Creating Your Own Linux Distribution

Summary

En este video, el presentador ofrece una sesión en vivo donde construye un entorno personalizado para Linux, enfocándose en Arch Linux, una distribución ideal para aprender sobre Linux. Se discuten temas como la personalización de la distribución, la instalación de paquetes básicos y la configuración de un sistema sin entorno de escritorio completo para evitar el exceso de 'bloat'. El objetivo es crear una experiencia de aprendizaje y personalización, con scripts que automatizan gran parte del proceso, permitiendo a los espectadores construir su propia versión de Arch Linux.

Takeaways

• 😀 El stream en vivo trata sobre construir un entorno personalizado de Linux.
• 🔧 Se menciona que Gen 2 es la distribución utilizada por Chrome OS, muy personalizada.
• 📚 El presentador sugiere que solo existen tres distribuciones principales: Debian, Arch y las basadas en Red Hat como Fedora.
• ⚙️ Arch Linux es destacado como una gran opción para aprender sobre Linux.
• 🛠️ Se habla de un proyecto llamado Archmatic, creado para automatizar la instalación y configuración de Arch Linux.
• 🔄 El proceso de instalación se divide en partes para facilitar la depuración y el aprendizaje.
• 💻 Se enfatiza la importancia de no utilizar entornos de escritorio y evitar el exceso de paquetes innecesarios.
• 🔗 Se menciona la necesidad de instalar paquetes básicos como git, curl y wget para obtener scripts.
• 🔄 Durante el stream, se muestra cómo se puede fallar y cómo solucionar problemas en vivo, lo cual es instructivo para el espectador.
• 🖥️ El objetivo final es tener una instalación de Linux personalizada y minimalista, con solo los paquetes necesarios.
• 🔧 Se utiliza el Awesome Window Manager en lugar de un entorno de escritorio completo, para mantener la instalación ligera.

Q & A

¿Qué se discute en el directo en vivo mencionado en el guion?

Se discute la creación de un entorno personalizado para Linux, enfocándose en la instalación y configuración de Arch Linux como un sistema básico y sin rastro de desperdicio.

¿Por qué el presentador considera que solo existen tres distribuciones principales de Linux?

El presentador opina que las tres distribuciones principales son Debian, Arch y las basadas en Red Hat, como Fedora, porque estas son las ramas principales y las demás son simplemente personalizaciones o derivadas de ellas.

¿Qué proyecto llamado Archmatic se menciona en el guion y para qué sirve?

Archmatic es un proyecto personalizado creado por el presentador, que busca automatizar el proceso de instalación y configuración de Arch Linux, facilitando así la creación de un sistema personalizado.

¿Cuál es el propósito de no utilizar un entorno de escritorio en la instalación descrita en el guion?

El propósito es evitar el exceso de 'rastro de desperdicio', es decir, instalar solo los paquetes necesarios y evitar la sobrecarga de software innecesario.

¿Qué significa 'bloat' en el contexto del guion y por qué se busca evitarlo?

El término 'bloat' se refiere a la acumulación de software no necesario o de más que puede ralentizar el sistema. Se busca evitarlo para mantener un sistema ligero y eficiente.

¿Qué es systemd-boot y cómo se relaciona con la instalación de Arch Linux descrita en el guion?

systemd-boot es un gestor de arranque que utiliza systemd para manejar el inicio del sistema. En el guion, se menciona que es más fácil de configurar que GRUB si todo está configurado correctamente.

¿Qué es el 'UUID' y por qué es importante al crear una entrada de arranque en el guion?

El UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) es un identificador único para el disco o partición. Es importante al crear una entrada de arranque para que el sistema pueda identificar y cargar correctamente la partición con el sistema operativo.

¿Qué es Awesome Window Manager y cómo se utiliza en el guion?

Awesome Window Manager es un administrador de ventanas ligero y personalizable para entornos de escritorio de Linux. En el guion, se instala y se configura para crear un escritorio personalizado.

¿Por qué el presentador decide no empaquetar el proyecto en un ISO?

El presentador opta por no empaquetar el proyecto en un ISO porque quiere que los espectadores aprendan los pasos y puedan personalizar el script según sus necesidades, en lugar de simplemente descargar e instalar un archivo ISO listo.

