5 - Kingly duties

Stories From India
25 Feb 202419:43

Summary

TLDRIn this episode of 'Stories from India,' host Narad Muni, a mythological character with eternal life, narrates the tale of King Vikramaditya and the mysterious Rishi who gifts him mangoes containing precious gems. The story unfolds with puzzles and moral lessons, highlighting the king's wisdom and the Rishi's enigmatic nature. The episode also touches on the differences between betals and vampires, and promises future stories from the epic 'Ramayana.'

Takeaways

  • ๐ŸŽต The podcast 'Stories from India' focuses on Indian mythology, legends, and folktales.
  • ๐Ÿ‘ค The host, Narad Muni, is a mythological character with the gift of eternal life and knowledge of the past, present, and future.
  • ๐ŸŽถ Narad Muni is also a traveling musician and storyteller who shares stories through his podcast.
  • ๐Ÿ•Š The episode features a 'Betal', a creature often likened to a vampire but with distinct differences.
  • ๐ŸŽ The story involves a wise man, or 'Rishi', who gifts King Vikramaditya mangoes that contain valuable jewels inside.
  • ๐Ÿคด King Vikramaditya, despite a dark backstory, ruled with wisdom and fairness, listening to his people's problems and addressing them.
  • ๐Ÿ“œ The Rishi's gifts to the king were initially perplexing but later revealed to be incredibly valuable, prompting the king to seek the Rishi's motives.
  • ๐Ÿ“– The Betal tells King Vikramaditya a story involving three Rishis, each with heightened sensitivity to different stimuli.
  • ๐Ÿ† King Porus is highlighted as a character who, despite being defeated by Alexander the Great, earned respect and some of his land back due to his dignified stance.
  • ๐Ÿ“š The podcast will delve into the Ramayana, one of the two great epics of Indian mythology, in future episodes.
  • ๐Ÿ“ Listeners are encouraged to provide feedback and corrections to improve the podcast's content.

Q & A

  • What is the podcast 'Stories from India' about?

    -The podcast 'Stories from India' is about myths, legends, and folktales from India, hosted by a character named Narad Muni, who is a mythological character with the gift of eternal life and knowledge of the past, present, and future.

  • What is the significance of the betal in the podcast?

    -The betal is a creature in Indian mythology that is often compared to a vampire but has some differences. It is a reanimated corpse that loves to hang upside down on trees and is known for creating lateral thinking puzzles and telling stories.

  • How did King Vikramaditya become a king?

    -King Vikramaditya became a king by having his older brother killed, which is a backstory that might be considered quite dark. Despite this, he proved to be a fair and wise ruler.

  • What is the role of a Rishi in ancient Indian society as depicted in the podcast?

    -A Rishi in ancient Indian society was a wise man who was treated with great respect. Kings would often grant their wishes or listen to their predictions, which were usually vague and meant for the future.

  • Why did the Rishi give King Vikramaditya mangoes as gifts?

    -The Rishi gave King Vikramaditya mangoes as gifts, which initially seemed ordinary, but later revealed to contain valuable jewels inside, symbolizing the hidden value and wisdom that can come from unexpected places.

  • What was the king's reaction when he discovered the jewels inside the mangoes?

    -The king was surprised and immediately called the treasurer to examine the jewels. He decided to distribute the extra wealth to the people and wanted to speak to the Rishi to understand the motive behind the gifts.

  • What was the Rishi's request to King Vikramaditya in return for the gifts?

    -The Rishi requested King Vikramaditya to meet him at the crematorium on the next new moon night, where he would give further instructions.

  • How did King Vikramaditya manage to capture the betal without it escaping?

    -King Vikramaditya managed to capture the betal by not speaking a word, which prevented the betal from becoming less solid and escaping.

  • What is the story told by the betal about the three Rishis and their sensitivity?

    -The story told by the betal is about three Rishis who were sensitive to different stimuli: the taste of rice, the smell from a serving girl's hands, and the presence of a hair under mattresses. The third Rishi was deemed the most sensitive due to the visible physical effect on him.

  • What is the significance of the story told by the betal in the context of the podcast?

