EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Quarter 1 - EARTH SUBSYSTEMS

Summary

This educational video script introduces Grade 11 students to Earth and Life Sciences, focusing on the Earth's four subsystems: the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It explains how these systems interact to support life, highlighting processes like photosynthesis, the water cycle, and atmospheric circulation. The script emphasizes the interconnectedness of Earth's systems and their importance in maintaining a habitable environment, drawing parallels to the human body's interdependent systems.

Takeaways

• 🌏 The Earth is composed of four subsystems that interact across their boundaries, allowing for the flow of matter and energy: the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
• 🌱 The biosphere includes all living systems on Earth, from the smallest organisms to complex ecosystems, and is characterized by processes like photosynthesis and biogeochemical cycles.
• 🌊 The hydrosphere encompasses all of Earth's water, including oceans, lakes, rivers, polar ice, and water vapor, and is involved in processes like the hydrologic cycle and ocean circulation.
• 🌬️ The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope of Earth, divided into layers based on temperature differences, and plays a crucial role in maintaining the planet's temperature and weather patterns.
• 🏞️ The geosphere is the solid part of Earth, where geological processes like volcanic activity and tectonic movements occur, shaping the planet's surface and contributing to the formation of geological structures.
• 🌡️ The Earth's subsystems work together to maintain balance, and changes in one can affect the others, similar to how human body systems must stay in balance for overall health.
• 🌞 The Sun is the primary source of energy for all life on Earth, driving processes like photosynthesis and atmospheric and oceanic circulation.
• 🌳 Producers in the biosphere, such as plants, create food through photosynthesis, which is then consumed by other organisms in a food chain, illustrating the flow of matter and energy.
• 🌀 Convection currents in the oceans, driven by differences in water temperature and density, distribute energy and contribute to the movement of water around the globe.
• 🌈 The atmosphere's layers, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere, each have distinct characteristics and functions, influencing weather and climate.
• 🌌 The geosphere's processes, including weathering, mantle convection, and erosion, shape the Earth's surface and contribute to the formation of geological features like mountains and deltas.

Q & A

What are the four subsystems of the Earth mentioned in the script?

The four subsystems of the Earth are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

What does Neil deGrasse Tyson say about our connection to the Earth and the universe?

Neil deGrasse Tyson says that we are all connected biologically to the Earth, chemically to the rest of the universe, and atomically.

What is the role of the biosphere in the Earth's subsystems?

The biosphere is associated with living systems, including various biomes and ecosystems, and plays a crucial role in processes like photosynthesis and biogeochemical cycles.

Why is the hydrosphere important for life on Earth?

The hydrosphere, composed of all water on Earth, is important because it supports a vast array of life forms and is involved in processes like the hydrologic cycle and ocean circulation.

How does the atmosphere contribute to making Earth habitable?

The atmosphere contributes by providing the necessary gases for life, regulating the planet's temperature, and playing a role in weather and climate through atmospheric circulation.

What are the main features of the geosphere?

The main features of the geosphere include geological processes like volcanic activity, mountain formation, and tectonic plate movements, which cause earthquakes.

What is the significance of the food web in the biosphere?

A food web illustrates the flow of matter and energy within the biosphere, showing how organisms are interlinked through food chains.

How does the Earth's interior structure relate to the geosphere?

The Earth's interior structure, including the crust, mantle, and core, is part of the geosphere and influences geological processes and the planet's overall stability.

What is the role of convection currents in the hydrosphere?

Convection currents, caused by differences in water temperature and density, distribute energy in the ocean and contribute to ocean circulation.

Why is the stratosphere important in the Earth's atmosphere?

The stratosphere, which contains the ozone layer, is important because it absorbs high-energy radiation from the sun, protecting life on Earth from harmful rays.

How does the Earth's subsystems' balance affect the planet's habitability?

A change in one subsystem can affect the others, so maintaining balance among the Earth's subsystems is crucial for sustaining habitable conditions on the planet.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Earth's Subsystems and Their Role in Life

This paragraph introduces the concept of Earth's subsystems and their importance in sustaining life. It explains that Earth consists of four subsystems: the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, which interact to make life possible. The paragraph emphasizes the interconnectedness of all life forms to Earth and the universe, as highlighted by astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson. It also outlines the goal of the lesson, which is to help students understand the characteristics of each subsystem, trace the flow of matter and energy, and recognize their role in these systems.

