B1-B2. Lesson 89 (30/07/2024)

Summary

The video script features a brainstorming session on innovative business projects. Participants discuss the 'Skylift' air taxi concept, addressing urban traffic congestion, and the 'POW' pet washing service, utilizing Soviet-era architectural features for convenient pet cleaning. They also explore the Trash Factory idea and touch on reported speech grammar, with a focus on tense transformations and time reference adjustments. The session includes project pitches, creative brainstorming, and language exercises, fostering a collaborative and educational environment.

Takeaways

• 🚀 The first project 'Skylift' aims to solve traffic congestion by offering flying taxi services, utilizing the open airspace above urban areas.
• 🌐 The 'Skylift' pitch emphasizes the unlimited potential of air travel compared to congested roads and assures safety with certified pilots.
• 💡 The idea behind 'Skylift' considers future scalability, suggesting that as the service becomes more popular, costs will decrease.
• 🤔 Concerns are raised about potential future sky traffic jams, but the presenter believes that the 3D space above cities can accommodate growth.
• 📈 The second project, 'Pow', focuses on a service for pet owners, offering a convenient pet washing solution using a 'window of opportunity' in Soviet-era homes.
• 🐾 'Pow' introduces a subscription model for pet cleaning, including a special app for owners to monitor the cleaning process and a pneumatic tube for pet return.
• 📊 The discussion includes the importance of understanding reported speech in English, including the transformation of tenses when reporting what others have said.
• 📚 The script covers the 'waterfall rule' of reported speech, illustrating how tenses shift backward in time with each level of reporting.
• 🗓 Time expressions also change in reported speech to reflect the distance from the original speech time to the reporting time.
• 📝 As homework, participants are asked to complete exercises on reported speech, watch a YouTube video, and report the content using various reporting verbs.
• 📅 The next meeting is scheduled for Friday at 4 pm, where the group will continue discussions and possibly hear a new project pitch.

Q & A

What is the name and concept of M's business project?

M's business project is called 'Skylift,' a fantasy taxi service aiming to alleviate traffic congestion by offering flying taxi services, utilizing the open space above buildings.

What is the main issue Skylift aims to solve with its service?

Skylift aims to solve the problem of traffic jams by offering an alternative mode of transportation that uses the airspace above roads, which is less congested.

How does the pitch for Skylift describe the current traffic situation?

The pitch describes the current traffic situation as frustrating, with people wasting hours in traffic jams due to narrow roads and an excessive number of cars.

What is the unique selling proposition of Skylift according to the pitch?

Skylift's unique selling proposition is the use of airspace for transportation, providing a novel solution to traffic congestion with skilled pilots and security certifications ensuring passenger safety.

What concerns does Kate raise about the potential for future sky traffic jams?

Kate raises concerns about the possibility of sky traffic jams in the future, questioning what might happen after 10 years if the service becomes popular.

How does M respond to Kate's concern about sky traffic jams?

M responds by stating that the airspace above buildings has much more capacity than road space and suggests the potential use of different layers or 'echelons' of airspace, similar to how planes use different altitudes.

What is the cost implication of using Skylift according to M?

M admits that the service might be expensive initially but believes it will become cheaper as it becomes more widespread and popular.

What is the name and concept of the pet cleaning service presented by Kate?

The pet cleaning service is called 'Pow' with the motto 'keeping P clean one wash at a time.' It offers a convenient way for pet owners to clean their pets using a special entrance and cleaning process.

How does the pet cleaning service handle the cleaning process for pets?

The service uses a 'window of opportunity' in Soviet-style houses, where pets enter through a separate entrance, get rinsed, soaped, brushed, and dried, and then returned to their owners through a pneumatic tube.

What is the subscription model mentioned for the pet cleaning service?

The subscription model for the pet cleaning service is suggested as the future of startups, although the specifics of the model are not detailed in the script.

What is the potential issue with the pet cleaning service regarding different breeds of dogs?

The potential issue raised is whether the service can accommodate different breeds of dogs, especially those of different sizes, ensuring they can fit in the cleaning and pneumatic tube systems.

What is the name and concept of Nikita's project mentioned at the end of the script?

Nikita's project is called 'Trash Factory,' but the script does not provide further details about the concept of the project.

What is the main topic of the grammar discussion in the script?

The main topic of the grammar discussion is reported speech, including the rules for changing tenses and time references when reporting what others have said.

