What is Public Speaking? | Factors of Public Speaking

Summary

This educational video script introduces the art of public speaking, tracing its origins to ancient Athens and highlighting its evolution through time. It defines public speaking as a powerful communication tool that influences thought and action. The script emphasizes the importance of having a clear goal, engaging an audience, and delivering a message with a specific purpose. It also explores Aristotle's three pillars of effective public speaking: ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical reasoning), providing examples to illustrate their application. The lesson concludes with practical exercises to reinforce the concepts.

Takeaways

• 📚 Public speaking is an essential skill that has been part of human experience for thousands of years, originating in Athens, Greece, and still relevant today.
• 🎤 The art of public speaking involves conveying a message to an audience with the aim of influencing their thoughts and actions.
• 👤 A successful public speaker must have a clear goal or reason for speaking, which helps in delivering a focused and impactful message.
• 👥 Public speaking includes an audience who listens, understands, and reacts to the speaker's message, which can now be virtual due to technological advancements.
• 📢 The message of a public speech should be clear, direct, and serve a specific purpose, effectively answering the question of what the speech is about.
• 🏛 Aristotle identified three key factors for effective public speaking: ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical argument).
• 🔍 Ethos is established by the speaker's credibility and trustworthiness, which can be enhanced by citing specific and relevant sources.
• ❤️ Pathos involves creating an emotional connection with the audience, which can be achieved by using words that evoke feelings and empathy.
• 💡 Logos is the use of logic and evidence to support the speaker's message, making it appear knowledgeable and factual.
• 📈 Facts and statistics are crucial for logos, as they provide concrete evidence that strengthens the speaker's argument and credibility.
• 🎭 Effective public speaking requires the right balance of ethos, pathos, and logos to engage the audience and achieve the intended purpose of the speech.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of the video script?

The main purpose of the video script is to teach students about public speaking, its history, definition, and the factors that contribute to effective communication.

When and where did public speaking originate?

Public speaking originated in Athens, Greece, about 2500 years ago, where people would gather to debate various topics such as war, economics, and politics.

Who were some of the popular public speakers in ancient Greece?

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were some of the popular public speakers during that time in ancient Greece.

What is the definition of public speaking according to O'Hare and Wymam?

According to O'Hare and Wymam, public speaking is a powerful communication where the ideas or messages conveyed can influence the way people think and move.

What are the three factors of effective public speaking according to Aristotle?

The three factors of effective public speaking according to Aristotle are ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logic).

What is ethos and why is it important in public speaking?

Ethos, or credibility, is the trust of the audience in the speaker. It is important because it must be established from the start of the talk to ensure the audience accepts what the speaker says.

How does pathos relate to the speaker's emotional connection with the audience?

Pathos is the appeal to the audience's emotions and is used to create an emotional connection with them, which can influence their thoughts and actions.

What is logos and how does it contribute to the effectiveness of a speech?

Logos is the use of logic and evidence to support the speaker's message. It contributes to the effectiveness of a speech by making it factual and intellectually persuasive.

Why is public speaking considered a useful skill in the 21st century?

Public speaking is considered a useful skill in the 21st century because it is needed for success in various fields and can help individuals secure their dream jobs.

What is the significance of using specific sources or experts when establishing ethos in a speech?

Using specific sources or experts when establishing ethos adds credibility to the speaker's message, making it more trustworthy and persuasive to the audience.

How can a speaker effectively use pathos in their speech?

A speaker can effectively use pathos by choosing words that activate the emotions of the listeners, creating a strong emotional connection that can influence their thoughts and actions.

What are some examples of how a speaker can use logos to support their message?

Examples of using logos include presenting statistics, facts, and evidence to support the message, which makes the speech more logical and convincing.

How can a speaker determine the best way to show ethos, pathos, and logos in different speech situations?

A speaker can determine the best way to show ethos, pathos, and logos by considering the audience, the topic, and the purpose of the speech, and then tailoring their approach to effectively communicate with the audience.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Public Speaking

The first paragraph introduces the topic of public speaking in an educational setting, specifically for a Grade 10 English class. It highlights the importance of public speaking as both a nerve-wracking and fulfilling experience. The script delves into the history of public speaking, tracing its roots back to ancient Athens and mentioning famous speakers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It also touches on the practice of 'karagatan' in the Philippines and political debates during the American period. The paragraph emphasizes the relevance of public speaking in securing dream jobs and achieving success, and it outlines the definition of public speaking, including the speaker's purpose, the audience's role, and the message's intent to influence thoughts and actions.

