Introduction To Computer System | Beginners Complete Introduction To Computer System

Summary

This tutorial offers a simplified introduction to computer systems, tailored for beginners. It covers the definition of a computer, its hardware and software components, and the fundamental concepts of how computers work. The video explains the architecture of a computer system, highlighting the key functional units: input, memory, CPU, and output. It also discusses the computer's characteristics, such as speed and accuracy, and features like programmability and data processing. The importance of compilers in translating high-level programming languages into machine code is also emphasized, providing a comprehensive foundation for understanding computer systems.

Takeaways

• 💻 A computer system is a programmable electronic device that processes input data according to programmed instructions and presents the output for meaningful use.
• 🔧 The computer system comprises two main components: hardware (physical parts like keyboard, monitor, CPU) and software (programs and operating systems).
• 🖥️ Hardware components are the physical parts of a computer, including input devices like keyboard and mouse, and internal components like the CPU and monitor.
• 📚 Software components are essential for the computer to function, including application software for user tasks and system software like the operating system to manage hardware.
• 🔄 The architecture of a computer system can be divided into four major functional units: input, memory, central processing unit (CPU), and output.
• 🔠 The CPU, often referred to as the processor or microprocessor, is the brain of the computer, executing program instructions and providing processing power.
• 💾 Memory units consist of various types of storage, including RAM, cache, and disk memory, which are used to store data and program instructions during execution.
• 📈 The computer system has key characteristics such as speed, accuracy, storage capacity, fast decision-making, and the ability to perform repeated tasks without error.
• 🛠️ A computer is programmable, meaning it performs tasks directed by a set of instructions known as a computer program.
• 🔢 Computers process data, converting raw data into meaningful information, which is essential for decision-making and various applications.
• 🔢 The computer operates as a digital electronic machine, understanding and executing binary machine instructions, which are sequences of zeros and ones.
• 🔄 Program compilation is the process of converting high-level programming languages into low-level machine code that the CPU can execute, facilitated by a compiler.

Q & A

What is a computer system as defined in the video?

A computer system is defined as a programmable electronic device that can be programmed to accept input data, process it as per the program instructions, and then present the processed data to the user as an output.

What are the two main types of components in a computer system?

The two main types of components in a computer system are hardware components and software components.

Can you name some hardware components mentioned in the video?

Some hardware components mentioned in the video include the keyboard, display monitor, mouse, CPU, and other physical parts of the computer.

What are the two types of software components in a computer system?

The two types of software components in a computer system are application software and system software.

What is the role of the operating system in a computer system?

The operating system is the most important system software that provides an interface for the user to interact with the system, and it manages and operates the various hardware components connected to the system.

What are the four major functional units of a computer system as described in the video?

The four major functional units of a computer system are the input unit, memory unit, central processing unit (CPU), and output unit.

What is the function of the memory unit in a computer system?

The memory unit in a computer system stores data and program instructions during program execution. It includes various types of memory such as disk memory, RAM, cache memory, and CPU registers.

How does the CPU contribute to the functioning of a computer?

The CPU, also known as the brain of the computer, provides processing power by executing computer programs and handling all arithmetic and logical operations.

What are some important characteristics of a computer system?

Important characteristics of a computer system include speed, accuracy, storage capacity, ability to make fast decisions, and the ability to perform repeated tasks continuously.

Why is the computer referred to as a 'digital electronic machine'?

The computer is referred to as a 'digital electronic machine' because it contains electronic components and operates using digital signals, understanding only binary language (0 and 1).

What is the role of a compiler in a computer system?

The compiler translates high-level human-readable programming languages into low-level machine code in binary, which the CPU can directly execute. This process is called program compilation.

Outlines

00:00

💻 Introduction to Computer Systems

This paragraph introduces the concept of computer systems, defining them as programmable electronic devices that accept, process, and output data. It distinguishes between hardware and software components, with hardware being the physical parts like the keyboard and CPU, and software comprising application and system software. The importance of the operating system as the interface for user interaction is highlighted. The architecture of a computer system is explained through its functional units: input, memory, CPU (central processing unit), and output. Each unit's role in the system's operation is described, emphasizing the CPU as the 'brain' of the computer responsible for executing programs.

05:03

🔍 Key Characteristics and Features of Computer Systems

The second paragraph delves into the characteristics and features that define computer systems. It mentions the high speed and remarkable accuracy of computers, their ability to store large volumes of data through various storage devices, and their capacity for fast decision-making based on program instructions. The paragraph also notes the computer's ability to perform repetitive tasks without interruption. Features discussed include the computer's programmability, its role in data processing, its operation as a digital electronic machine using binary (machine code), and the function of the microprocessor as the system's 'brain.' The importance of program compilation, where high-level languages are translated into machine code by a compiler, is also explained, providing a brief overview of the process and its significance in computer operation.

