Ancient History of India Series | Lecture 10: Ashoka The Great | GS History by Aadesh | UPSC

Summary

The script delves into the life of Ashoka the Great, a ruler of the Maurya Dynasty in India, renowned for transforming from a ruthless conqueror to a promoter of peace and Buddhism. It discusses his early reign marked by cruelty, the pivotal Battle of Kalinga, and his subsequent conversion to Buddhism, which led to the propagation of his philosophy of 'Dharma' across his vast empire. The narrative also touches upon his architectural contributions, including the establishment of Ashokanagar and the famous Ashoka Chakra, and his legacy that continues to inspire, despite the decline of the Maurya Dynasty after his death.

Takeaways

• 😀 Ashoka the Great is renowned for his transformation from a cruel ruler to a promoter of peace and non-violence, leaving a significant impact on history.
• 🏰 Ashoka inherited a powerful empire from the Maurya Dynasty and expanded it to its largest extent, including regions from the Himalayas to the Brahmaputra.
• 🌏 The Kalinga War was a turning point for Ashoka, leading to his conversion to Buddhism and a deep regret for the destruction caused by his military campaigns.
• 🕉 Ashoka's reign is marked by his promotion of Buddhism, including the organization of the Third Buddhist Council and the spread of Buddhist teachings across his empire and beyond.
• 📜 Ashoka is known for his edicts, inscribed on stone pillars and rocks, which communicated his policies on religion, morality, and governance to his subjects.
• 🛕 Ashoka is credited with the construction of numerous stupas and monuments, including the famous Sanchi Stupa, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 🌱 His policy of Dhamma was influenced by Buddhist philosophy, advocating for the middle path, avoiding extremes, and promoting tolerance and respect for all religions.
• 👥 Ashoka's governance included a focus on the welfare of his citizens, with initiatives in healthcare, education, and the well-being of travelers and animals.
• 🔄 Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism is a subject of debate among historians, with some suggesting it was influenced by Moggaliputta Tissa or his son, Mahinda.
• 🌐 Ashoka's legacy extends beyond India, influencing the spread of Buddhism to Southeast Asia, Tibet, China, and Japan, contributing to its status as a world religion.
• 🏛 Ashoka's architectural contributions are significant, with the Ashoka Pillar and the Lion Capital, featured on the Indian National Emblem and Flag, symbolizing his emphasis on Dhamma.

Q & A

Who is Ashoka the Great, and what is his significance in Indian history?

Ashoka the Great was a ruler of the Maurya Dynasty in India who transformed the empire into one of the most powerful kingdoms in India. He is known for his unique life trajectory and for spreading the message of peace and Buddhism throughout his empire and beyond.

What was Ashoka's initial reputation before his transformation?

Initially, Ashoka was known as a cruel and ruthless ruler, particularly after the Battle of Kalinga, which resulted in massive bloodshed and suffering. This event marked a turning point in his life.

What significant event led to Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism?

Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism was a direct result of the horrors he witnessed following the Battle of Kalinga. The immense loss of life and destruction led him to embrace the principles of non-violence and Buddhism.

What is the historical context of Ashoka's rule?

Ashoka's rule began around 269 BCE, following the death of his father, Bindusara. His reign was marked by expansionist policies that led to the growth of the Maurya Empire from the Himalayas to the Deccan plateau and from the Brahmaputra to the Indus river.

What was the nature of Ashoka's rule after his conversion to Buddhism?

After his conversion, Ashoka became a promoter of non-violence, peace, and the teachings of Buddhism. He spread these principles through his empire and beyond, influencing the political and cultural landscape of the time.

What is the significance of the Third Buddhist Council in Ashoka's reign?

The Third Buddhist Council, organized by Ashoka around 240 BCE, aimed to address corruption within the Buddhist monastic community and to spread Buddhism across different regions. It was a significant event that helped to consolidate and propagate Buddhist teachings.

What were the key principles of Ashoka's Dhamma policy?

Ashoka's Dhamma policy was influenced by the teachings of Gautama Buddha and promoted principles such as non-violence, truthfulness, respect for elders, and humane treatment of animals. It also emphasized religious tolerance and the welfare of all citizens.

What architectural contributions did Ashoka make to Indian history?

Ashoka is credited with the construction of numerous stupas and pillars across his empire, many of which are now recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. His architectural contributions also include the city of Ashokanagar and the use of the Ashoka Chakra in the Indian national flag.

What is the significance of the Ashoka Chakra in the Indian national flag?

The Ashoka Chakra in the Indian national flag is a symbol of the principles of non-violence and peace that Ashoka promoted. It is a representation of the wheel of law and is a direct architectural influence from Ashoka's time.

What are some of the legends associated with Ashoka's construction of stupas?

Legends attribute the construction of over 84,000 stupas to Ashoka, including the division of Buddha's relics into 84,000 boxes and the subsequent construction of stupas over them. The most famous of these is the Sanchi Stupa, renowned for its grandeur.

What is the legacy of Ashoka, and how is it viewed in modern society?

Ashoka's legacy is one of religious tolerance, peace, and the promotion of ethical governance. His policies and life story continue to inspire modern societies, especially in the context of war and communalism, making him a figure of enduring historical significance.