05:05

🎓 Understanding Public Speaking's Pillars

The second paragraph focuses on the factors that contribute to effective public speaking, as outlined by Aristotle: ethos, pathos, and logos. Ethos refers to the credibility of the speaker, which is crucial for the audience's acceptance of the message. Pathos is the appeal to the audience's emotions, which helps in creating an emotional connection and influencing them. Logos involves the use of logic and evidence to support the speaker's message, thereby enhancing ethos through the presentation of knowledge. The paragraph provides examples to illustrate these concepts, such as comparing the credibility of two speakers discussing heart health and contrasting the emotional impact of speeches about community leadership.

10:06

🗣️ Applying Public Speaking Techniques

The final paragraph discusses the application of the public speaking factors in various contexts. It provides scenarios to help students understand how to effectively use ethos, pathos, and logos in their speeches. For instance, it contrasts two approaches to demonstrating ethos in a school club speech and two methods of evoking pathos in a graduation speech. The paragraph concludes with a summary of the key components of public speaking: the speaker, the audience, and the message, along with the three factors for effectiveness. It also reminds students to complete the accompanying worksheet as homework, reinforcing the lesson's practical application.

Keywords

💡Public Speaking

Public speaking is the act of addressing an audience, typically on a specific topic, in a formal setting. It is a skill that involves communication with the intent to influence, inform, or entertain. In the video, public speaking is the central theme, with historical context provided, such as its origins in Athens, Greece, and the importance of this skill in modern times for career success.

💡Efficacy

Efficacy refers to the power to produce a desired effect or the ability to achieve a goal. In the context of the video, efficacy in public speaking is about effectively conveying the speaker's message to the audience, ensuring that the speech has the intended impact.

💡Ethos

Ethos, derived from the Greek word for 'character,' is a concept in rhetoric that refers to the credibility and trustworthiness of the speaker. In the script, ethos is discussed as an essential factor in public speaking, where the speaker must establish credibility from the start to ensure the audience accepts their message.

💡Pathos

Pathos is a rhetorical device that appeals to the audience's emotions. It is one of Aristotle's three modes of persuasion. In the video, pathos is highlighted as a means to connect emotionally with the audience, using words and expressions that evoke feelings and persuade through emotional resonance.

💡Logos

Logos is the appeal to logic and reason, also one of Aristotle's rhetorical modes. It involves the use of evidence and logical reasoning to support the speaker's argument. In the script, logos is exemplified by the use of statistics and facts to make a speech more convincing.

💡Aristotle

Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher who is considered one of the first public speakers in Greece. He is known for explaining the pillars of public speaking, which are ethos, pathos, and logos. The video references Aristotle's influence on the art of public speaking and his contribution to the understanding of persuasion.

💡Audience

The audience is the group of people who listen to the speaker's message. In public speaking, the audience's attention and reaction are crucial for the speech's success. The video emphasizes the importance of considering the audience when crafting a message and establishing ethos, pathos, and logos.

💡Message

The message is the central idea or point that the speaker intends to convey to the audience. It should be clear, direct, and serve a specific purpose. The script discusses the importance of having a well-defined message in public speaking and how it is influenced by the factors of ethos, pathos, and logos.

💡Communication

Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, or feelings. In the context of the video, effective communication in public speaking is about delivering the message in a way that influences the audience's thoughts and actions, as defined by O'Hare and Wymam.

💡Influence

Influence is the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something. The video script mentions that the power of public speaking lies in its ability to influence the way people think and act, which is achieved through effective use of ethos, pathos, and logos.

💡Rhetoric

Rhetoric is the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, often using various figures of speech and rhetorical devices. The video touches on the principles of rhetoric, particularly the concepts of ethos, pathos, and logos, which are central to crafting persuasive public speeches.

Highlights

Introduction to the concept of public speaking and its importance in today's society.

Historical background of public speaking, starting in Athens, Greece 2500 years ago.

Influence of famous philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle on the development of public speaking.