¿Qué es 'neofetch' y cómo se utiliza en el guion?

Neofetch es un script que muestra información sobre el sistema operativo, el hardware y la configuración del entorno de escritorio. En el guion, se utiliza para mostrar el estado del sistema después de la instalación y configuración.

¿Qué es 'Material Awesome' y cómo se relaciona con la configuración del escritorio en el guion?

Material Awesome es un tema para el administrador de ventanas Awesome, que proporciona un aspecto minimalista y moderno. En el guion, se menciona como parte de la configuración del escritorio personalizado.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Introducción a la transmisión en vivo de creación de entornos Linux

El presentador inicia la transmisión en vivo con una introducción entusiasta, anunciando un enfoque especial en la creación de un entorno personalizado para Linux. Se menciona la discusión previa en el chat sobre Gen 2 y LFS, y se destaca que Gen 2 es la distribución utilizada por Chrome OS. El hablante expresa su preferencia por las ramas principales de las distribuciones, como Debian, Arch y las basadas en Red Hat, como Fedora, y enfatiza la importancia de la personalización. La transmisión se centrará en Arch Linux, destacando su valor educativo y la intención de realizar este proceso periódicamente con diferentes distribuciones.

05:02

🛠️ Preparación y automatización del proceso de instalación de Arch Linux

El hablante describe el proyecto 'archmatic', una herramienta de automatización para facilitar la instalación y configuración de Arch Linux. Se discute la estructura del proyecto y cómo se divide en partes para facilitar la solución de problemas. Se menciona la intención de empaquetar el proyecto en un script único en el futuro, pero para esta transmisión se presenta como un proceso en etapas. Se detalla el proceso de clonación del repositorio y el inicio de la configuración, incluyendo la formateo de discos y la instalación de utilidades básicas como git y curl.

10:02

🔧 Configuración del sistema de arranque y particiones

En este párrafo, el hablante se enfoca en la configuración del sistema de arranque y la creación de particiones. Se utiliza 'sg disk' para gestionar las particiones y se discuten los problemas potenciales con la tabla de particiones. Se muestra cómo crear una entrada de arranque para Systemd-boot, incluyendo la adición del UUID de la partición y la configuración de la entrada de arranque para el kernel de Linux. Se destaca la importancia de tener una comprensión profunda de estos pasos para evitar errores en la instalación.

15:04

🖥️ Instalación y configuración del entorno de trabajo

El hablante procede a instalar y configurar el entorno de trabajo, eligiendo el Awesome Window Manager en lugar de un entorno de escritorio completo. Se detalla la instalación de paquetes básicos y la personalización del sistema, incluyendo la configuración de un nuevo usuario y la selección de un kernel LTS para mayor estabilidad. Se menciona la intención de mantener un sistema liviano y eficiente, evitando el exceso de paquetes innecesarios.

20:06

🔄 Revisión y ajustes finales en la configuración de Awesome Window Manager

El hablante revisa y ajusta la configuración del Awesome Window Manager para personalizar el escritorio. Se menciona el uso de 'material-awesome' y se describe cómo se configura el tema, la transparencia y los efectos. Se discuten los problemas encontrados con la configuración inicial y cómo se resuelven clonando la configuración del hablante desde su repositorio de GitHub. Se enfatiza la flexibilidad de Awesome para adaptarse a las preferencias personales del usuario.

📝 Conclusión y planificación futura

Para concluir, el hablante reflexiona sobre el proceso de la transmisión en vivo y destaca la eficacia del script 'archmatic' en su primera ejecución. Se reconoce la necesidad de mejorar ciertos aspectos del script, especialmente en la fase de inicio y post-instalación. Se anuncia planes futuros para realizar un recorrido similar con distribuciones basadas en Debian y Fedora, con el objetivo de mostrar la versatilidad y personalización de las distribuciones Linux.

Keywords

💡Linux

Linux es un sistema operativo de código abierto que se utiliza en una amplia variedad de dispositivos, desde servidores hasta teléfonos móviles. En el video, el tema principal es construir un entorno personalizado de Linux, lo que implica una experiencia de aprendizaje y personalización profunda de este sistema operativo. Se menciona en el contexto de las distribuciones de Linux, como Arch Linux y Debian, que son utilizadas como base para la creación de un sistema personalizado.