05:00

🌱 The Biosphere: Life's Diverse Environments and Processes

The second paragraph delves into the biosphere, discussing its association with living systems such as biomes and ecosystems. It covers the variety of life forms found within the biosphere, from microscopic organisms to large marine creatures, and the processes that occur within it, such as photosynthesis and biogeochemical cycles. The paragraph explains how the sun is the primary energy source for life on Earth and how the flow of energy and matter through food chains and webs is crucial for the perpetuation of life. It also touches on the different ecosystems within the biosphere, such as coastal biomes, forests, deserts, and grasslands.

10:02

💧 The Hydrosphere: Earth's Water in Motion

This paragraph focuses on the hydrosphere, which encompasses all of Earth's water in various forms, including oceans, lakes, rivers, polar ice, and water vapor. It discusses the role of the sun in heating the Earth's water and causing differences in ocean temperature, which in turn affects water density and leads to convection currents. The paragraph outlines the features of the hydrosphere, such as oceans, icebergs, and glaciers, and the processes it involves, like the hydrologic cycle and ocean circulation, which are essential for distributing energy across the planet.

🌬️ The Atmosphere: Gaseous Envelope and Weather

The fourth paragraph examines the atmosphere, the gaseous part of Earth, and its layers, each with distinct temperature patterns. It explains the stratosphere's role in shielding Earth from harmful sun rays and the importance of the troposphere, where weather occurs and most life is found. The paragraph details the atmospheric processes, such as atmospheric circulation, which influences weather and climate, and the role of the atmosphere in maintaining the planet's temperature. It also mentions the features of the atmosphere, including clouds, weather, and air pollution.

🏔️ The Geosphere: Earth's Solid Foundation and Geological Processes

The final paragraph of the script discusses the geosphere, the solid sphere of Earth, and its various geological processes, such as volcanic activity and the formation of mountains. It describes the lithosphere, which includes tectonic plates and is responsible for earthquakes, as well as the Earth's interior layers, including the crust, mantle, and core. The paragraph highlights the features of the geosphere, such as volcanoes, mountains, and sand dunes, and the importance of geological processes in shaping the Earth's landscape.

Keywords

💡Earth Systems

Earth Systems refer to the interconnected subsystems of the planet that work together to maintain life and its conditions. In the video, the concept is central as it explains how the Earth's subsystems interact to create a habitable environment. The script mentions four subsystems: geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, each playing a unique role in the Earth's functionality.

💡Subsystems

Subsystems are the individual components of a larger system, such as the Earth's system. The script identifies four key subsystems, each with distinct characteristics and functions. The concept is vital as it helps students understand the division of Earth's processes and how they contribute to the overall system.

💡Biosphere

The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems and represents the part of Earth where life exists. It includes a variety of biomes and ecosystems, both visible and microscopic, that interact with each other and their environments. The script highlights the biosphere as a critical subsystem for life, with processes like photosynthesis and biogeochemical cycles.

💡Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere encompasses all of Earth's water in various forms, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and ice. The script explains its importance in the Earth system through the water cycle and ocean currents, which distribute energy and nutrients, contributing to the planet's habitability.

💡Atmosphere

The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding Earth, crucial for life support and weather patterns. The video script describes its composition, layers, and functions, such as temperature regulation and protection from harmful solar radiation. The atmosphere's role in the Earth system is highlighted through its interaction with other subsystems.

💡Geosphere

The geosphere is Earth's solid sphere, including the planet's rocky surface and interior layers. It is the site of geological processes like volcanism and tectonic activity. The script discusses the geosphere's role in shaping Earth's landscape and its influence on other subsystems through processes like weathering and erosion.

💡Matter and Energy Flow

Matter and energy flow describe the movement of substances and energy across the Earth's subsystems. The script emphasizes this concept as a key aspect of the Earth system, showing how these flows sustain life and maintain the planet's balance. Examples from the script include the flow of energy through photosynthesis and the cycling of water through the hydrosphere.

💡Habitability

Habitability refers to the conditions that allow life to exist and thrive. The video script discusses how the Earth's subsystems work together to create a habitable environment, such as the presence of water, an atmosphere, and suitable temperatures. This concept is central to understanding the Earth system's purpose and function.

💡Biogeochemical Cycles

Biogeochemical cycles are the processes by which elements like carbon and nitrogen move through the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. The script mentions these cycles as integral to the functioning of the biosphere, illustrating how matter is recycled and energy is transferred within the Earth system.