Cultural insights into ancient Filipino public speaking practices, such as 'karagatan'.

Evolution of public speaking in the Philippines during the American period with 'balaknasan'.

The significance of public speaking as a skill for success and securing dream jobs in the 21st century.

Definition of public speaking according to O'Hare and Wymam, emphasizing its power to influence thoughts and actions.

The role of the speaker in public speaking, highlighting the need for a clear goal and purpose.

Importance of the audience in public speaking and how technology has enabled virtual audiences.

The necessity of a clear and direct message in public speaking to achieve a specific purpose.

Interactive quiz to test understanding of the key elements of public speaking.

Explanation of Aristotle's pillars of public speaking: ethos, pathos, and logos.

The concept of ethos and its impact on establishing credibility and trust with the audience.

Pathos as a tool for emotional connection and persuasion in public speaking.

Logos and its role in using logic and evidence to support messages in public speaking.

Practical examples of how to apply ethos, pathos, and logos effectively in different public speaking scenarios.

Exercises for students to practice applying the factors of public speaking in various situations.

Conclusion summarizing the key factors of effective public speaking: ethos, pathos, and logos.

Transcripts

hello and welcome to our school at home

class

in english grade 10. we are in the first

quarter of our set of lessons

and i hope everybody will delight in

learning today

with lesson number 15 factors of

public speaking

surely you have experience talking in

front of people

like in your class activity or family

gatherings

how was the experience

experience must be nerve wracking but

somehow fulfilling

when we get across the message to the

people listening to us

speaking in front of a number of people

if not always

has become part of our experience and

unknowingly for some

they have engaged themselves to public

speaking

in this lesson we are going to learn

about

what public speaking is and its factors

that we need to consider

helping us to bring our message across

to a much

bigger audience with efficacy and

excellence

[Music]

when did public speaking start

public speaking is an ancient art

it started in athens greece 2500 years

ago

where people met in groups to debate

about different topics like

war economics and politics

popular public speakers during that time

were socrates

plato and aristotel

in the philippines ancient filipinos

performed karagatan

or sea a lament poem when their loved

ones passed away

during the american period political

meetings were publicly done in plazas

for balaknasan a monologue debate with a

mixture of poetic verses

is also practiced in the 21st century

public speaking has become more useful

and one of the skills needed

to be successful and get your dream job

[Music]

now that we know how public speaking

started let us know more about it

through the definitions we have in this

lesson

according to o'hare and wyman public

speaking

is a powerful communication

the ideas or messages you convey to

people

can influence the way they think and

move

therefore public speaking becomes

[Music]

powerful

number two it includes the speaker who

has a reason for speaking

when you do public speaking you should

have a clear goal

as a speaker you should answer the

question why should i deliver this

message

[Music]

the third one is it includes an audience

that gives the speaker attention

public speaking includes the public or

the audience

they are the people who listen

understand and react from your message

with the use of technology audience can

be virtual too

normally they are present face to face

[Music]

number four public speaking includes a

message

that is meant to accomplish a specific

purpose

your message should be clear and direct

as a public speaker you must answer the

question

what is my message all about

[Music]

do you still remember the important

points in public speaking from the given

definition

let's see if you can answer the

following question

here is the first question it is where

the power of public speaking lies

that influences the way people think and

move

is it letter a communication or b

message

[Music]