How does the script explain the transformation of tenses in reported speech?

The script explains that in reported speech, present tenses become past tenses, and past tenses become deeper past tenses, with the exception of past perfect and past perfect continuous, which do not change further.

What are the time reference adjustments made in reported speech according to the script?

Time references in reported speech are adjusted to reflect the distance from the time of speaking. For example, 'now' becomes 'then,' 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day,' and 'next week' becomes 'the following week'.

What is the homework assignment related to reported speech as mentioned in the script?

The homework assignment involves completing project SE six, grammar bank exercises from the unit, watching a YouTube video and noting down six words or phrases for each conversation, and writing a five-sentence report using different verbs of reporting instead of 'said.'

Outlines

00:00

🚀 Skylift: A Futuristic Taxi Service Concept

The first paragraph introduces a business project named 'Skylift,' a fantasy taxi service aiming to alleviate traffic congestion by utilizing the airspace above buildings. The pitch highlights the frustration with traffic jams and presents an innovative solution where customers order a flying taxi to bypass ground traffic. The service is positioned as a safe and efficient alternative to traditional road transport, with skilled pilots and security certifications. Questions about the long-term feasibility of aerial traffic and the cost of the service are addressed, with an emphasis on scalability and potential for reduced costs over time.

05:01

🤔 Discussion on Skylift's Impact and Learnings

In the second paragraph, the discussion revolves around the potential impact of Skylift on urban traffic and the learning experience from the project. The participants express appreciation for the innovative idea, especially considering the severity of city congestions. They also share personal interest in trying the service and discuss the possibility of it being tested in China. The speaker reflects on what they learned from the project, including pitching techniques and utilizing AI technologies for generating names and logos.

10:02

🐾 Pet Wash Service: A Novel Business Pitch

The third paragraph presents a new business idea focused on improving the lives of pet owners by offering a convenient pet washing service. The service, named 'Pow,' is designed to make pet cleaning hassle-free, especially during seasons when pets tend to get dirty. The concept involves using a 'window of opportunity' in Soviet-style houses to create a separate entrance for pets to be cleaned thoroughly and then returned to their owners through a special pneumatic tube. The summary also touches on the subscription-based business model and the potential for the service to be adapted for different pet breeds.

15:05

📝 Addressing Queries on Pet Wash Service Operations

This paragraph delves into the operational aspects of the pet wash service, addressing questions about the service's applicability to different pet types and breeds. It confirms that the service is currently limited to dogs and discusses potential adaptations needed for other pets. The conversation also includes a humorous anecdote about a shaving machine and the importance of considering individual differences in any innovative solution.

20:07

🌿 Introducing the 'Trash Factory' Project

In the fifth paragraph, a new project called 'Trash Factory' is briefly introduced, hinting at an idea for waste management and city improvement. The speaker expresses excitement about presenting the project in more detail at a later date, suggesting a commitment to contributing innovative solutions for a better urban environment.

25:07

📚 Reported Speech and Intellectual Property Concerns

The sixth paragraph discusses the complexities of reported speech in English, including tense transformations and the use of reporting verbs. It also touches on a personal anecdote involving the sharing of a book related to design thinking methodology, which may have intellectual property implications. The conversation highlights the importance of respecting intellectual property rights, even within an educational context.

30:09

📈 Understanding Tenses in Reported Speech

This paragraph provides an in-depth explanation of how tenses work in reported speech, using a visual representation likened to a 'waterfall' to illustrate the concept. It explains the transformation of present tenses to past tenses and the limitations of English in expressing actions that occurred before the past perfect. The summary emphasizes the importance of adjusting time references to maintain clarity in reported speech.

35:11

📝 Practical Application of Reported Speech Rules

The eighth paragraph focuses on the practical application of reported speech rules through exercises. It discusses the transformation of various tenses from present to past and the optional changes for past perfect tenses. The conversation also clarifies the use of time expressions in reported speech, adjusting them to reflect the distance from the moment of speaking.

40:13

📚 Homework Assignment and Future Meeting

In the final paragraph, the homework assignment is outlined, which includes completing a project, grammar exercises, and a task involving note-taking from a YouTube video while using a variety of reporting verbs. The paragraph concludes with confirmation of the next meeting time and a farewell, expressing hope for continued engagement with the material and anticipation of future contributions.

