Saffron takeover of India’s education system | Modi report card, Ep 4
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses the Modi government's impact on education in India, highlighting the 2014 BJP manifesto's promise to prioritize education. It critiques the government's curriculum changes, such as the removal of certain historical chapters and scientific theories, and the introduction of religious texts. The script also examines budget allocations, showing a discrepancy between promises and actual spending. It notes slight improvements in enrollment but expresses concern over declining learning outcomes. The National Education Policy 2020 is mentioned, with its structural changes and foreign university partnerships, alongside criticisms regarding privatization and a lack of focus on caste-based reservations.
Takeaways
- 📚 The 2014 BJP Manifesto emphasized education as a powerful tool for national advancement, leading to changes in the textbook curriculum.
- 🗑️ The NCRT in April 2023 announced the erasure of certain chapters related to the Mughal Empire from class 12 history textbooks and removal of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution from class 9 and 10 science textbooks.
- 📖 Gujarat assembly passed a resolution to start teaching the Bhagat Gita in schools, reflecting the influence of cultural and religious ideologies on education.
- 🔍 An example of questionable historical content was the claim in a class 8 textbook that VD Savarkar could fly out of prison on the wings of a bullbull bird, which has since been removed.
- 💰 The Modi government's allocation to education averaged only 0.44% of the annual GDP between 2014 to 2024, lower than the Congress's 0.61% between 2004 and 2014.
- 📈 Despite lower spending, there was a slight increase in school enrollment and gross enrollment ratio in higher education, according to the ASER report and the All India Survey of Higher Education.
- 👧 Enrollment of girls aged 11 to 14 in schools has significantly improved, with the percentage of girls not enrolled dropping from 10.3% in 2006 to 2% in 2022.
- 📉 Learning outcomes have not been encouraging, with a decline in the ability of rural grade 3 and grade 5 students to read materials at their grade level between 2018 and 2022.
- 🏫 High dropout rates were observed among students from marginalized backgrounds, particularly from SC/ST communities, in IITs, NITs, and other centrally funded technical institutions.
- 📝 The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced a new 5+3+3+4 structure for education and allowed foreign universities to establish campuses in India, but faced criticism for encouraging privatization and lack of focus on caste and reservation provisions.
- 🌐 The COVID-19 pandemic exposed India's digital divide in education, highlighting the unfulfilled promise of the BJP's 2014 manifesto to address this issue.
Q & A
What did the 2014 BJP Manifesto state about education?
-The 2014 BJP Manifesto stated that education is the most powerful tool for the advancement of the nation and that the government would use this tool to change the textbook curriculum.
What changes did the NCRT announce in April 2023 regarding history textbooks?
-In April 2023, the NCRT announced that it would erase certain chapters related to the Mughal Empire from class 12 history textbooks.
Why was Charles Darwin's theory of evolution removed from science textbooks?
-A BJP leader claimed that Darwin's theory of evolution was scientifically incorrect and should not be taught in schools, leading to its removal from class 9 and class 10 science textbooks.
What resolution did the Gujarat assembly pass regarding the teaching of the Bhagat Gita in schools?
-The Gujarat assembly passed a resolution to start teaching the Bhagat Gita in schools.
What was the claim made in the Class 8 Canada textbook about VD Savarkar?
-The Class 8 Canada textbook claimed that VD Savarkar, while jailed in the Andaman Cellular Jail, used to fly out of prison and return on the wings of a bullbull bird.
How has the Modi government's budget allocation to education compared to the Congress?
-Between 2014 to 2024, the BJP allocated an average of 0.44% of the annual GDP to education, which was less than the Congress's allocation of 0.61% between 2004 and 2014.
What has been the trend in school enrollment according to the ASER report?
-According to the ASER report, there has been a slight increase in school enrollment, from 96.7% in 2014 to 97.2% in 2018 and 98.4% in 2022.
What was the gross enrollment ratio in higher education according to the All India Survey of Higher Education 2019-2020?
-The gross enrollment ratio in higher education went up from 26.3% in 2018-19 to 27.1% in 2019-20.
What was the learning outcome for grade three children in rural India in 2018 and 2022?
-In 2018, only 27.2% of grade three children in rural India were able to read grade two level material, which increased to 40.5% in 2022.
What was the situation regarding dropouts from IITs, NITs, and other centrally funded technical institutions between 2016 and 2020?
-Between 2016 and 2020, 60% of dropout students from IITs, NITs, and other centrally funded technical institutions belonged to the SC/ST communities.