the correct answer for this question is

b

message

here is question number two

it should be the goal of every speaker

when they do public speaking

is it letter a reason for speaking

or b listen understand

and react to the message

the correct answer to this question is

letter a reason for speaking

here is the third question

since public speaking includes a crowd

or an audience

the message should be

is it a clear and direct

or b should be virtual

the correct answer is letter a

clear and direct

now that public speaking has been

defined

we will learn its factors affecting the

speaker's efficacy

and effectiveness of delivering speech

to the audience

historically aristotel is one of the

first public speakers in greece

who explained the pillars of public

speaking

or simply the important factors of

public speaking and persuasion which

still being used until now

what are the factors of public speaking

according to aristotle these factors are

ethos papos and logos

ethos or credibility is the trust of the

audience to the speaker

ethos is the greek word for the

character in ethics

it must be established from the start of

your talk

or the audience will not accept what you

say

let's listen to these two speakers

discussing about the topic

how to be healthy speaker a

according to a health expert their heart

beats about

115 000 times each day

speaker b according to dr

john hopkins of the university of health

sciences

your heart reads about 115

000 times each day

what can you say about the ethos or the

credibility of the information

shared by the speakers in these speech

exerts

we can see that speaker a has a weaker

ethos or

credibility as decoding the source of

the information

coding and important detail of a speech

from an unknown source

will weaken the credibility of the

speaker's message

the speaker coded a source but it is not

specific

it codes a health expert as the source

which is vague although the source is

related to health

the profession of the source is more of

advertising

to establish ethos or credibility it is

better to quote a specific

expert in the field or topic you are

discussing

just like speaker b which coded dr john

hopkins of the university of health and

sciences

making the speech trustworthy since

it is coding a direct profession to the

details

[Music]

purpose or emotion is related to the

speaker's empathy

to the audience pathos is

the greek word to persuade by appealing

to the audience emotion

it is needed to emotionally connect with

them to influence them

here is a speech except about choosing

right leaders

which speaker shows pathos or emotion in

the speech

listen carefully good morning ladies and

gentlemen

are you disappointed with the policies

of our community

are you impatient for the changes

until when the hopes of the future begin

with us speaker b

good morning ladies and gentlemen our

community has a problem

to solve today i will talk about the

possible solutions to solve those

problems

nobody will solve this but us

to establish pathos or emotion in your

speech

it is advisable to start with letter a

speaker a uses words directly about

negative feelings like disappointed

impatient and hope on the other hand

speaker b has less words to connect

emotionally

to connect with the audience you need to

use words

which activate the emotion of the

listeners

logos or logic

it is the use of logic by relying on the

object's intelligence

and giving evidence in support of your

messages

logos also develops ethos because the

information makes you look knowledgeable

for example on the topic why is english

important

which speaker has the better way to show

logos

image and in the speech listen

carefully speaker a

many people use english and many

purposes in places

everybody speaks english around the

world

it is important in businesses and

schools

according to international language

association

many students and businessmen use

english to communicate for their daily

lives and jobs speaker b

international language association says

that

out of 7.5 billion population in the

world

1.5 billion speak english it is about

20 of the earth's population

moreover english is used both in schools

and businesses

therefore it becomes an important

language

of the modern world

[Music]

speaker b has a better way of showing

logos

statistics and facts are truth based on

evidence

b uses statistics like 1.5 billion

and 20 which makes it factual

the arrangement of ideas should also be

well organized

knowing the important factors in public

speaking

let us see how well you can apply these

factors effectively

in public speaking find the right action

for each

situation presented in each item let's

begin

number one if you are given a task to

give a speech to share

experiences in the school club and the

audience or parents and teachers

what is the better way to show ethos in

your speech

is it letter a stand in front and move

your hands

freely while talking walk around the

podium if needed

for letter b stand in front and put your

hands in your pocket while talking

avoid other movements

the answer is a hand movements and body

movements

are important to establish ethos in

public speaking

in a it shows confidence as to share

your experiences

number two if a speech topic

is given to you about graduation speech

and the audience will be the students

parents

teachers and guests what is the better

way to show

baffles in your speech is it letter a

we are now gathered to celebrate our

success

we thank our teachers and parents for

all their support

as we graduate today this is one of the

best days of our lives

for letter b we are gathered to

celebrate the sweet

and fresh success we really thank our

supportive

kind and hard-working teachers and

parents

as we graduate on this most awaited day

of our four-year stay

in high school

[Music]

the answer is b

using the scripted words that connects

to the senses of the audience

like sweet fresh supportive kind

heartbreaking most awaited and four

years

show higher pathos or emotional

connection

using plain words without specific

description

gives boring impressions

to wrap everything up that we talked

about in this lesson

let us remember that public speaking is

a powerful communication

that includes a speaker audience and a

message

it has three factors to be effective

which are ethos pathos and logos

ethos is the is about the credibility

and trustworthiness of the speaker

pathos is about emotional connection to

the audience logos is about

the organization or logical connection

of the ideas in the speech

it also includes the use of facts and

statistics to make the speech factual

after viewing and listening to this

video lesson

do not forget to do these exercises as

your home school work for today

worksheet number 15 english 10

first quarter goodbye and see you

in the next lesson