Keywords

💡Skylift

Skylift is the name of a hypothetical business project presented in the script, which seems to be a taxi service that operates by flying above traffic to avoid congestion. It is central to the theme of innovative transportation solutions for urban areas. In the script, Skylift is described as a service that could potentially solve traffic problems by utilizing the airspace above crowded city streets.

💡Traffic jams

Traffic jams are a common problem in urban areas, and they are a key issue that the Skylift project aims to address. The script mentions traffic jams as a motivation for the creation of the Skylift service, illustrating the frustration of being stuck in traffic and the desire for a more efficient means of transportation.

💡Motto

A motto is a slogan or phrase that represents the guiding principles or mission of an organization. In the script, the motto 'Towards New Horizons' is attributed to the Skylift project, suggesting a forward-thinking and innovative approach to transportation.

💡Pilot

Pilots are the individuals who would operate the flying taxis in the Skylift project. The script emphasizes the importance of having skilled pilots with proper security certification to ensure the safety of passengers, highlighting the role of human expertise in the operation of advanced technology.

💡Pitch

A pitch is a sales presentation intended to persuade potential investors or customers about the merits of a product or service. The script includes a pitch for the Skylift project, which outlines its benefits and how it plans to alleviate traffic congestion through aerial transportation.

💡Intellectual property

Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols. In the script, there is a discussion about a book related to design thinking methodology, which is a form of intellectual property, and the potential issues that arose from sharing it without proper permissions.

💡Design thinking

Design thinking is a problem-solving approach that encourages innovation by following a process of empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing. The script mentions a book on design thinking, indicating the application of this methodology in the development of new ideas and projects, such as Skylift.

💡Reported speech

Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a linguistic construct where a speaker recounts what someone else has said. The script includes a detailed explanation of how reported speech works, including the transformation of tenses and time references when recounting what was originally said.

💡Tenses

Tenses in English grammar refer to the time-related forms of verbs. The script discusses the transformation of tenses in reported speech, explaining how present tenses change to past tenses and how past tenses go 'deeper' into the past when reported.

💡Visualization

Visualization in the context of the script refers to the graphical representation of concepts, such as the 'waterfall rule' for reported speech. The script mentions creating a visual aid to help understand the changes in tenses when converting direct speech to reported speech.

💡Homework

Homework is assigned tasks or exercises for students to complete outside of class. In the script, the instructor outlines the homework for the participants, which includes completing a project, grammar exercises, and watching a YouTube video with specific instructions for note-taking and reporting.

Highlights

Introduction of a business project named 'Skylift', a fantasy taxi service aiming to alleviate traffic congestion.

The 'Skylift' logo was created using logo AI, emphasizing a simple yet effective design.

The pitch for 'Skylift' highlights the solution to traffic jams by utilizing the airspace above cities.

Discussion on the potential of sky traffic jams as a future issue despite the current benefits of air taxis.

The cost of the 'Skylift' service is acknowledged to be high initially but expected to decrease with popularity.

Personal interest in the 'Skylift' project is expressed, with a consideration of its use in congested cities like Moscow.

A pilot project in China for air taxi services is mentioned, indicating real-world testing of the concept.

Introduction of a second project called 'Pow', focusing on a pet washing service for homeowners.

The 'Pow' service leverages a unique architectural feature of Soviet houses for pet cleaning.

A humorous take on a pet washing machine that uses a pneumatic tube to return pets to their owners.

The subscription-based model for the 'Pow' service is suggested as a sustainable business approach.

Concerns about the service's applicability to different pet breeds and sizes are addressed.

A third project idea, 'Trash Factory', is teased for a future presentation.

An educational discussion on reported speech and its rules in English grammar.

A visual representation of the 'waterfall rule' for understanding the changes in tenses during reported speech.

Explanation of how time expressions are adjusted in reported speech to reflect the distance from the reporting time.

Assignment of homework focusing on the practical application of reported speech rules.

The meeting concludes with a summary of the day's activities and a look forward to future projects.