    -The story told by the betal serves as a lateral thinking puzzle and a metaphor for the importance of attention to detail and the ability to discern hidden truths.

  • What is the difference between a betal and a vampire according to the podcast?

    -A betal is a reanimated corpse that can fly and talk, often found hanging from trees near cemeteries. It is not a vampire, which is a fictional character made famous by Bram Stoker's Dracula, nor is it a zombie.

  • Who is the character of the week mentioned in the podcast, and what is known about him?

    -The character of the week is King Porus, a great warrior who ruled parts of the Punjab region around the 3rd Century BC. He is known for his encounter with Alexander the Great, where he impressed Alexander with his dignified stance and was treated with respect.

  • What is the next topic the podcast will cover?

    -The next topic the podcast will cover is the Ramayana, one of the two greatest epics of Indian mythology.

  • How can listeners provide feedback or suggestions for the podcast?

    -Listeners can provide feedback or suggestions by leaving a review on the podcast's website, SFI podcast.com, or by tweeting at the handle SFI podcast.

Outlines

00:00

๐ŸŽต Introduction to Stories from India Podcast ๐ŸŽต

The podcast 'Stories from India' is introduced by the host, Narad Muni, a mythological character with the gift of eternal life and omniscience. The show's format includes discussing Indian mythology stories and a 'Character of the Week' segment. The host, a traveling musician and storyteller, mentions the episode's focus on the BAL, a creature akin to a vampire but with distinct differences. The story of King Vikramaditya is teased, hinting at his controversial ascension to the throne and his reputation as a wise ruler. The episode also foreshadows a story involving a Rishi, a wise man, and the king's interaction with him.

05:00

๐ŸŽ The Rishi's Gift of Mangoes and the Discovery of Jewels ๐ŸŽ

A Rishi visits King Vikramaditya's court and gifts him a ripe mango, which the king passes on to his treasurer. This gift-giving continues daily, with each mango being stored. Eventually, the king is tempted to eat one and discovers a large ruby inside, not a seed. The royal jeweler confirms its immense value. The king orders the treasury to examine the rest of the mangoes, revealing more precious jewels. The treasurer advises the king to continue accepting the gifts without questioning the Rishi's motives, but the king insists on understanding the Rishi's intentions, leading to a meeting where the Rishi requests a meeting at the crematorium on the next new moon night.

10:01

๐Ÿ‘ป The King's Encounter with the Bethal and the Rishi's Challenge ๐Ÿ‘ป

The Rishi instructs King Vikramaditya to fetch a Bethal from a nearby tree at the crematorium. The king attempts to capture the Bethal multiple times, only for it to escape each time he speaks. The Bethal tells a story to pass the time, involving three Rishis with heightened sensitivities to various stimuli. The story serves as a lateral thinking puzzle, testing the king's wisdom. The Bethal's story within the story involves a king and three Rishis, each demonstrating extraordinary perception regarding rice grown near a crematorium, a serving girl's diet, and a single human hair under mattresses.

15:04

๐Ÿฐ Conclusion: The King's Wisdom and Upcoming Stories ๐Ÿฐ

The king correctly identifies the third Rishi from the Bethal's story as the most sensitive due to the physical evidence of his reaction. The Bethal, acknowledging the correct answer, escapes. The podcast concludes with the king continuing to capture and learn from the Bethal in future episodes. The host provides cultural context about Bethals, distinguishing them from both vampires and zombies, and hints at the story of King Porus and the upcoming epic of Ramayana. The host invites feedback and comments, thanks the listeners, and signs off with an invitation to join for the next episode.

Mindmap

Keywords

๐Ÿ’กNarad Muni

Narad Muni is a mythological character from Hindu mythology, known as a sage who is often depicted as a traveler and a divine messenger. In the context of the video, Narad Muni is the host of the podcast, symbolizing the storyteller's role in passing down ancient tales. His character is used to introduce the audience to the myths and legends of India.

๐Ÿ’กEternal Life

Eternal life refers to living forever, without aging or dying. In the script, Narad Muni is described as having been given the gift of eternal life, which is a common theme in myths and legends where characters are granted supernatural abilities. This gift allows him to have knowledge of the past, present, and future, setting the stage for the podcast's exploration of timeless stories.