💡Distribuciones de Linux

Las distribuciones de Linux son versiones específicas del sistema operativo Linux, cada una con sus propias características y personalizaciones. En el script, se habla de las distribuciones principales como Debian, Arch y las basadas en Red Hat, como Fedora, y cómo se pueden personalizar para crear un entorno de Linux único.

💡Arch Linux

Arch Linux es una distribución de Linux que se destaca por su enfoque en la personalización y configuración manual. En el video, se elige Arch Linux como la base para construir un entorno personalizado, destacando su capacidad para aprender y adaptar el sistema a las necesidades específicas del usuario.

💡Personalización

La personalización se refiere al proceso de adaptar y ajustar un sistema o programa para satisfacer las preferencias y necesidades individuales. En el video, la personalización es el objetivo principal, donde se muestra cómo tomar una distribución de Linux y adaptarla con software y configuraciones específicas para crear un sistema personalizado.

💡Gen 2

Gen 2 se refiere a una generación o versión de tecnología o software, aunque en el script no se da un contexto específico. Se menciona en relación con la conversación previa al video, donde los espectadores hablaban sobre Gen 2 y LFS (Logical Volume Manager), aunque no se profundiza en su significado dentro del video.

💡Pac-Man

Pac-Man es el gestor de paquetes de Arch Linux, utilizado para instalar, actualizar y eliminar software. En el script, se utiliza Pac-Man para instalar herramientas y paquetes necesarios en el proceso de personalización del sistema de Linux.

💡AWESOME

AWESOME es un gestor de ventanas para X Window System que se menciona en el video como parte de la personalización del entorno de escritorio. Aunque no se utiliza un entorno de escritorio completo, AWESOME es elegido por su flexibilidad y capacidad para crear un escritorio personalizado.

💡Script

Un script es un conjunto de instrucciones ejecutadas automáticamente por un intérprete o sistema. En el video, se crea y utiliza un script llamado 'archmatic' para automatizar el proceso de instalación y configuración del sistema Linux personalizado, simplificando el proceso y facilitando la personalización.

💡EFI

EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) es un estándar de firmware utilizado en computadoras modernas para iniciar el sistema operativo. En el script, se menciona la creación y configuración de una partición EFI durante el proceso de instalación del sistema Linux.

💡Systemd-boot

Systemd-boot es un cargador de arranque que utiliza el sistema de inicialización systemd para iniciar el sistema operativo. En el video, se discute su uso en lugar de GRUB, presentando una alternativa para la gestión del arranque en sistemas Linux personalizados.

💡Neofetch

Neofetch es un script que muestra información sobre el sistema operativo, el hardware y el entorno de escritorio. En el video, se utiliza Neofetch para mostrar el estado del sistema después de la instalación y personalización, evidenciando la eficiencia y la funcionalidad del sistema personalizado.

Highlights

Live stream focuses on building a custom Linux environment.

Introduction to Gen 2, the distribution used by Chrome OS.

Discussion on the importance of choosing a mainline Linux distribution.

Emphasis on Arch Linux as a great learning experience.

Introduction of a custom project called Archmatic for automation.

Explanation of the process to build a Linux environment from Arch Linux.

Details on avoiding bloat and installing only necessary packages.

The decision not to use desktop environments for a streamlined setup.

Demonstration of the script's first run and potential for failure.

Instructions on using 'sgdisk' for partitioning during setup.

Troubleshooting steps for the boot loader configuration.

The use of 'systemd-boot' as an alternative to GRUB.

Customizing the Arch Linux installation with minimal packages.

Installation of Awesome Window Manager for a lightweight desktop experience.

Discussion on the importance of using the LTS kernel for stability.

Final setup and configuration of the custom Arch Linux environment.

Reflection on the success of the first run-through of the new script.

Plans for future live streams to build custom environments for Debian and Fedora.