Transcripts

it quite

small it quite small I didn't think that

I should I don't know read it or

something

else could

I uh yeah probably if you can share your

screen this would be probably even

better give me minut

please

um press screen

[Music]

three can you see

it uh yeah yes we can

absolutely all

right okay so just to remind you guys of

what we had to do

home this is the scope of the

project for Kate you and for you M for

reference yes it's in the chat

and you guys can see what we were

supposed to do so we can

compare uh Mel please go ahead and share

the the project and then Kate and I will

ask you

questions okay so uh

my business project is a Fant taxi it

names

Skylift and uh it's mot is is towards

New Horizons um logo was designed by uh

logo Ai

and um it doesn't have a big fantasy but

just play playing with fonts but still

it

looks

nice um okay the pitch is uh

uh here and I'm going to read it to

you we are all tired of traffic jams uh

you can wait hours in your car

simply starting at the wrong time roads

are to narrow to accommodate all the

cars and you spend your time sitting and

waiting no more traffic games just

imagine you order taxi as usual but you

don't try you fly roads are narrow but

space above buildings is unlimited you

can fly in any direction who needs RADS

we believe that the transport problem of

a big city can be resolved by using the

space above the surface our technology

is ready to meet expectations our

drivers are skillful pilots and the most

important with p security certification

you will be safe with us just righty

okay well this was a strong pitch I

would say was it not okay Kate I'm going

to ask you if you have question yes I

have uh two

question um

maybe uh mik okay what do you think

about traffic jam in the

sky because in the beginning uh it's uh

for example um it can be a very good uh

solve solving uh the problem but soltion

solution yes thank you uh but for

example what will happen after 10 years

uh what do you think can be it's also

the problem and can be create can we or

your Sky Lift create a traffic gem in

the

sky uh I don't think so because as I

mentioned before uh the space above

buildings are

[Music]

more much more space uh than on the

roads and I don't think that

we

[Music]

will we will I don't know find limits in

nearest Future and more moreover we can

use uh several layers of space for

example

uh I don't remember exactly how it named

in uh

air uh for planes they use different

echelons maybe

and uh and the in the same way we can

use different asons for our plan Taxi

mhm uh and the second question it's uh

how much it costs am I

right uh yeah um to be honest for now

it's um can be be expensive a bit but

when when it when it become massive and

popular it definitely become

cheaper

M okay

okay uh now it's all my

question mhm okay all right M really

appreciated the idea especially knowing

how bad the

congestions city congestions are even in

smaller cities let alone bigger cities

like

Moscow um would you use it

yourself definitely

[Music]

okay

and sorry sorry sorry uh I know that um

tests

are uh are take place in China and one

of my

thoughts is to go to China and try

it

mhm right uh

that is to say that they are actually

doing this right it's a pilot or

something right yeah for now it's U for

now it's uh how to say piloted drive

it pilot yeah pilot yeah pilot flies

with special Pilots but I pretty sure

that it become

more become

Commodities commodi

convenient convenient convenient okay

widespread wh spread

I okay that that sounds

good that sounds excellent okay in this

project you were supposed to answer some

questions the logo The Motto

yeah does the company do where is it

based what is it called

what type of people work

there what type of people work

there uh fful Pilots as I

mentioned

[Music]

yeah and why is the company based in

this particular place and what

advantages does the place have um it

placed in the big city uh because of

usual problem with traffic gems

there

I didn't Point specific City I think

that any any Capital can

suffer from

it all right well um that's fine for for

the substance of the project now let's

take a meta View of the project what did

you learn in this smaller

project

um I learned how to

pitch I try I tried different a AI

Technologies for example um I generated

Name by chpt and Logo by logo AI

[Music]

and I think mostly that's

all most interesting was to how how to

pitch

it all right so Kate would you be

interested in learning more about this

opportunity about skyex in Sky

LIF um I'm thinking because for example

here I mean um at at my work we have a

neighbor who has uh his I think so uh

own

helicopter and yes and it's amazing but

I never try to

um

um

the I forgot yes to ride me or uh I know

that some some of our uh managers I mean

top managers use helicopter of course uh

and especially Gman G of course yes and

for me it's just interesting experience

because I never tried

it but I at all at all

yeah I mean okay uh I AC accept yes

accept uh

accept of uh

airplanes I didn't count it uh but as

for City especially in Moscow I never

tried that's why I just I'm thinking

okay it will be great idea or not and

how how it can be um used by me I don't

know and I just

thinking but General I think it's a very

nice idea uh especially for big cities

like mosow it's a very nice uh decision

but uh um my brain try to find uh

disadvantages or maybe uh problems

because for example I don't know how uh

how it can

um what documents for example we need to

create uh to

um manage this situation I mean in the

air because we uh discuss not only one

Sky Lift am I right uh we discussed um

more than 10 Sky LIF for example from

different parts of the city and I I I

try uh imagine how it can be

realized I'm pretty sure that we can use

it gradu because for example when cars

appear uh uh the amount was very small

and they just ride around without any

rules but gradu here rules were

established and

[Music]