๐Ÿ’กBetal

Betal, also known as Vetal in some regions, is a creature from Indian folklore that is often likened to a vampire but has distinct characteristics. In the video, the Betal is introduced as a creature that can be reanimated and is associated with a story that may have inspired a tale by Hans Christian Andersen. The Betal's role in the script is to challenge King Vikramaditya and tell stories, adding a layer of mystery and intrigue to the narrative.

๐Ÿ’กVikramaditya

Vikramaditya, also known as King Vikram, is a legendary king from Indian history, known for his wisdom and justice. In the script, he is depicted as a fair ruler who listens to his people's problems and seeks to solve them. His character is central to the story involving the Betal and the mangoes, illustrating the theme of wisdom and the unexpected outcomes of generosity.

๐Ÿ’กRishi

A Rishi in Hinduism is a sage or seer who is revered for their wisdom and spiritual power. In the script, the Rishi is a character who visits King Vikramaditya's court, bringing gifts and predictions. The Rishi's visit and interaction with the king highlight the cultural respect for wisdom and the mystical elements of Indian mythology.

๐Ÿ’กMango

In the script, the mango is used as a symbolic gift from the Rishi to King Vikramaditya. It is not just a fruit but contains a precious jewel inside, which is revealed only after the king follows the Rishi's instructions. The mango represents the idea of hidden value and the wisdom of not judging things by their outward appearance.

๐Ÿ’กCrematorium

The crematorium is a place where bodies are burned as part of funeral rites in many cultures, including some traditions in India. In the video, the Rishi instructs King Vikramaditya to meet him at the crematorium, setting a mysterious and somewhat eerie backdrop for the unfolding events. The location adds to the atmosphere of the story and the supernatural elements associated with the Betal.

๐Ÿ’กLateral Thinking

Lateral thinking refers to the ability to approach problems by using creative thinking and coming up with solutions that are not immediately obvious. In the script, the Betal is said to be great at creating lateral thinking puzzles, challenging King Vikramaditya to solve them in silence, which is a test of his wisdom and ability to think outside the box.

๐Ÿ’กPorus

Porus is a historical figure who ruled parts of the Punjab region in the Indian subcontinent around the 3rd Century BC. In the script, he is mentioned as a character who will be discussed in future episodes, known for his bravery and the respect he earned from Alexander the Great. Porus's mention in the script foreshadows the exploration of historical legends and their impact on culture.

๐Ÿ’กRamayana

The Ramayana is one of the two major epics of ancient Indian literature, known for its stories of heroism, devotion, and duty. In the script, the host announces the upcoming discussion of the Ramayana, indicating a deep dive into one of the most revered and influential narratives in Indian mythology. The mention of the Ramayana sets the expectation for future episodes to explore its rich themes and characters.

Highlights

Introduction to 'Stories from India' podcast, which explores myths, legends, and folktales from India.

Host Narad Muni, a mythological character with the gift of eternal life and knowledge of past, present, and future, is also a traveling musician and storyteller.

The episode features a 'Betal', a creature often likened to a vampire, with distinctions to be highlighted later in the podcast.

The story's moral emphasizes the importance of consuming gifts immediately rather than storing them, leading to unexpected outcomes.

Betals are showcased as adept at creating lateral thinking puzzles, adding an interactive element to the storytelling.

The narrative potentially inspired 'The Princess and the Pea' from Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales.

King Vikramaditya's backstory involves a morally complex path to kingship, including the murder of his older brother.

Despite a dark past, Vikramaditya rules with fairness and wisdom, engaging daily with his subjects' concerns.

A wise man, or 'Rishi', visits the court with a unique request to gift the king, deviating from traditional court interactions.

The Rishi's gift of a mango to King Vikramaditya leads to a surprising revelation of a precious jewel hidden within.

The king's decision to distribute the newfound wealth among his people reflects his just rule.

The Rishi's request for the king to visit the crematorium on the new moon night sets the stage for a mysterious encounter.

