Kebijakan Gubernur Jendral VOC 1 ( Pieter Both )

Summary

This historical overview explores the policies implemented by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) under its first governor-general, Peter Both, who reigned from 1600 to 1614. It delves into his pivotal role in establishing VOC's commercial stronghold in the East Indies, including securing trade monopolies, combating corruption, and navigating complex political landscapes. Key events include the establishment of Batavia (Jakarta) as a trading hub, the expulsion of Portuguese and Spanish influence in Ternate, and the construction of Fort Nassau. The script also touches on the intricate agreements with local rulers, military conflicts, and the strategic expansion of VOC's influence across the archipelago.

Takeaways

• 😀 Peter Both was the first Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and is known as a pioneer of trade monopolies in the East Indies.
• 🏛️ Both signed a treaty with the Prince of Jakarta, allowing the VOC to purchase land and establish a trading post, which led to Jakarta becoming a bustling port.
• 🛡️ The VOC aimed to create a trade monopoly in the Indonesian archipelago, dealing exclusively with the Dutch government and excluding other nations, particularly the English.
• 💼 Both's mission was to organize the company's needs better and to combat corruption within the VOC's traders.
• 🗺️ The VOC moved its trading activities from Banten to Jakarta due to political issues and the more favorable location of Jakarta.
• 🛍️ In Jakarta, the VOC was allowed to buy and tax goods, with some exceptions for daily necessities and goods bought from Chinese traders.
• 🏰 The construction of Fort Nassau in Jakarta was initially opposed by the local prince but was eventually allowed after negotiations.
• ⚔️ There were conflicts between the VOC and local rulers, including the Portuguese and Spanish in the Maluku Islands, leading to military engagements and the establishment of VOC forts.
• 🤝 The VOC established alliances and contracts with several rulers in Eastern Flores, strengthening their position in the region.
• 📜 Both's governance saw the signing of the 'Baabad' or eternal alliance treaty with the kingdom of Buton, which included various agreements beneficial to the VOC.
• 🌪️ Peter Both's life ended tragically when his ship was wrecked in a storm off the coast of Mauritius, and he drowned.

Q & A

Who was the first Governor-General of the VOC in the East Indies?

The first Governor-General of the VOC in the East Indies was Peter Both.

What was the main purpose of Peter Both's policies as Governor-General of the VOC?

The main purpose of Peter Both's policies was to organize the company's needs better, create a trade monopoly in the East Indies, and overcome corruption within the VOC.

What significant agreement was signed between the VOC and the Pangeran of Jayakarta in November 1610?

The significant agreement signed allowed the Dutch to buy land in Jayakarta, establish a trading post, collect customs on goods, and prohibited Portuguese and Spanish from trading in Jayakarta, among other terms.

Why did the VOC choose Jayakarta over Banten as their central trading hub?

The VOC chose Jayakarta over Banten because of the more favorable location and the ability to buy land for a trading post, despite the heavy taxation imposed by Banten on the Dutch.

What was the Benteng Nassau and why was it significant?

Benteng Nassau was a fortress built by the VOC in Jayakarta, which was significant as it served as a permanent trading post and warehouse, symbolizing the VOC's establishment in the region.

What was the role of Cornelis Matelief de Jonge in the Maluku Islands?

Cornelis Matelief de Jonge was a VOC admiral who helped Sultan Ternate to expel the Spanish from Ternate, and in return, the VOC was granted a monopoly over the spice trade and permission to build a fortress in Ternate.

What was the outcome of the conflict between the VOC and the people of Tidore?

The conflict resulted in the VOC successfully capturing Fort Maria Keco in Tidore, which was then renamed Fort Hollandia, further solidifying the VOC's control in the Maluku Islands.

What was the significance of the VOC's expedition to Banjarmasin in 1607?

The expedition to Banjarmasin was significant as it marked the beginning of Dutch interest in the region and led to the establishment of the first VOC trading post in Jepara after a series of conflicts and negotiations.

What was the content of the 'Perjanjian Bahana' or 'Treaty of Alliance' signed between the VOC and the Kingdom of Buton?

The 'Perjanjian Bahana' included provisions such as the VOC's protection of Buton, the establishment of fixed prices for trade goods, the right for Dutch to marry and live in Buton, and mutual support in military endeavors against common enemies.

What was the fate of Peter Both after his term as Governor-General of the VOC?

Peter Both's fate was tragic; he drowned in a shipwreck on March 6, 1615, while returning from Banten on the ship Banda.