uh as we we can do it with air taxi as

well no maybe maybe you're right I try

to to imagine how it can be

yeah but in general it's a a very good

idea maybe you know maybe uh when uh y

uh talked uh about other countries I can

imagine okay no problem but as for

Russia I

think are you

sure we have a lot of problem with this

I

think maybe it's just because of Russia

I'm pretty sure the country have a lot

of problems

problem yeah with with new transport but

uh they at least they try to resolve it

yeah maybe maybe you're right yeah but

it's a good idea I

think you know what being inspired by

mik completing his project I want to

quickly pitch my project too M thanks so

much for being the Trailblazer in terms

of uh project six I want to just share

an idea for City Improvement yes well

done M uh City Improvement something

that would make the lives of many pet

owners better so let me just briefly

present another idea I hope you will

enjoy it as much as I do

um the

company is

called is it real project

yes uh just as real as M's project oh

okay the company is called

pow and our motto is keeping P clean one

wash at a time you see many home owner

are very tired of their furry

friends when they go out especially in

the spring or in the fall uh the pets

tend to get dirty the pets tend to uh

get mud and soil and and various dirt on

their fur and then it takes forever to

wash them especially because they

sometimes are

reluctant and this this is where we need

to praise Soviet Engineers for giving us

a window of

opportunity so Soviet

houses they have a special window of

opportunity uh right

here there is a separate entrance which

my startup wants to use so this entrance

will be used by the pet while the OWN

goes as regular through the front

door inside this

um special premises there will be a lot

of tools to make sure the pet is clean

let's take a closer

look oh this is this is a house by the

way just in case you didn't know so this

is what happens inside the house when

the dog enters through the window of

opportunity

the dog gets

rinsed then soap is applied to the dog

the dog is Thoroughly brushed with a

brush uh then there is um a rinsing

process so the dog becomes clean

again and uh this is how the dog becomes

well returns to its original Immaculate

condition so to it's factory factory

condition

uh the dog

then gets tried and the dog um becomes

the happiest version of itself and is

ready to return to its respective owner

which we do through wait a minute

through a special pneumatic tube

straight into the house of the

owner so um this pneumatic tube Works

approximately the way you've seen in Sam

Bank branches so they use it for

correspond us we are going to use it

for um and then eventually you get your

dog back but if you are worried at any

point during the process there is a

special app that allows you to watch as

your dog gets soaked then rinsed and

then washed and there is a detailed

report for the

sticklers so uh this is the idea of our

um company I hope you enjoyed it and are

ready to subscribe to

us yes I'm

excited right we are

waiting it's a game changer

right

yes what about price

I mean uh you need to create reconstruct

kovka no it's already there so okay it's

already okay Soviet Engineers thought

about this yeah oh okay so there's a

separate I I've sent a picture of first

um customer to our telegram chat yeah I

see yeah this could be uh a success

story right like a case on the

website uh with this

dog so yeah we we just need to have a

subscription based model because that's

that's the future of startups but in

principle yeah that's that's the idea

your

questions um on the picture uh you

um show us on

only dogs what about cats for example

can I try

to

um the same um plan or steps with a

cat cat can disagree with

you process yeah okay only dogs

yes well there they might need some

adaptations okay there might need some

recomendations and what about uh I don't

know how to say

par uh can you text it please um breed

what about breed uh of dogs uh why I ask

you because for example in my uh house

in my house house

okay leave uh so you're almost ready yes

leave uh a very interesting couple uh I

mean uh couple of dogs uh one of them is

uh oh I

forgot uh Dutch Dutch Dutch hunts um

ta oh I forgot really Dutch uh I think

it's no wait

uh just a second is

uh H Dutch hunt D Dutch

hunt duck hunt ah duck hunt right

du and uh it's one of the one of

the member uh and the second I don't

know the breed uh but uh the second he

or she I don't know also uh he's very

big uh like m maybe but not it's it's

just very uh tall and it's like

uh biger V also I don't know and they

are very uh different mhm what about

this situation when you have two dogs

but different breed breeds as long as

they fit in the tube that's fine oh it's

okay yeah yes no problem

yes it's just the size that we care

about not

the um yeah I remember a good

joke connected with this situation about

shaving when some man said that he

invented a shaving machine you need to

put your head into machine and it will

be shaved and his opponent said that

usually um heads of different people are

different have different SI how yeah how

to deal with it and inventor said that

it's just before the first

[Laughter]