King Vikramaditya's repeated attempts to capture the Betal without speaking reveal the creature's unique properties.

The Betal tells a story of three Rishis, each with heightened sensitivity to different stimuli, challenging King Vikramaditya's analytical skills.

The king's correct answer to the Betal's riddle results in the creature's release, adding a layer of moral complexity to the narrative.

Cultural notes differentiate the Betal from both vampires and zombies, providing a deeper understanding of Indian folklore.

The character of the week, King Porus, is highlighted for his dignified response to defeat by Alexander the Great.

Upcoming episodes promise to delve into the Ramayana, one of the two great epics of Indian mythology.

The host invites feedback and corrections, emphasizing the collaborative nature of the storytelling process.

Transcripts

play00:01

[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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hello and welcome to stories from India

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a podcast where we talk about myths

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Legends and folktales from India I'm

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your host narad money and I'm a

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mythological character myself

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I was given the gift of eternal life and

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knowledge of the past the present and

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the

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future by profession I'm a traveling

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musician and a

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Storyteller so the way I'm doing my job

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is by

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podcast during each episode we'll be

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talking about a story from Indian

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mythology followed by a character of the

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week

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segment a quick note before we start

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Today's

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show this episode features a BAL

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a betal is a creature that has often

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been approximated to a

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vampire this is probably okay in the

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context of today's show but I'll mention

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some differences between Beals and

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vampires at the

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end this week we'll see why when someone

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gifts you a fruit it's best to eat it

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right away instead of storing it we'll

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also learn how Beals are great at

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creating lateral thinking

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puzzles we'll also hear the story that

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may have inspired the princess and the

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PE story from Hans Christian Anderson's

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fairy

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tales King Vikram adiya was a great king

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from about 2,500 years

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ago how he got to be a king is not so

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great

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however when he was a prince and second

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in line to his father's throne in a move

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that might be straight out of The

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Godfather he had his older brother

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killed he used a poisonous scorpion

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according to One Source a very painful

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way to die instead of a quick

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death despite the nasty

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backstory vikramaditya whom I'm just

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going to call Wick proved to be a fair

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King and he ruled with great

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wisdom Wick held Court every day listen

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to the problems of his people and did

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everything he could to fix them I mean

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fix the problems not fix the people

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people one day A wise man came to his

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court now wise men or Ries were treated

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with great respect and Kings would move

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mountains to grant their smallest

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wish a typical Rishi would go to a

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king's court be well received eat good

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food and drink sleep well for a few days

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and then

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leave the payoff to the king would be

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that the Rishi would make a prediction

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or if he had some special powerups he

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would even Grant a

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wish the predictions were almost always

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wague and were meant for some time in

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the future when the Rishi was safely

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away from the

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scene the wishes were usually vague

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enough that it would be impossible to

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rule out magic wish

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fulfillment so it was a pretty good deal

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a win-win for all

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involved now the Rishi who came to court

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today first ran into to the Royal

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secretary do you have an appointment the

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secretary

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asked I don't said the

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Rishi you'll have to take a token and

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wait your turn meanwhile you can fill in

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this form check here and here for your

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dietary requirements how long you'll be

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staying and most importantly check here

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to indicate your speciality wish

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prediction or other please describe fill

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in the form and we'll get back to you

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with a decision in a day or two sorry to

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make you do all this this but we had a

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couple of freeloaders last month they

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skipped out on us without so much as a

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thank you I don't think they were real

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Ries I spotted them right away their

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ropes were all wrong but who was going

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to believe me anyway that's why we have

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this process now are you trying to say

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something he asked the Rishi the Rishi

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who had been trying to interrupt said

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yes if I could just have a minute I just

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want to give the king a

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gift the secretary almost dropped his

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clipboard in amazement and then slowly

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said

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you're passing on the palace day and the

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food and the wine and you want to give

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the king a gift anyway no quit

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proo yes that's right said the

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Rishi oh my God this is one for the

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record book said the secretary I'm going

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to tell my grandchildren all about this

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Mac hold the queue he shouted just as

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another RI was about to be let into the

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courtroom after a 2-day wait we got to

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Fast Track this guy said the secretary