Transcripts

all right how's everybody doing this

morning

uh we have a special special

a live stream today where we're

basically building kind of our own

environment for linux uh i saw some

really good stuff

on chat that was uh you know pre-game

chat i guess

where some people were talking about gen

2 and lfs which is great

a lot of people don't realize this but

gen 2 is the

distribution that chrome os uses it's

just a very customized

uh os now most people know i hate

to say hello here's all these different

distributions try them out because i

think

honestly just pick a mainline branch and

then go for it so

in my eyes there's really only three

distributions

that you really that really exist and

that's debian

arch and and a lot of the the red hat

based stuff which would be fedora

for for most people but there's so many

spin-offs of that and really when it

comes to the spin-offs of those

distributions

it comes to customization so in today's

live stream really what we're going over

is just kind of taking one of those

mainline branches

and i think we're gonna probably do this

maybe once every month or two

and the next one we'll pick a different

branch so

in today's branch of course we're gonna

choose

arch linux uh which when it comes to

arch uh

arch is fantastic for learning linux

so when it comes down to that that's

that's really the the big thing about uh

arch linux that i want people to take

away from it it's a great

learning experience if i just want

something to work forever and ever and

ever and just kind of leave it in the

background much like my streaming pc

that i use to

display all the overlays with my stream

deck and everything typically that's

debian based

i have a custom project we've already

kind of started it's called archmatic

it's been on my repost for a long time

but i kind of retooled it this past

week and fixing it up to basically do a

lot of the automation for us

eventually it'll get to the point where

it just is a one

script and you just click that and just

does everything for you

but for today's video it's obviously

broken up into about five parts

the reason why breaking it up when

before you combine it into a script it

just makes it easier to troubleshoot

stuff are you gonna go package this in

an iso

i am not i am not crypto thank you for

the super chat by the way

um i will make obviously it's on github

i eventually want to make it just so you

can kind of learn the steps and

customize this script to your needs what

i like to do we're just going to

first grab some utilities uh from

pac-man

uh we're going to have to do a syyy just

to kind of update the

what's there and then once it grabs our

database we'll be able to

grab some of the utilities we need first

off we're going to need git

curl w get

just some basic things just to grab

those scripts that we're talking about

yeah and some people are asking in chat

about

desktop environments of today um we're

not going to use any desktop

environments this is going to be

from not from scratch because links from

scratch are building the kernel you're

building out the package manager you're

building out everything

where arch just kind of makes it easy

and

i mean i say easy but relatively

to build your own and get every single

little piece what you want

uh so that's the point of this this

stream is really to get

everything that you use and make it

streamlined so you're not gonna have a

whole bunch of bloat you're not gonna

have any bloat really

every single package we're purposely

installing

and saying these are exactly what i will

use

and then there won't be any excess

packages that we never use

in this uh thing so we're gonna just get

clone and we're gonna get

that github project we're going to clone

it

and then we can start the actual setup

now this i've never actually tried this

script prior to the live stream

which well probably should have but you

know i always like to show

failure on my live streams

uh it's just it's just fun that way

so you guys can know that hey nobody's

perfect

and uh when you look at like a youtube

video and someone does it in like five

minutes

just know that that's probably chopped

up a bit

so let's go ahead run the pre-install

pre-installs first and then you go once

it boots into the system

zero through nine i couldn't remember

the order i put it in

it is still early for me all right so

this is the pre-install

once you get in here clone it and then

from the clone

reinstall this will reformat our drives

but i don't care let's let's see what

happens

yeah so this will automatically format

your drive so don't don't run it on

like your main box um obviously

that would not be good so this what it

does is

it says hey um this

is gonna format your drive it doesn't

lsb okay so you can pick out what one

is the actual thing so we're gonna go

dev sda because that's our

our actual main disk for this machine it

should go through format it

let's see what happens all right so

proceed anyways

yes so like i hate making

distributions or i hate making uh new

distributions so

really this is just gonna be a

customized arch you can call it whatever

you want

i'll i'll leave it to you guys as this

is something i want you guys to just run

and at the end of the day you're just

going to have

the base arch and then obviously here in

a month or two

we can switch over and do the same thing

for debian

to where it would automatically do a lot