Keywords

💡Computer System

A computer system is defined as a programmable electronic device that can be instructed to accept input data, process it according to programmed instructions, and then present the processed data as output for the user. It is central to the video's theme as it sets the foundation for understanding the components, functions, and characteristics of a computer. The script describes the computer system as consisting of hardware and software components, which work together to perform tasks.

💡Hardware Components

Hardware components are the physical parts of a computer, such as the keyboard, display, monitor, mouse, CPU, and cabinet. These components are essential for the video's narrative as they form the tangible interface through which users interact with the computer system. The script mentions these components to emphasize the physical aspect of a computer system.

💡Software Components

Software components are the non-physical, programmatic parts of a computer system that dictate how the hardware operates. The script distinguishes between two types of software: application software, which is used by the user for specific tasks, and system software, which manages and operates the hardware. This concept is crucial to the video's message as it explains how computers execute tasks and manage operations.

💡Operating System

The operating system is the most important system software in a computer, providing an interface for the user to interact with the system and managing the execution of other application software. It is highlighted in the script as the key component that facilitates the functioning of the computer by coordinating between the user, application software, and hardware.

💡Functional Units

Functional units refer to the specific areas of functionality within a computer system. The script outlines four major units: input, memory, central processing unit (CPU), and output. These units are vital to the video's theme as they describe the process flow from data entry to processing and finally to the presentation of results.

💡Input Unit

The input unit consists of devices like the keyboard, mouse, and scanner, which are used to enter data into the computer system. The script explains that the primary function of the input unit is to accept data from these devices, making it a critical component for initiating any computer task.

💡Memory Unit

The memory unit is responsible for storing data and program instructions during execution. It includes various types of memory such as disk memory, RAM, cache memory, and CPU registers. The script emphasizes the importance of the memory unit in retaining information necessary for the computer's operations.

💡Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU, also known as the processor or microprocessor, is described in the script as the brain of the computer, providing the processing power. It executes computer programs, making it the core component for performing calculations and logical operations, which is integral to the video's explanation of how computers process data.

💡Output Unit

The output unit comprises devices like the display monitor, printer, and projector, which present the processed data to the user. The script explains that the output unit's main function is to display the results of the computer's processing, completing the cycle from input to output.

💡Characteristics of Computer System

The script outlines four key characteristics of computer systems: speed, accuracy, storage, and the ability to make fast decisions and perform repeated tasks. These characteristics are essential to understanding the capabilities and advantages of computers over human computation and are highlighted to emphasize the efficiency and reliability of computer systems.

💡Programmable

The term 'programmable' refers to the ability of a computer to follow a set of instructions, known as a computer program, to perform specific operations. The script explains that this is a fundamental concept, as it dictates how computers execute tasks based on the instructions they are given, underlining the flexibility and utility of computer systems.

💡Data Processing

Data processing is the act of converting raw data into meaningful information through a computer's operations. The script describes this as one of the most common uses of computers, emphasizing the importance of processing in making data useful for tasks such as decision-making within organizations.

💡Digital Electronic Machine

A computer is referred to as a digital electronic machine because it operates using electronic components and understands the binary number system, consisting of only zeros and ones. The script explains this concept to illustrate how computers fundamentally operate and execute machine instructions, which is key to understanding computer architecture.

💡Machine Language

Machine language, also known as machine code, is the lowest-level programming language understood directly by a computer's CPU. The script mentions that all high-level programming languages must be compiled into machine language for the computer to execute, which is a crucial concept in understanding how software interacts with hardware.

💡Program Compilation

Program compilation is the process of translating high-level programming language code into low-level machine code that the CPU can execute. The script explains that compilers are used for this purpose, which is essential for understanding how software development translates into executable computer operations.

Highlights

A computer system is defined as a programmable electronic device that processes input data according to programmed instructions.

The computer system consists of hardware and software components, with hardware being the physical parts and software managing operations.

Application software is used by users for tasks, while system software, like the operating system, is used internally by the computer.

The architecture of a computer system includes four major functional units: input, memory, CPU, and output.

The input unit accepts data from devices like keyboards and mice.

Memory unit stores data and program instructions using various types of memory.

The CPU, or central processing unit, is the brain of the computer, executing program instructions.

The output unit presents processed data through devices like monitors and printers.

Computers are characterized by high speed, accuracy, storage capacity, fast decision-making, and the ability to perform repeated tasks.

A computer is programmable, meaning it follows a set of instructions called a computer program.

Data processing is a primary use of computers, converting raw data into meaningful information.

Computers are digital electronic machines that understand and execute binary, or machine, instructions.

The microprocessor functions as the computer's brain, performing arithmetic and logical operations.

Program compilation is the process of converting high-level programming language code into machine code for execution by the CPU.

High-level languages like C, Java, and Python must be compiled into binary machine code for the CPU to execute.

The tutorial provides a detailed introduction to the computer system and its fundamental concepts.

The video concludes with an invitation to subscribe for more computer science tutorials.

