KEKUASAAN INGGRIS DI INDONESIA - Sejarah Indonesia | Video Pembelajaran

Summary

This historical video script explores the Dutch East India Company's decline and the British rule in Indonesia, marked by the Treaty of Tuntang in 1806. It delves into Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles' governance, characterized by three key principles: abolishing forced labor, eliminating the role of local rulers as tax collectors, and asserting government land ownership. Raffles' policies aimed to boost the economy and government revenue, introducing land rent systems and promoting trade freedom. Despite facing challenges and criticism, his administration left a positive impact, including the founding of Bogor Botanical Gardens and the discovery of Rafflesia arnoldii. The video concludes with the return of Java to Dutch control in 1816.

Takeaways

• 📜 The script discusses the history of the Dutch East India Company's fall to the British, marked by the Treaty of Tuntang on September 18, 1860.
• 🇬🇧 The British rule in Indonesia began with Lord Minto officially appointing Thomas Stamford Raffles as the British authority in Indonesia on September 18, 1984, with Batavia as the center of power.
• 🏛 Raffles implemented three main principles in governance: the abolition of forced labor and tax collection, the removal of bupati as tax collectors, and the declaration of land as government property.
• 🤝 Raffles fostered good relations with local rulers, especially those opposed to the Dutch, and divided Java into 18 residencies, appointing bupati as government officials with cash salaries.
• 🛡️ Raffles intervened in local affairs, including conflicts within the Yogyakarta Sultanate, and sent British troops to dethrone Sultan Hamengkubuwono II, who was seen as a threat to British rule.
• 🌾 In the economic sphere, Raffles aimed to advance Indonesia's economy to increase government profits, abolishing compulsory agricultural deliveries and slavery, and monopolizing salt sales.
• 💼 He introduced land privatization, allowing private land sales, and promoted coffee plantations, granting freedom in trade and allowing people to cultivate profitable international crops.
• 🏘️ Raffles established a land rent system where farmers had to rent land, with rent prices depending on the land's condition and paid in cash.
• 🏞️ He aimed to improve the colony and increase the prosperity of the people by making villages more open to development, which would in turn increase production and tax revenue.
• 🚧 Despite his progressive vision, Raffles faced challenges such as insufficient government oversight and the strong influence of local leaders compared to British resident assistants.
• 📚 Raffles' rule left a positive impact on Indonesia, including the writing of 'The History of Java', the reinstatement of Sultan Sepuh as Yogyakarta's Sultan, and the establishment of Bogor Botanical Gardens by his wife, Olivia Raffles.
• 🌼 The discovery of the endemic Indonesian plant Rafflesia arnoldii, also known as the corpse flower, and the formation of cultural and scientific associations like the Batavia skinos cap in Harmoni, Jakarta, are also part of Raffles' legacy.

Q & A

What significant event marked the end of Dutch power in Indonesia and the beginning of British rule?

The end of Dutch power in Indonesia and the beginning of British rule was marked by the signing of the Treaty of Tuntang on September 18, 1860.

Who was appointed as the British ruler of Indonesia by Governor-General Lord Minto?

Thomas Stamford Raffles was appointed as the British ruler of Indonesia by Governor-General Lord Minto.

What were the three principles that Raffles adhered to in his governance of Indonesia?

The three principles Raffles adhered to were the abolition of all forms of forced labor and tax delivery, the removal of bupati as tax collectors, and the assertion that land belongs to the government.

How did Raffles' policies in the social and economic fields compare to the Dutch Republic's Batavian period?

Raffles' policies in the social and economic fields were similar to the Dutch Republic's Batavian period, as he was also a revolutionary figure, especially in his economic views.

What were some of the economic policies implemented by Raffles to boost the Indonesian economy and increase British government profits?

Some of Raffles' economic policies included abolishing forced agricultural deliveries, ending the corvée system and slavery, monopolizing salt sales, selling land to private individuals, promoting coffee plantations, and granting freedom in trade.

What was the 'Land rent' system implemented by Raffles, and how did it work?

The 'Land rent' system was a land lease policy where farmers had to rent land even if they were the owners. The rent price depended on the land's condition, and payment was made in cash.

How did Raffles attempt to improve the administration and prosperity of the Indonesian archipelago?

Raffles aimed to improve the administration by making villages more open to development, which would increase production and improve the lives of the people, thereby increasing tax revenue.

What challenges did Raffles face during his rule, and how did they affect his governance?

Raffles faced challenges such as insufficient government oversight, stronger roles of local leaders like village heads and bupati compared to British resident assistants, and the difficulty of shedding the culture of colonialism, which led to continued slavery, forced labor, and monopolies.

What were some of the positive impacts of Raffles' rule on Indonesia?

Positive impacts included the writing of 'The History of Java' by Raffles, the reinstatement of Sultan Sepuh as the Sultan of Yogyakarta, the establishment of the Bogor Botanical Gardens by Olivia Raffles, and the discovery of the Rafflesia arnoldii, also known as the corpse flower.

Why was Raffles replaced in 1815, and what happened to Java after his replacement?

Raffles was replaced by John Fendall in 1815 because his governance was considered unsatisfactory in providing benefits to the British government. Shortly after the change in leadership, Java was returned to Dutch control in 1816.

What cultural and scientific contributions did Raffles' rule bring to Indonesia?

Raffles' rule contributed to the establishment of cultural and scientific communities, such as the Batavia skinos cap in Harmoni Jakarta, which fostered the exchange of knowledge and ideas.