shaving oh that's good yeah I like it

that's

perfect um okay so I hope uh you

appreciated the idea and your pets will

never be dirty

anymore let's that's an absolute must

I'll I'll try to rearrange the the

pictures for us to for Nikita to also

see that because I imagine that he would

be also

interested in

this um okay yeah like

this um

PA

was yeah that's for what we are

then um I hope that Kate your project

will follow in the

footsteps of M and um M's and

mine um you just need to imagine an idea

that would make our life so much better

I think you have by the way

right yeah M go ahead uh the funny point

that um when I prepared my project I was

thinking about um PMA PMA tube for for

the

people

yeah um similar to Futurama but under

the

surface yeah this is a kind of expected

right so like in some place on this

planet they will actually try do that

and then we'll see how it

works um good Kate inspired for your

project on Friday uh I H I had an idea

and also I have only half part of my

project and it's called trash

Factory trash Factory yes I will present

it on Friday of

course okay well your background says

that you do what you

say so you see yeah I I think I think

it's you know almost a

promise yes uh good now let's take a

look at where we are with reported

speech and Reporting

verbs um I think this is a fascinating

topic as we put it last time very

mathematical I want to know how you guys

are doing with the

visualization me too I I I I didn't

finish with

visualization but I will uh I can't use

uh

mirror can use excal dra excal oh okay

thank

you this might be your next oh yeah I um

I want to ask you about this yes it's I

like it

right what's wrong with with

mirror okay H what what's wrong with

mirror oh why can't you use it uh at

work I can't sorry because I I think

from uh and we can use only uh free

version yeah

without anything else but for

visualization it's it's it's okay mhm

can you seal draw is that all right can

you open now yes I I opened it yeah

perfect yeah so you're ready to go until

security guys don't know about it no I

hope so yeah

yeah because today uh today I I don't

know maybe after some days they um fired

me

no because about uh um about book it it

connect with book with um how to say

after skip

ra uh with IP intellectual property I

int int intell um

intellectual property have you steal

something property no h intellectual oh

intellectual ual property no I didn't

steal it's not about me I just uh I sent

uh one book to another people uh and uh

these people not from be bank and maybe

it will be a great and a big problem for

me

yes fiction not

Fiction it's a what what do you mean

repeat please I didn't fiction is like

Harry Potter no no no it's a it's about

uh design thinking methodology yeah but

uh uh the intellectual property

um to belong to uh some of um people who

worked uh in bank but now

they um leave us I don't know leave our

organization and we

forgot uh ask them about intellectual

property and something something this

forgot to ask

okay is it uh internal uh what does it

mean internal uh I mean uh some Internal

Documentation or road maps or PL

no no no describing products and so it's

only about design thinking methodology

and uh if you know uh design thinking

methodology is uh um it was created by

uh David kayy from Stanford University

it's oh okay I don't know and uh they

just uh translate some books from

Stanford to from English to

and they

uh create one step uh to me methodology

uh and it's a new book now that's why

it's

yeah it's very very hard sounds like

somebody stole the intellectual property

before you yes I agree with no worries

no worries um okay

oh with that in mind um how are you

doing M with the visualization of

reported speech

no I want to show you my

picture uh and I think it's a convenient

way to think of it okay because it's

very

straightforward right it's very direct

in English as you know we have a lot of

various tenses

a lot of

them um can you give me some

examples uh reported speech human mean

no no in principle what tenses do we

have in

English uh past if I'm not mistaken of

course plus

what past

simple past simple

and

okay we name all 10 of

them uh you can name all 12 but we can

start with a couple of

them um present simple present

continuous present perfect past simple

past continuous past

perfect future future simple future

continuous what I'm not sure about

future perfect but I remember future in

the past but uh I have never used

it well okay there's always a first uh

simple basically

continuous um perfect and there is a

subtype perfect

continuous um so there are four of them

in each

time and you can absolutely say that we

have a past simple continuous perfect

perfect continuous and the future

simple continuous perfect and perfect

continu it's all completely symmet

future perfect

means uh means some something will be

over by a point in the

future oh oh I will finished by for

example yeah yeah I will have finished

this project by the end of the

year right yes

so yeah there are 12 in total it's

completely symmetric now what happens in

reported speech reported speech gets

activated or triggered by phrases

similar to um he or she

said

that so if you hear this phrase if it

happens report is speech mode is enabled

reported speech mode will be in this

sentence that follows that and in this