of this stuff as well

but overall i think the script's working

really well i really like how the

formatting worked out really

good there we're going to see if the

actual partition tables are proper this

time

the last time we got to this step uh the

partition tables weren't

uh so i'm curious to see if this cg disc

or sg disc is what we're using for

in the script so this time around it

uses sg disk

we'll see how well it does with the

partition tables and and how well it

partitioned that

efi partition how many times can i say

partition

all right now let's do a boot ctl

install i believe

this is ch yeah it is ch root i believe

yeah yeah we're ch root in

so we should be able to just do b ctl

install

that looked like it worked but i don't

think we have a loader

if we go into so this is using systemd

boots so

folks that never seen systemd boot it's

actually easier than grub

if everything's set up exactly right um

but a lot of times it's not so it can

definitely throw you through a loop if

we go into our boot

let's see here we have the linux image

in efi we should have an actual loader

file

which i don't see any loader you know

what i don't think in the options i

don't i don't think this is right

anyways

because i think i need to use uuid when

i'm making this loader

so under boot loader we need to actually

add those uh the directory

and entries i think we should be fine

after that though

so let's flip back over here and see

what we got

let's come back into the boot directory

do an ls

loader ls and

i think in entries we should see

something which we don't have anything

so let's make an

arch.com entry

and then here we'll make the title

title um arch

linux and from here we're going to do a

full

retrieve of a blk id

and we're going to grab sda

1 or sda2 so we're going to actually

wrap actually let's grab ext4 i believe

would be oh i'm trying to think of what

i named this

i don't think i named yeah let's just

grab the whole blk id and then we'll

just clean it up

all right so we don't need sda1

we'll delete that sda2

we'll just get rid of and then let's

just

punch into insert mode and then we're

just going to pull this

back grab just the uuid

and that should be it

let's escape that and then we're just

going to delete the rest of the line

so i'm just grabbing the uuid and we're

just building this one

systemd entry out it's weird that i

think there's some program for systemd

i think i can't remember what it is but

it'll actually build the loader files

for you i need to look more into that so

i'm not custom building it like this

so this one let's just go ahead

delete that we'll put root in

equals and quote it

and then end up with rw at the end i

always keep hitting escape darn vms

but anyways this is a good test

and then we'll save and quit so for

clear

list we can cap that arch and this is

what

our boot should be sometimes you can do

a u code in here i don't think i need

the u code

on this maybe i do let's see i don't

have it over

here but i did notice on this one

having the intel u code

which this is an intel on this guy i

don't know if i actually need that for

the virtual box or not let's take a look

let's take a look and and when i say

linux is linux a lot of this

is universal so right now i don't see a

u code anywhere in here

as far as the image also matching what

we just installed on that so if we

cat into loader

oh cat loader entries

arch i always like anytime i make a

custom boot entry just checking to make

sure

that like this right here vm

linux also matches this file then we

also have init ram

fs linux in it ram fs dash linux

right here so those files are good but

don't put

entries in here for files you don't have

obviously that would

not work you might see other things in

just the boot directory

when you do a listing you might see uh

amd

dash u code or intel dash u code you'd

want to add that option

into the loader file uh per per the

entry in here so you can actually see

that right here but

we don't need to do it in this instance

all right so now

yay we have ip

we'll first update our databases

and then let's do a listing

[Music]

all listing all right yeah we're this is

bare bones so we're not

we're not really using anything uh let's

let's see where we start with

so this is as bare bones linux distro as

you can get

just i'm already starting to blow it up

with neofetch i hear you guys i hear you

guys i don't even need to look at chat

to know that's what you guys are saying

all right so bare bones linux distro

about 67 megs of memory

being used um 163 packages

so overall i mean that's pretty pretty

[Music]

light

so we will be using awesome window

manager we will not be using

any desktop environments however there's

going to be pieces of desktop

environments we might grab

like lx appearance i think is one um

a lot of x utilities i like to use i

switched off x screensaver and i'm now

using xfc for

power manager i love the xfce power

manager

i think it's one of the best so i'm just

kind of piecemealing a little bit of

this

but what i don't want is to hit a large

desktop package and install an entire

desktop environment and load up this

whole system

as if this ever goes over like a

thousand packages

i did something wrong um so i think from

here let's go ahead

and now we have to install some of our

stuff which

get curl that should be able to get us

most of the way there

[Music]