What is the National Education Policy 2020 and what are some of its main recommendations?
-The National Education Policy 2020 is a framework for both school and higher education across the country. It recommends changing the current 10+2 structure to a 5+3+3+4 structure and includes children from ages 3 to 5 within the formal education system. It also allows foreign universities to set up their campuses in India.
What are some criticisms of the National Education Policy 2020?
-Critics argue that the NEP encourages privatization of public institutions, has too many exit options leading to large scale dropouts, focuses on vocational education over meaningful education, and does not mention caste and reservation provisions. The biggest criticism is over the union government controlling education, which many regional political parties oppose.
Outlines
📚 Education Reforms and Controversies
The script discusses the 2014 BJP manifesto's emphasis on education as a key tool for national advancement. It highlights the Modi government's changes to the educational curriculum, including the removal of certain historical chapters and scientific theories, such as Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. The script also mentions the introduction of religious texts like the Bhagavad Gita in schools and the controversial claims about historical figures. The government's budget allocations for education are criticized for falling short of the promised 6% of GDP, with an average of only 0.44% allocated between 2014 and 2024. However, there are positive notes on increased school enrollment and higher education gross enrollment ratios. The learning outcomes, though, show a decline in reading abilities among rural students. The script raises questions about the government's approach to education, including the 'saffronisation' of the curriculum and the impact on learning.
📉 Challenges in Educational Outcomes and Policy
This paragraph delves into the challenges faced by the Modi government in the education sector, particularly the high dropout rates among students from marginalized communities in higher education institutions like IITs and NITs. It also addresses the government's introduction of common entrance tests for central university admissions and the digital divide exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which contradicts the BJP's promise to bridge the gap in the education system. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is introduced as a significant reform, proposing a new educational structure and allowing foreign universities to operate in India. However, the NEP has been met with criticism, especially from Southern States, for promoting privatization, potentially leading to dropouts, focusing on vocational education over comprehensive learning, and not addressing caste and reservation provisions. The paragraph concludes with a critique of the centralization of education control by the union government, which has sparked demands for state autonomy in educational matters.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡BGP Manifesto
💡NCRTL
💡Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution
💡Saffronisation
💡Bhagavad Gita
💡Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER)
💡Learning Outcomes
💡Dropout Rate
💡National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
💡Privatization
💡Reservation Provisions
Highlights
The 2014 BJP Manifesto emphasized education as a powerful tool for national advancement.
Government initiated changes in the textbook curriculum, including the removal of certain historical chapters and scientific theories.
NCRT announced the erasure of chapters related to the Mughal Empire from class 12 history textbooks in April 2023.
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was removed from class 9 and 10 science textbooks.
A BJP leader claimed Darwin's theory was scientifically incorrect and should not be taught in schools.
Gujarat assembly passed a resolution to start teaching the Bhagavad Gita in schools.
A claim about VD Savarkar flying out of prison, which was later removed from class 8 textbooks, highlights questionable content.
The term 'saffronisation of education' is used to describe changes in the education system under the BJP.
BJP's public spending on education averaged only 0.44% of India's GDP between 2014 to 2024, lower than Congress's 0.61%.
School enrollment increased slightly from 96.7% in 2014 to 98.4% in 2022 according to the ASER report.
Gross enrollment ratio in higher education rose from 26.3% in 2019 to 27.1% in 2020.
Enrollment of girls aged 11 to 14 in schools improved significantly between 2006 and 2022.
Learning outcomes are not encouraging despite higher enrollment, with many students unable to read at grade level.
High dropout rates among SC/ST students in IITs, NITs, and other centrally funded technical institutions.
Government reported over 9,500 students from marginalized backgrounds dropped out of central universities from 2018 to 2023.
Introduction of common entrance tests for undergraduate and master's admissions in central universities.
COVID-19 pandemic exposed India's digital divide in education, contradicting BJP's 2014 promise to fix it.
National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) proposed changes to the 10+2 structure and allowed foreign universities in India.
NEP faced criticism for encouraging privatization, having too many exit options, focusing on vocational education, and lack of mention on caste and reservation provisions.
Critics argue that education should be under state government control due to regional differences in language, culture, and history.
News Laundry encourages viewers to subscribe for informed journalism and to make an informed decision during elections.
