Pembentukan Budaya Nasional

Geography Channel

28 Feb 202108:04

Summary

TLDRThis script delves into the formation of Indonesian National Culture, highlighting various definitions by cultural figures. It emphasizes the importance of local roots, regional peak cultures, universal elements, and traditional values like gotong royong. The script outlines the characteristics of national culture, including its high value and pride for Indonesians. Factors influencing cultural diversity are discussed, such as geography, island distribution, external openness, and historical influences. The diversity is reflected in the rich array of ethnic groups, languages, and regional arts and traditions, showcasing Indonesia's cultural richness and uniqueness.

Takeaways

🌟 The concept of National Culture in Indonesia has various definitions from cultural figures, emphasizing its roots in Indonesian culture itself.
🏆 Ki Hajar Dewantara views National Culture as the pinnacle of regional cultures, suggesting a synthesis of various cultural elements.
🌐 Sutan Takdir Alisyahbana describes Indonesian National Culture as universal, highlighting unique elements such as technology, economy, skills, organization, and knowledge.
🌱 Sanusi Pane emphasizes the importance of traditional Eastern Indonesian elements like emotional expressions and communal cooperation in shaping the National Culture.
🏛️ Cokroningrat presents several concepts of national culture, including it being the work of Indonesian citizens, reflecting Indonesian characteristics, and being a source of national pride.
🏞️ The prerequisites for a regional culture to become national include providing identity to the citizens, evoking pride among supporters, and having high quality to enrich the nation's heritage.
🌳 The formation of National Culture is likened to a tree with roots in various regional cultures, continually developing and assimilating into Indonesian habits.
🌍 Geographical conditions and the archipelagic nature of Indonesia contribute to the diversity of cultures and ethnic groups, with each region adapting its lifestyle to its environment.
🌐 Indonesia's openness to external influences, being at the crossroads of the world, has led to a rich tapestry of cultural influences from Arab, Chinese, European, and Indian cultures.
🏘️ The diversity of ethnic groups in Indonesia, with over 1300 ethnicities, is a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage and the variety of languages and regional customs.
🎭 The richness of Indonesian culture is also evident in its arts, including literature, dance, music, and visual arts, reflecting the creativity and traditions of its diverse society.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?
-The main topic of the video script is the formation of National Culture in Indonesia.
What are the different definitions of National Culture provided by various cultural figures mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions that Poerbatjaraka defines National Culture as rooted in Indonesian culture itself, Ki Hajar Dewantara sees it as the peak of regional cultures, Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana considers it as a universal culture with unique elements, and Sanusi Pane emphasizes the importance of traditional feelings and mutual assistance.
According to Cokroningrat, what are the concepts of national culture?
-Cokroningrat suggests that national culture is the work of Indonesian citizens, including works from the past, it should contain distinctive Indonesian characteristics, and it is generally perceived as having high value, becoming a source of pride for Indonesians.
What are the requirements for regional culture to become national culture, as outlined by Cokroningrat?
-According to Cokroningrat, for regional culture to become national culture, it must provide identity to the citizens, evoke a sense of pride among its supporters, and be of high quality to enrich the cultural heritage of the Indonesian nation.
What is the conclusion about the formation of national culture in the script?
-The conclusion is that national culture is a combination of regional cultures that continue to develop and become habits in Indonesia, influenced by assimilation and acculturation processes within the society.
What are the physical and non-physical aspects of culture mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions that physical aspects of culture include traditional houses and clothing, while non-physical aspects include dances, songs, and other intangible cultural expressions.
What factors contribute to the diversity of culture and ethnic groups in Indonesia?
-The factors contributing to the diversity include geographical conditions, the archipelago nature of Indonesia, openness to the outside world, and historical factors.
How does the geographical location of Indonesia affect its local culture?
-The geographical location influences local culture by causing different adaptations to the environment, such as different occupations, clothing styles, housing patterns, and religious beliefs among the local population.
What is the impact of Indonesia's openness to the outside world on its cultural diversity?
-Indonesia's openness to the outside world has led to significant external influences, such as Arab, Chinese, European, and Indian cultures, which are evident in various architectural forms and have contributed to the richness of Indonesia's cultural diversity.
What does the script say about the diversity of ethnic groups, languages, and arts in Indonesia?
-The script highlights that Indonesia has more than 1300 ethnic groups with varying population sizes, over 718 regional languages, and a rich diversity of customs, arts, literature, dance, music, and visual arts.
How does the script describe the historical factor in shaping the cultural diversity of Indonesia?
-The script describes that the arrival of ancestors brought significant changes to the indigenous culture, with each wave of migration introducing different ethnic groups and cultures, leading to the physical and cultural diversity seen among the Indonesian people today.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ National Culture Formation

The first paragraph introduces the topic of National Culture Formation, highlighting various definitions provided by cultural figures in Indonesia. It discusses the perspectives of Poerbatjaraka, Ki Hajar Dewantara, Sutan Takdir Alisyahbana, and Sanusi Pane, each emphasizing different aspects of what constitutes Indonesian National Culture. The paragraph also outlines Cokroaminoto's concepts of national culture, including its being a work of Indonesian citizens, embodying Indonesian characteristics, and possessing high value. The requirements for regional culture to become national are also mentioned, such as providing identity to the nation and evoking pride among its supporters. The paragraph concludes with the idea that national culture is a blend of regional cultures that continue to develop and become habits among Indonesians, influenced by the process of assimilation and acculturation.