and we're going to get clone

notice that the installation media is

different from the actual install so

that's why we're cloning it twice

and we're going to just go crystal's

tech archmatic

and then we can actually do a listing

i need to grab my aliases it's driving

me batty

all right anyhoo all right uh

ls al and we should have all executing

scripts

and we can run our setup and this

should create our user get everything

exactly how it should be

oh somebody says arch

somebody done like awesome window

manager

hater all right we'll call this one

titus arch

for the host name username we're going

to call this titus

password super secure

and here we go this should

start customizing the distro itself uh

using just the zero setup

and then we'll walk through each step

and see what we get

and now now we can do this

now this should install this is doing

xorg and i think i put little

little brackets here to see what all is

going on but i'll try and say what's

happening as it's installing

so right now it's just doing all the

xorg stuff which is this display

renderer

alright so this one is finished for the

base and now we can move on to

the software the software portion is

just like your basic utilities that are

needed

a file manager that type of thing so

let's go ahead and run it

so we're going to go to software pac-man

so this is just going to be some little

things i am adding the lts kernel

if you're ever running arch you always

want the lts kernel because there's

going to be times things break

so that's why

and also like this basic setup should

get you to

basically how my desktop looks as well

so

it should be a very very minimal install

with

pretty much everything that you need or

everything that i use

but if there is something missing fork

it add add whatever packages you want to

it

or remove packages there's things that i

know a lot of the linux community hates

that i use

like vs code um and some

some other probably software packages in

there as well

uh the system specs on this guy is four

megs of memory

uh two cores um

32 gigs of memory or 32 gigs on the hard

drive

so not not much uh if we look at

let's see what we're at on the neofetch

already

yeah we're already up to 800 packages

yeah we're getting close to that

thousand thousand package marker

but pretty much everything's installed

except for the aur

stuff which i don't really use much in

the aur so this should go pretty quick

all right so we got all that in um now

we can do the post install

and we should be able to boot up here

and there we are

all right got got my display in just

fine

that worked in the script this part did

not

ah oh you know what it is i bet you

um

let's go into the config file

is there not there's not even an awesome

config all right so i know what happened

git clone um i

forgot to clone my configuration uh into

here so github.com

and we're gonna just clone this directly

into here and we should have pretty much

an identical setup

to what i'm running on most of my

systems

so material

awesome and then we're gonna run that to

dot config awesome

and then we should be able to reload

this and we should have pretty much my

desktop that you see on all my videos

all right let's let's try reload awesome

here we're gonna just go awesome

restart oh there we go

so we've got that

my little synology drive so now we have

the desktop

so this isn't using and if i do

[Music]

terminator i would use my hotkeys but

it's just going to pull up my stuff

so i can actually pull this in and if i

did it right

we should be able to do some translucent

effects and some other stuff

i did switch the project out um i don't

know if a car is in chat

but when it comes to material awesome i

did do pycom

instead of compton compton's been

deprecated for a while now

um so we can actually um

ditch that so we're gonna actually just

change this around

you know i'll probably use monospace for

now i do have a video coming out next

week

going over terminal customization so

to make terminal look decent but we're

going to just

clean this up just a hair

mono space yeah let's go

regular and blow that up a little

bit background let's add a little

transparency shall we 69

transparency and we'll use some themes

go green on black i like that

and we should be solid here so let's

close that out

pull that back up and

yeah that didn't work yeah still don't

have that transparency i'll work on the

transparency uh for now let's do a neo

fetch

not bad i mean it's not bad so memory

usage

uh this whole operating system's rocking

about 200 megs of memory

um it's using about 800 packages which

is not bad

not like oh my god look at me i've done

it in minimal packages because we

installed a crap ton of stuff here

we have full functionality

pretty darn awesome

uh but that's awesome window manager in

a nutshell

um that's what i use on my main box the

whole idea of this script is to kind of

build this out in arch

like i said we're going to revisit this

once i get this arch script kind of

cleaned up a bit

then we're gonna go over to debian um

because pretty much every distro falls

into most of these things and also like

fedora

uh we'll do a fedora one too um

but you know just to show that when it

comes to distributions it's really

about the syntax and just getting things

cleaned up

um this went pretty smooth for the most

part for it being the very first

run-through of a

fresh script i thought it was pretty

good um

obviously the start and post definitely

need some work

uh i'm terrible at bash scripting but

i'm getting better

um and yeah that's that's about it when

it comes to

building your own um we'll do this one

was archbase again next month

let's do let's plan on doing a debian

based run through of this and build out