sentence what was originally said by

somebody will need to be uh reverted one

t back this is the

principle for example if Kate

says yeah thanks uh if Kate says um I

like um

cats why not I like cats I don't like

this maybe you don't uh but we'll just

go along play along for the sake of the

example so we will say she

said that and this present simple in our

original uh sentence turns into

simple simple right so she said that she

instead of likes we will have like

C this is a pretty simple

transformation present simple to past

simple how can we translate this she

said that she liked

heads

luil right so this this would be a past

form which kind of implies that it may

not be true right now in Russian and in

English

right so now how this works um present

simple I'll just put present above the

past present simple becomes past

simple present continues

becomes h

sorry past continuous of course past

continuous present perfect becomes past

perfect uh what's happened with past

perfect that's a great question this is

why I've made a visual for this take a

look so it looks like a gigantic sink

this part right these are the present

tenses simple perfect perfect continuous

present continuous

so simple becomes simple perfect becomes

perfect and everything is

fine uh they all become past tense what

happens to a past continuous it tries to

go even further into the past and it

becomes the past perfect

continuous and the past simple becomes

the past perfect but in English we are

limited we don't have any other tenses

to use before them there is nothing in

the past

before a past perfect or perfect

continues and so this is the end of the

game this is the final level it doesn't

go any further into the past so the past

perfect continuous remains past perfect

continuous forever how regardless of how

many times we

report

okay let's imagine the sentence

um now

M

says for instance let's let's take a

past perfect something that is more

relatable at this level M can you give

me a sentence with the past

perfect

um I

had learned English before I meet

Glam oh

I had learned like completed right um

okay I had

ah I'm sorry uh I had passed um B1

English uh certificate or exam before I

met GB excellent before I met a glb

that's an excellent sentence because we

have a past perfect right here and we

have a past uh simple over

there now what happens is that we have

mik

said Michael said

that uh to

change this

one right nothing will happen to past

perfect he had

pass yeah he had pass becomes he had

past no

change right mhm past perfect remains

past perfect and this past

simple well kind of it should become

past perfect right so technically it

should be like

this Al although in reality this is

optional because this past perfect is

quite obviously

before this thing so you don't have too

um and this brings a little bit of

complexity to this because although you

should change

it in reality you don't don't have to if

it's very

clear the order of events is very clear

right um so yeah I would say this is

the textbook example of this sentence

and without had this is like a real

example of how the sentence would

be is the idea clear is it clear what

happens in reported

speech okay you have yes yes I got

it the next the next step uh I need to

remember the construction of the all all

the

times well they are all very symmetric

so if you know one you can construct all

the others from

it um the good news we don't do it for

every tense because in the future we

have a shortcut instead of changing

future to

present we'll just change will to

W and that's that's all basically for

all of them yes for all of them yes so

in the future we just change will toward

words they don't become

present uh but what about translation uh

in this case would

um we translate like

uh am I right I don't think the

translation

changes in Russian quite

straightforward mhm

in Russian we will have a future tense

still right I

just and in English it's wood this is a

conditional

thing so yeah this is what happens the

future ones are the easiest just change

will to Wood these guys you transform

from present to past from past to deeper

past and nowh go deeper yeah there is

nowhere at some point there is nowhere

else to go right there is the bottom of

the

S um any questions so far about the

waterfall

rule it's very hot after your

visualization to create uh a new

visualization I'm sorry you had your

chance you had your chance yes that was

the home task yeah

yeah may I don't know I don't like the

waterfall picture to be honest maybe

there is a better way to visualize

this um anyways um this is not

everything that happens because

also we use words

like um

now right at the moment

yesterday Maybe

let's say I like cats

now right okay says I like cats now I

didn't like before but now I

do when we report this okay for your

biography we will write she said that

she liked

cats uhuh then then

right

okay so now becomes

then here are a few more changes like

this so now becomes then or at that

moment to

my tomorrow becomes the next

day yesterday becomes the day before or

the previous

day in three days becomes three days

later think last week is uh fascinating

becomes the week before previous week

the preceding

week and next week becomes the week

after the following

week so as you can see absolute well

uh relative

references or what seems like relative