05:02

🌏 Factors Influencing Cultural Diversity

The second paragraph delves into the factors that contribute to the cultural diversity and the multitude of ethnic groups in Indonesia. It begins by discussing the geographical situation and the archipelagic nature of the country, which leads to the isolation of certain areas and the development of unique regional cultures. The paragraph then moves on to the historical aspect, detailing how the arrival of ancestors brought significant changes to the indigenous cultures, leading to the formation of various ethnic groups with distinct physical and cultural characteristics. The discussion continues with the diversity of languages in Indonesia, with over 700 regional languages identified by BPS, and the rich tapestry of regional arts, such as literature, dance, music, and visual arts, which are a testament to the country's cultural richness.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡National Culture

National Culture refers to the shared cultural values, practices, and traditions that characterize a nation. In the video, it is discussed as a concept that is rooted in the local culture of Indonesia, with various definitions provided by cultural figures. It is portrayed as a culmination of regional cultures that have evolved and integrated into the habits of the Indonesian people, thus forming a national identity.

💡Cultural Identity

Cultural Identity is the sense of belonging to a cultural group and the recognition of one's own cultural heritage. Within the video, it is highlighted as an essential aspect of regional cultures that contribute to the formation of a national culture. It is mentioned that regional cultures must provide a sense of identity to the broader population and evoke pride among its followers, which is a key component in the development of a national culture.

💡Cultural Diversity

Cultural Diversity refers to the variety of cultural expressions, traditions, and ways of life found within a single society or across the world. The script discusses the richness of Indonesia's cultural diversity, influenced by its geographical location, historical events, and interactions with other cultures. It is exemplified by the wide range of ethnic groups, languages, and regional customs that make up the Indonesian cultural landscape.

💡Geographical Location

Geographical Location is the physical place where a culture is situated and how it is influenced by its environment. The video script mentions that Indonesia's geographical location has a significant impact on its local cultures, leading to adaptations in lifestyle, clothing, housing, and religious beliefs, which in turn contribute to the country's cultural diversity.

💡Isolation

Isolation, in the context of the video, refers to the geographical separation of populations within Indonesia due to land and sea barriers. This isolation has led to the development of distinct cultures on different islands, such as Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan, showcasing the unique cultural expressions that arise from geographical separation.

💡Acculturation

Acculturation is the process of cultural change that results from contact between different cultural groups. The script discusses the role of acculturation in the development of Indonesia's national culture, where regional cultures assimilate and adapt to form a shared cultural identity among the diverse population.

💡Ethnic Groups

Ethnic Groups are communities that share a common cultural background, including language, traditions, and ancestry. The video mentions that Indonesia has more than 1300 ethnic groups, each with its unique cultural characteristics and population size, contributing to the country's rich cultural tapestry.

💡Languages

Languages are the communication tools of different cultural groups. The script notes that Indonesia has approximately 718 regional languages, reflecting the vast linguistic diversity within the country. This diversity is a testament to the numerous Austronesian language families spoken across the archipelago.

💡Traditional Arts

Traditional Arts encompass the various forms of artistic expression that are passed down through generations within a culture. The video highlights the variety of traditional arts in Indonesia, including literature, dance, music, and visual arts, which are integral to the cultural heritage and identity of the nation.

💡Cultural Heritage

Cultural Heritage refers to the legacy of physical artifacts, traditions, and practices that a society inherits from its past. The video script emphasizes the importance of preserving and valuing the cultural heritage of Indonesia, which includes historical sites, traditional crafts, and performing arts, as a means to enrich the national culture.

💡Historical Influences

Historical Influences are the impact of past events, interactions, and migrations on the current cultural landscape. The video discusses how historical events, such as the arrival of ancestors and the influence of foreign cultures, have shaped the cultural diversity of Indonesia, as evidenced by architectural styles and religious practices.

Highlights

Discussion on the formation of National Culture on Geographic Channel.

Various definitions of National Culture from cultural figures.

Poerbatjaraka's view that Indonesian National Culture must be rooted in Indonesian culture itself.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's perspective of National Culture as the peak of regional cultures.

Sutan Takdir Alisyahbana's definition of Indonesian National Culture as universal with unique elements.

Sanusi Pane's emphasis on prioritizing elements of Proklamasi sentiment and gotong royong in Eastern culture.

Cokroningrat's concepts of National Culture as works of Indonesian citizens, including historical works.

National Culture should reflect the characteristics of Indonesia and be a source of pride for its people.

Requirements for regional culture to become National Culture, as outlined by Cokroningrat.

National Culture should provide identity to the nation and evoke a sense of pride among its supporters.

High-quality regional culture enriches the cultural heritage and pride of the Indonesian nation.

National Culture is a combination of regional cultures that continue to develop into Indonesian customs.

Cultural diversity in Indonesia is influenced by geographical conditions and history.

Geographical location and conditions shape the local culture and adaptation of the population.

Isolation due to island geography leads to unique cultural expressions on different islands.

Indonesia's openness to external influences has shaped its cultural diversity.

Historical factors, such as the arrival of ancestors, have contributed to the diversity of ethnic groups and cultures.

Indonesia has over 1300 ethnic groups with varying population sizes and cultural practices.

The diversity of languages in Indonesia, with approximately 718 regional languages.

Cultural diversity is also reflected in the variety of traditional arts, music, dance, and literature.