Transcripts
the 2014 bgp Manifesto said education is
the most powerful tool for the
advancement of the nation and true to
its words this government has used this
powerful tool and started to change
textbook
curriculum what happened next was not
history it was an eraser of
History
narra
[Music]
Modi in April 2023 the ncrt announced
that it would erase certain chapters
with regard to the mul Empire from the
class 12 history textbooks ncrt also
removed Charles Darin's theory of
evolution from class 9 and Class 10
science textbooks much before this a
certain BJP leader even claimed that
Darin's theory was scientifically
Incorrect and should not be taught in
schools
now having said that did you guys hear
about the Gujarat assembly's resolution
to start teaching the bhagat Gita in
schools the next one is my personal
favorite did you know that when VD saaka
was jailed in the Andaman Cula jail he
used to fly out of prison and return on
the wings of a bullbull
bird well that's what the Class 8 Canada
textbook claimed at one point I'm saying
one point because it has been removed
saffronisation of education is real and
this isn't something that the BJP is shy
about but what has the Modi government
done about education what are the
positive changes and how much has the
Modi government spent so in this episode
of our modi's report card series I look
at education so now to the budget but
before that
hello people my name is Kora Abraham and
this is the fourth episode of our Modi
report card series before this we talked
about unemployment inflation and hate
speech so if you like our work and want
us to talk about your issues become a
paid subscriber of the news minute and
support our work in 2014 the BJP said
that they will increase public spending
on education to 6% of India's GDP moved
to 2019 the BJP Manifesto was quiet on
this issue and the reality between 2014
to 2024 the BJP allocated only an
average of
0.44% of the annual GDP to education in
fact this was worse than that of the
Congress the Congress allocated just
0.61% between 2004 and
2014 however there is some good news too
according to the ascr report or the
annual status of Education report there
has been a slight increase in school
enrollment it was
96.7% in 2014 it went up to
97.2% in 2018 and
98.4% in 2022 as per the all India
survey of higher education 2019 2020 the
gross enrollment ratio in higher
education went up from
26.3% in
201819 to
27.1% in in 1920 now as far as girls
between ages of 11 and 14 goes
enrollment in schools has seen
aise the percentage of girls not
enrolled in schools was
10.3% in 2006 it came down to 2
percentage in 2022 in anen vades the
number of children enrolled has gone up
between 2018 and
2022 for example
28.8% children Age 3 years old when not
enrolled in ananad in
2018 this number came down to
21.7% in
2022 so while there is good news that
children are going to schools the
learning outcomes are not so
encouraging as found in 2018 that only
27.2% of grade three children in rural
India were able to read grade two level
material this number increased to 20
.5% in 2022 the situation was more or
less the same for grade five students of
rural India as well in 2018
44.2% of grade 5 students could read
grade 2 level material while in 2022 the
number dropped to
38.5% so higher enrollment in schools in
the last 10 years but lesser learning
outcomes so how else did the Modi
government fair in education between
2016 and 2020 60% of Dropout students
from iits nits and from other centrally
funded technical institutions belonged
to the scst communities and 63% of
undergraduate dropouts at the top seven
iits in the last 5 years were from the
reserved categories out of this 40%
being from the scst communities the
government said that from 2018 to 20 23
over 9,500 students from marginalized
background dropped out of central
universities out of this
2,622 students belong to the scheduled
tribe category
2,424 scheduled cast students and
4,596 from other backward classes the
government also brought in a lot of
common entrance tests be it for
undergrad or Masters admissions for any
Central University there are many tests
right now such as the the cued and the
neat okay now do you remember these
images and
videos these stories are from the
covid-19 pandemic which exposed India's
digital divide in their 2014 Manifesto
the bgp had also promise to fix the
digital divide in the education system
but the pandemic time showed us how
hollow this claim was to be fair the
state governments are also to be blamed
for it now let's move on to the Modi
government's big matter of Pride the
National Education policy
2020 what is it the NEP is a framework
for both school and higher education
across the country the framework which
was made by former ISRO Chief casturi
rangen recommended changing the current
10+2 structure with a 5 + 3+ 3+ 4
structure which also also brings
children from ages 3 to 5 within the
formal education system under the NEP
the Modi government has also allowed
foreign universities to set up their
campuses in India but the NEP has faced
severe push back especially from
Southern States so what do these
critiques say the NEP encourages
privatization of public institutions it
has way too many exit options which
would lead to large scale dropouts it
focuses on vocational education and not
meaningful ucation and NEP also does not
mention cast and reservation Provisions
but the biggest criticism is over the
union government controlling education
so many regional political parties have
been demanding that education should be
a state government's domain as States
differ in language culture and history
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episode on the modi's report card series
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