references originally in the original

sentence will need to be adjusted to be

relative

um

well to still be clear at the moment of

speaking because obviously tomorrow when

you say it when you report it is no

longer tomorrow it's the next

day

right so these are the time words that

we

change again any questions

please not

yet okay um tell me about the exercises

M have you tried the exercises at the

end of the book

um I've done it but I'm not sure do are

you talking about the same exercise or

not yeah yeah these ones this is

already okay let's try to figure this

out Kate how are you doing here uh I

missed it I did only about

podcast mhm and here unfortunately

no okay we have enough time I think yeah

let's try to figure this out Gina told

me

that okay I'll actually keep Gina on the

left told me that I really appreciate

good food told me that probably she

right it's a woman yes I really

appreciate present simple becomes what e

past simple so what's the correct answer

I can hear appreciate it good food okay

let's get uh quick validation I doing it

right yes we are doing everything

right can you clarify number

two uh something changes with your voice

yes I I think it's just because of hands

phone we can hear you but slightly

different voice very very so far like

you in

[Laughter]

London can you hear me now okay um yes

no let's go on still from computer Dam

it

okay one two three oh

great yeah so I don't know sometimes the

iPhone loses loses um the airpod

happens

randomly okay M number two please um his

mother his mother uh has had thrown

out had thrown out his favorite

t-shirt

his okay is MHM perfect keep number

three

you can go to the zoom for the next next

weekend our cousin Tom promised us

that

uh we you uh he maybe promised us we can

okay we uh could

go could

go to the zoom with uh him

uh what about next um next weekend um

following weekend but I'm not sure about

weekend oh oh

great number

four um

uh she had been

pretending pretending to be in a bad

mood uh the day

before mhm five

okay uh we would like yes uh to organize

good by party Force have fun this

afternoon we told our teacher

that uh

they no still we we oh okay we

um I don't know about wood the same wood

like doesn't change yes I think so would

like

uh w

wanted yeah well technically you could

change it to

wanted um but also you can say that W

doesn't change oh okay either way would

like to organize a good boy party for

Stefan

um um last

afternoon yeah no this

this afternoon it's like today to them

now it's not today

anymore

last no last is

like not not

plus I don't

know you can take it from Russian

tot um

those that oh that oh that

afternoon maybe this part hard for me I

don't I I can't uh

understand about time I will I will

write um read about it yeah when you are

originally saying this it's near you in

time or in place

and when you're reporting this you need

to show the distance so it's further

from you and instead of

a you will choose a more

distant right yeah okay now I got it

thank

you uh excellent you're right I'm not

really enjoying my time

here she

wasn't really

enjoying you

enjoy your time there oh there

yeah look at

this everything is green

okay so uh what you might be interested

in seeing apart from this field of

green is the document in case you're

interested I'm going to share it in our

telegram

chat this is the

reported

speech

presentation and I think it

contains um the most things you will

need to figure this

out right all the visuals all the tables

everything

and my hope is that this is sufficient

although if it's not you can absolutely

ask in the chat any

time let's adjust the homework to make

sure that we have something meaningful

to

do uh for

homework

um okay

copy and paste and explain what I think

would be

meaningful complete project SE uh six

for Kate ands

and grammar Bank exercises from this

unit what we were

doing

here and what a YouTube video a new one

or one you've recently

watched write down six words or phrases

for each conversation this is like

notes and then you share this YouTube

video in the chat and Report what the

speakers say in this

video only use the word sad

once and write at least three other

verbs other than S

maybe told maybe uh stated maybe

mentioned so I'm looking uh forward to

more verbs than just the most basic word

said

okay

um the report should be five sentences

plus is the home task clear is it clear

what you need to know I have a question

about only use

said uh once you mean um H the word set

mhm yeah so you cannot use it more than

once in all of uh five

sentences okay okay so you will need to

use something else right maybe told

maybe

mentioned look at the grammar uh there

are synonyms of set I think it would be

enough I remember only only

talk answer report answered

reported

okay

yeah all right well um we've done quite

a lot today including two projects um

two

pictures something for you to to um get

inspired by Kate and

Nikita uh we are meeting again on Friday

as always hopefully without uh changes

to the

schedule um and hopefully with the

project of

yours okay on Friday at 4 pm am I right

yes you're right thank you the Google

Calendar

yes okay thank you so much and see you

on Friday enjoy the theory on reported

speech I think it's very

fascinating and speak to you

soon bye okay bye bye thank you too bye