Piagam Jakarta: Debat Abadi Dasar Negara | Buka Data

Summary

The script delves into the historical intricacies of Indonesia's foundational principles, focusing on the debates surrounding Pancasila and the Jakarta Charter. It highlights the pivotal role of Soekarno and Hatta in shaping the nation's ideology, the controversy over the first principle of the state, and the significant amendments made during the PPKI meetings. The narrative also touches on the attempt to refine the constitution in the 1950s and the ultimate decision to uphold the 1945 Constitution, emphasizing the unification of the diverse Indonesian people under a single guiding principle.

Takeaways

• 📜 The script discusses the historical context of the Indonesian state ideology, Pancasila, and its formulation during the drafting of the HIV law, referencing historical speeches and debates.
• 🗣️ It mentions the importance of Soekarno's speech on June 1, 1945, and its connection to the final formulation of Pancasila on August 18, 1945, highlighting the ideological debates that took place during the nation's founding.
• 🤝 The script refers to the 'Piagam Jakarta' as a result of a compromise between secular nationalists and Islamic nationalists, indicating the initial formulation of the state's foundational principles.
• 🔊 Controversies arose over the first principle of the 'Piagam Jakarta', with religious representatives expressing concerns about its implications for their respective faiths and traditional laws.
• 🏠 The script describes a meeting at Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, where a small committee drafted the opening of the constitution, known as 'Piagam Jakarta', which was a significant step in the nation's ideological foundation.
• 🔄 Despite initial resistance, the first principle of 'Piagam Jakarta' was upheld after discussions and was later changed to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' during the PPKI meeting, reflecting a significant amendment known as 'Hatta's change'.
• 📝 The script outlines the ongoing debates and attempts to perfect the constitution, with the 'Piagam Bandung' being proposed as a compromise to recognize 'Piagam Jakarta' as a historical document influencing the 1945 Constitution.
• 🚫 The script notes the rejection of the 'Piagam Bandung' by Islamic groups and the eventual dissolution of the Constituante by Soekarno through Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959, which established the 1945 Constitution as the definitive law.
• 🔗 The 'Piagam Jakarta' is mentioned as a vital link that inspired the 1945 Constitution and is considered part of the unity framework with the constitution, despite historical and ideological disputes.
• 📚 The script reflects on the historical significance of these documents and debates, emphasizing the real events and discussions that shaped the Indonesian state's ideological foundation.

Q & A

What is the historical significance of the date June 1, 1945, in the context of the script?

June 1, 1945, is significant as it marks the date of Soekarno's historic speech, which is considered foundational to the formulation of the Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state.

What does the term 'RUU HIV' refer to in the script, and why is it mentioned in relation to Fricella and Eka Cila?

The term 'RUU HIV' refers to the 'Rancangan Undang-Undang HIV,' or the draft law on HIV in Indonesia. It is mentioned in relation to Fricella and Eka Cila as they are advocating for the inclusion of religious and cultural diversity in the law, referencing historical speeches and the formulation of Pancasila.

What is the connection between the Pancasila and the 'Piagam Jakarta' as discussed in the script?

The 'Piagam Jakarta' is considered a precursor to the Pancasila. It was a draft of the opening of the constitution formulated during a meeting at Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, and it influenced the final formulation of the Pancasila on August 18, 1945.

Who were the representatives from the Protestant and Catholic communities, and what was their concern regarding the first principle of the 'Piagam Jakarta'?

The script does not provide specific names for the representatives from the Protestant and Catholic communities. Their concern was that the first principle of the 'Piagam Jakarta,' which referred to a monotheistic belief, would conflict with their religious beliefs and potentially lead them to stand outside the Republic of Indonesia.

What was the compromise reached during the PPKI meeting on August 18, 1945, regarding the first principle of the state?

The compromise reached during the PPKI meeting was to change the first principle from 'belief in one God' to 'belief in the one and only God (Ketuhanan yang maha esa),' which was a modification proposed by Wahid Hasyim and accepted by the PPKI to unite all ethnic groups.

Why was the 'Piagam Bandung' offered to the Constituent Assembly by President Soekarno in 1959?

The 'Piagam Bandung' was offered as a compromise to acknowledge the 'Piagam Jakarta' as a historical document that preceded and influenced the 1945 Constitution. This was an attempt to resolve the ongoing debate on the state's foundation and to incorporate the input of various groups.

What was the role of Teuku Muhammad Hasan, an expert in law from Aceh, in the discussions around the 'Piagam Jakarta'?

Teuku Muhammad Hasan was invited by Hatta to mediate the debate between Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, a figure from Muhammadiyah, and Wahid Hasyim. His involvement was part of the effort to reach a consensus on the first principle of the state.

What was the significance of the meeting at Soekarno's house on June 22, 1945, and what document was produced there?

The meeting at Soekarno's house was significant as it led to the drafting of the 'Piagam Jakarta,' which was a preliminary version of the opening of the constitution and served as a basis for the discussions that led to the Pancasila.

What was the final decision regarding the first principle of the state in the 1945 Constitution, and why was it changed?

The final decision was to change the first principle to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' (the one and only God), which was done to accommodate the concerns of religious communities and to foster unity among the diverse ethnic and religious groups in Indonesia.

What was the impact of the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 1959 on the discussions about the state's foundation?

The dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 1959 by President Soekarno halted the discussions on the state's foundation. The 'Piagam Jakarta' was acknowledged in the decree that reinstated the 1945 Constitution as the country's fundamental law, but the debate on the state's foundation was left unresolved.