💡Troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, where weather occurs and where humans live. The script describes it as the layer closest to Earth and the site of weather formation, emphasizing its importance in the Earth system for climate and weather patterns.

💡Stratosphere

The stratosphere is a layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, known for containing the ozone layer. The script explains its role in protecting Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation, highlighting its importance in the Earth system for life protection.

Highlights

Introduction to Earth and Life Sciences for grade 11 students focusing on Earth systems.

Earth consists of four subsystems where matter and energy flow across their boundaries.

Recap of factors making Earth habitable: location, atmosphere, size, mass, magnetic field, and presence of water.

Neil deGrasse Tyson's quote on the interconnectedness of life on Earth and the universe.

Definition of a system as a group of interacting components forming a complex whole.

Earth System Science studies the planet through its subsystems to form a comprehensive picture.

Identification of the four subsystems: geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

Subsystems' natural interactions are essential for life on Earth.

Biosphere features and its role in supporting life through photosynthesis and biogeochemical cycles.

Hydrosphere as the water component of Earth, including oceans, lakes, and ice, and its role in the water cycle.

Atmosphere's layers and their functions, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.

Atmosphere's role in maintaining Earth's temperature and weather phenomena.

Geosphere as the solid sphere of Earth with processes like volcanic activity and tectonic plate movement.

Description of Earth's interior layers: crust, mantle, and core.

Importance of balance in Earth's subsystems for maintaining habitability.

Completion of lesson two with a summary of the key concepts covered.

Assignment of activities related to the lesson to reinforce understanding of Earth's subsystems.

Closing remarks encouraging students to stay safe and continue learning at home.