Transcripts

welcome to

learncomputerscienceonline.com

and in this video we are going to

discuss a simplified introduction to the

computer system

this video tutorial is specially

designed for the beginners to learn the

fundamental concepts related to computer

we will study the definition of computer

various components of computer system

important characteristics and features

of computer and how computer works

let us start with a simple introduction

to the computer system

a computer system is defined as a

programmable electronics device that can

be programmed to accept the input data

then process this input data as per the

program instructions

the computer then presents the processed

data to the user as an output

the user can utilize the process data

for some meaningful work

the computer system mainly consists of

two types of components the first type

is called the hardware components and

the second type is called the software

components the hardware components are

the physical parts of the computer such

as keyboard display monitor mouse cpu

cabinet and other such parts

the computer system needs two types of

software components to function

the first type is called the application

software and the second type is called

the system software

the application software is directly

used by the system user to perform

different tasks on the computer

such as microsoft ward and powerpoint

whereas the system software is a special

type of software that is internally used

by the computer itself to manage and

operate the various hardware components

connected to the system

the operating system is the most

important system software used by the

computer

the operating system basically provides

an interface to the user to interact

with the system

let us now understand the architecture

of the computer system in terms of the

functional units

the entire functioning of the computer

can be grouped into various functional

units

let us understand some important

functional units of the computer system

with the help of a computer block

diagram

the computer system working can be

grouped into four major units

each unit performs a specific function

in the working of a computer

the four major units of the computer

units are first input unit

second memory unit third central

processing unit

also commonly referred to as cpu and the

fourth unit is called output unit

the input unit consists of various input

devices connected to the computer system

such as keyboard mouse scanner

the main function of the input unit is

to accept the data received from the

input devices

the next unit is called memory unit the

computer memory unit consists of

different types of memories used to

store the data and the program

instructions during the program

execution

the computer uses different types of

memories such as disk memory random

access memory called ram cache memory

and the cpu memory registers

the next unit of the computer is called

the central processing unit and it is

abbreviated as cpu

the cpu is also commonly referred to as

processor or a microprocessor

the cpu is the brain of the computer and

provides the processing power to the

computer system

the main function of the cpu is to

execute the computer program

the fourth unit of the computer is

called the output unit the output unit

consists of various output devices

connected to the computer system such as

display monitor printer projector and

other output devices

the main function of the output unit is

to present the processed data by the

computer all right so far we have

discussed various functional units of

the computer

let us now move on to the next topic

that is important characteristics of the

computer system

the computer system has four important

characteristics

these characteristics are first speed

second accuracy third storage fourth

fast decisions and fifth ability to

perform repeated tasks

the computer can operate at very high

speed the computers can also operate

with remarkable accuracy without any

mistake

the computer also provides different

types of storage devices to store the

large volumes of data

the processor inside the computer is

designed to take fast decisions as per

the program instructions

similarly the computer can work

continuously and repetitively perform

the programmed operations without any

break

let us now move on to the next topic

that is important features of the

computer system

the computer system has some important

features

these features are first the computer as

a programmable the term programmable

means each task performed by the

computer is directed by the set of

instructions

this set of instructions is called as a

computer program

the computer program directs the

computer system to perform specific

operations

in other words the computer will perform

the task only as per the program

instructions

second the computer is used to process

the data the data processing is one of

the most common use of the computers

the computer process the raw data and

produces the information

the data cannot be meaningfully used in

the raw form the raw data needs to be

first converted to processed data so

that it can be used for some meaningful

work such as decision making within an

organization

third the computer as digital electronic

machine the computer is called a digital

electronic machine because it contains

electronic components and

computer needs an electric current to

operate

the term digital simply means the

computer understands the language of

only zero and one called the binary

number system

the computer can understand and execute

instructions written only in binary

these instructions are called machine

instructions the machine instructions in

binary consist of only two numeric

numbers that is either zero or one

the cpu can execute the program

instructions encoded in machine language

the machine instructions consist of

sequence of only two numeric numbers

that is either zero or 1.

the binary code is also referred to as

machine code or machine language

the computer's microprocessor works as a

brain the processor performs all the

arithmetic calculations and also handles

the logical operations

the program compilation is another

important fundamental concept related to

the computer that you should be aware of

the computer programs are written using

any high-level human-readable

programming language such as c language

java and python

however the computer processor can

decode and execute instructions only in

machine code in binary

so it doesn't really matter in which

high-level programming language you

write the program code because

eventually all high-level computer

programs must be first converted to

low-level machine code in binary that

cpu can directly execute

the compiler is used to translate the

high-level program into low-level

machine code in binary

this conversion process is called the

program compilation for more information

on this topic please read the detailed

article on our website

learncomputerscienceonline.com

for more details

all right that brings to the end of this

tutorial on introduction to computer

system and some its important features

in this tutorial we have discussed in

detail some important the fundamental

concepts related to the computer

we have also studied the definition of

computer various components of computer

system important characteristics and

features of computer and how computer

works

if you have liked this video then please

give us a thumbs up and consider

subscribing to this channel

thanks for watching and i will see you

soon with another interesting computer

science tutorial

[Music]