due to his arrogance and hubris and even
though he hopes that gods have set
things right again
in the end it's too late the wheels of
fate have already been set in motion
let's review the main motifs in Antigone
Tiresias advises Creon that there is
still time to avoid tragedy when
Tiresias cautions Creon that his luck is
once more on fates razor edge this image
suggests a precarious position
if Creon fails to appease the gods and
his actions his delicate balance on
fates razor edge will falter many
characters in Antigone make metaphoric
references to ships and sailing the Seas
Creon introduces the metaphor in Episode
one and he says after much tossing of
our ship of state the gods have safely
set things right again
Creon sees himself as the caretaker and
captain of that ship and though is
reference to the gods hints that he
understands they are the ultimate
overseers his respect for their
authority lessons from this point onward
the chorus also makes many references to
men sailing stormy seas in order to gain
more knowledge and power but they
cautioned that this knowledge is not
always used for good Creon son Heymann
also attempts to use the metaphor of the
ship as state to caution Creon that
sailors who keep their sails stretched
tight never easing off make their ship
capsized sadly Hemans warning comes true
and Creon pays for his arrogant
decisions
because the gods are displeased with
crayons actions regarding the burial of
Polynices and the punishment of Antigone
they refused to accept sacrifices or
prayers from the city of Thebes these
unconsumed sacrifices come to represent
the rottenness of the city that is led
by a man who puts himself above the gods
Antigone risks the displeasure of Creon
and her personal safety to honor the law
of the Gods by burying her brother when
she sees his bare body she casts
handfuls of dirt onto him in this way
the dirt shows her devotion to her
family and a religion above her devotion
to the state that is forbidden has
burial
blindness comes up in both physical and
abstract ways throughout the play
Tiresias is a blind prophet though he
can't see the future with his own eyes
he can foretell it by paying attention
to other signs
Tiresias gives Creon advice that Creon
seems blind to until it's too late
even though Creon can't see with his own
eyes that his decisions are costing him
the trust of his citizens and the love
of his family
Creon symbolic blindness causes him to
seal his tortured and miserable fate
because he will not open his eyes and
time to effect
[Music]
in almost every case the incest of
Oedipus and Jocasta leads to the
destruction of the family tree through
suicide or choice Antigone hangs herself
Eurydice and humans stab themselves and
Polynices and Atia Cleese die fighting
each other
you
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