Transcripts

whoa look who's here

hello grade 11 students welcome back to

another

exciting lesson about earth and life

sciences

all right let's do this grade 11

students

my dear students are lesson two

to earth systems

you will have to explain that the earth

consists of four

subsystems across whose boundaries

matter and energy flow specifically

this module will help you to determine

the four subsystems of the earth

describe the characteristics of each

sub-system

trace the flow of matter and energy in

the earth's

subsystems and express one's

internalized

role as a steroid of the four subsystems

concerning the flow of matter and energy

before we dig into our new lesson let's

have a short recap

last meeting we discuss about the

factories that make the planet habitable

this oil location atmosphere

size and mass magnetic field and

presence of water

fortunately earth has all of these

factors

so evidently it can support any life

forms

including humans

we are all connected to each other

biologically

to the earth chemically to the rest of

the universe

atomically the code above is said by

neil degrasse tyson

an american astrophysicist do you agree

with him why do you think he said that

we are all connected

a certain group of interacting

interrelated

or interdependent poets that work

together to form

a complex whole is called a system

the scientists around the world try to

study a planet

through the smallest systems it have and

fit them together to form a whole

picture

which is known as the earth system

science

specifically earth system is commonly

referred as

the spheres which are divided into four

geosphere

hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere

the natural interactions that exist

among these subsystems

make life possible on this planet

in this lesson you will learn about the

features of each of the subsystems

and explain that earth consists of these

four subsystems across whose boundaries

motor and energy flow

these four spheres regulate the

different functions of earth

which makes it habitable which is

similar on how

a human body system works all human body

systems

work together to maintain a

well-functioning and healthy body

on earth each of the four spheres or

systems

must keep itself in balance

a change in one system will affect

other systems

here is the key concepts that you must

remember on each

earth subsystem number one

biosphere this sphere is associated with

living systems

such as biomes or ecosystems

this includes life on land in the oceans

and rivers

and even life that we cannot see with

the naked eye

organisms comprising the simplest

cyanobacteria

that the complex eukaryotes adopt their

natural environment

leading to survival even in extreme

conditions such as

extreme heat in the absence of water

some unique plants and animals thrive by

means of their evolutionary

characteristics

the atmosphere is filled with life in

the form of philippine ego

monarch butterfly vampire bat

peregrine falcons and some flying

insects

the hydrosphere is steaming with life as

well just like the blue whale

the orca the starfish and the sea cow

in fact most of the organisms or earth

are found

in water

the features of biosphere are

coastal biomes forest

desert grasslands and other ecosystems

different processes happen in the

biosphere

such as photosynthesis biogeochemical

cycles

like carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle

the main source of energy for all life

forms is the sun

through photosynthesis producers

manufacture their own food to produce

carbohydrates

the producers or autotrophs are consumed

by the consumers in a food chain

a series of food chain comprises a food

web

this illustrates that matter and energy

flow within the system

an interlinking food chain is called

food web

the constant flow of energy on earth is

what allows

life to perpetuate

the second system is the hydrosphere

hydros means water

so the hydrosphere is composed of all

the waters on earth

such as liquid water found in oceans

lakes and streams polar ice which is

solid in form and water vapor that

results from evaporation of liquid water

earth is sometimes called the blue

planet

due to the presence of liquid water

oceans occupy almost seven to one

percent of the earth's water

the other fractions are distributed

as polar ice and water vapor

energy from the sun heats up the ocean

water

and evenly due to the difference in the

angle of sun's rays across different

portions of the earth

this causes difference in ocean

temperature

specifically the ocean water near the

equator is warm

while the ocean water near the poles is

cold

the difference in the temperature of the

planet's water

leads to the difference in density which

causes water to move by means of

convection

the movement as a result of difference

in density is called convection current

which distributes energy in the ocean

the different features in the

hydrosphere are

oceans icebergs lakes

rivers glaciers snow

and so on the different processes

involving the hydrosphere

are the hydrologic cycle such as

condensation

and evaporation and ocean circulation

the atmosphere is the gaseous part of

the earth composed of several trace

gases

necessary to support the existence of

all living components

such as plants and animals the

atmosphere is divided into layers

according to differences in the pattern

of temperature

as one goes to higher altitude

from the bottom this are the troposphere

stratosphere mesosphere

and thermosphere though the atmosphere

may be a very thin

layer of the earth when compared to the

earth's interior

it plays a vital role in the maintaining

the planet's temperature it acts as

a thermostat ozone molecules

in the stratosphere absorb high energy

radiation

by means of photodissociation

weather occurs in the troposphere

atmosphere plays a role in weathering of

rocks

making the earth dynamic the sun

unevenly hits the air

which leads to the movement of air

molecules

cold air sinks at bottom of the

atmosphere

where most life forms are found this

is due to its high density

hot air on the other hand rises

up due to its low density

this movement distributes energy in the

atmosphere

it is the movement of air in the

atmosphere

that causes weather and climate

this table shows the descriptions of

each atmosphere layer

the troposphere air closest to the earth

where we live where weather is formed

and

airplanes fly at the top of it it can be

found

10 miles or 16 kilometers above the

surface of the earth

the stratosphere or ozone layer

is part of it it helps shield the earth

from harmful sun rays

30 miles to 48 kilometers above the

surface of the earth

is the position or location of the

stratosphere

the mesosphere is the coldest layer

where meteorites break apart 50 miles to

80 kilometers

above the surface of the earth

while the thermosphere is 5 times as

deep as all other layers combined

it is very hot with up to 2000 degrees

celsius temperature

it can be found 200 miles or 483

kilometers

above the surface of the earth lastly

the exosphere

where satellites circle the earth and

fades into space

it is beyond 300 miles above

the surface of the earth

here are the atmosphere features

clouds weather aurora

air pollution or aerosols thus

and so on and the only atmosphere

process

is the atmospheric circulation

next is the geosphere it is the solid

sphere

of the earth this is where different

geologic processes such as volcanic

activity

formation of mountains volcanoes and

other geologic structures take place

the lithosphere is a part of the

geosphere

that is composed of the solid outermost

part of the planet

it is where tectonic plates that move

are found

causing the ground to move through

vibrations of

energy from the mantle and those

vibrations are called

earthquakes

because of fluvial and alluvial

processes

delta canon river

channels are made

and for the aeolian processes the

geosphere features

that are made are sand dunes and iodines

as the result of tectonic processes

we can have folds faults and

mountains for volcanic processes

involved in the geosphere we have

volcano

central vent and volcanic deposits

other geosphere processes are weathering

mantle convection and erosional

process moving on we have the earth's

interior layers

i know you are all familiar with this

but let's have

a refresher the crust is the upper

portion

composed of two types the oceanic crust

that underlies the ocean basin

and continental crust that underlies a

continent

which is most abundant composition is

oxygen

and silicon the mantle is the solid rock

layer between crust

and core and the core is an iron-rich

sphere divided into two parts the outer

core

which is liquid and composed of ion

nickel

sulfur generates magnetic field and the

inner core

which is predominantly made up of solid

iron and nickel alloy

yay we already finished the lesson two

congratulations and thank you for

listening

please accomplish the following

activities related to this lesson

thank you so much keep safe and stay at

home

you