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indicating the

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Rishi the Rishi walked in and the king

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and everyone else bowed because that's

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how Ries and Kings worked back then the

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Rishi without a word presented the gift

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to the king a mango it was

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ripe M thanks said the king but the

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Rishi was already walking

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out the king didn't want to eat the

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mango so he gave it to his treasurer

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because who doesn't keep perishable

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fruit mixed in with their

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money and nothing further was said about

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it the next day the Rishi was

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back change your mind about the food

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asked the

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secretary but no the Rishi wanted to

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give the king another gift it was

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another mango and again pretty much the

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same thing happened and again the mango

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went to the treasury

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this happened for a number of days until

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one day the King was in his garden when

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the Rishi arrived and presented the

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mango of the

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day after he had left the King was

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actually finally tempted to eat it his

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Minister who was a bit paranoid advised

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him not to it could be poisoned he

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warned the king didn't seem to think

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much of the idea it's a raw mango with

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the skin on how could it be poisoned he

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asked the

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minister Snow White's mother did it said

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his

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Minister you do have a point said the

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king conveniently there's this monkey in

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the garden I can't

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stand he tossed the mango at the

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monkey the monkey picked up the mango

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and started eating

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it and soon it finished eating it and

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tossed away the seed

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except it wasn't a seed it was a large

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Ruby very shiny and very

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real the Royal Jeweler examined it and

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declared it to be the most valuable gem

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he had ever

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seen the surprised King immediately

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called the treasurer and asked for the

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rest of the

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mangoes the treasurer who hadn't been in

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the garden was only too happy he had

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been wondering if by asking him to store

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the mangoes the King was subtly hinting

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that he was planning to demort him to

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the position of royal grer or

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something every mango was sliced up and

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every one of them contained a huge

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precious

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Jewel we've hit the jackpot exclaimed

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the

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treasurer indeed said the king but we

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must distribute the extra wealth to the

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people and I must speak speak to the

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Rishi tomorrow when he arrives

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again no no no said the treasurer you

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can't do that what if he stops he's like

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the goose with the golden egg we should

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keep receiving the eggs and not ask any

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more

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questions I can't in my good conscience

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do that I can't accept anything of value

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from people without knowing their

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motives said the king he had a point of

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course so when when the Rishi arrived

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the next day the king bowed before him

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and asked what he could do for the Rishi

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in exchange for the generous

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gifts the Rishi said I have only one

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request for you

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King on the next new moon night you must

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come to the

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crematorium I will wait for you there

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and give you further

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instruction the king readily

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agreed while in the back backr the

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secretary shook his head and thought to

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himself quit Bru after

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all and on the appointed night the king

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arrived and saw the

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Rishi the Rishi had started a little

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fire and was chanting some

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prayers he paused and instructed the

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king to go fetch him a Bethal from the

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banan tree on the other side of the

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crematorium a Bethal is a reanimated

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corpse that loves to hang upside down on

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trees like a

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bat the king quickly reached the tree

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and managed to catch one without much

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difficulty but within minutes the Bethal

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managed to escape and go back to his

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tree this happened a few times until the

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king realized that the Bethal only

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managed to escape the moment the king

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said

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something the king's voice made the

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Bethal less solid briefly and allowed

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him to

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escape since I have Universal knowledge

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I could try to explain the mechanics

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behind how that works but you wouldn't

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understand it because some of the

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underlying science hasn't been

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discovered

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yet maybe in the 25th Century when I'm

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telling this story to a different

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audience I might throw in those

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details so anyway on the next iteration

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of Capture the Flag I mean capture the

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Bal the king did not speak a word

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but the Bethal spoke to him

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instead he said we have a long way to

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go no we don't thought the king but he

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wouldn't say it because the king thought

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the Bethal was just trying to trick him

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into saying something so that he could

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Escape back to his

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tree the Bethal

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continued to pass the time let me tell

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you a

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story and and this is the story that

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follows Once Upon a Time said Bethal

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there were three holy men three

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rashes they were known to be very

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fastidious which means they were fussy

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and paid great attention to very Minor

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Details they wandered about the land

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Palace hopping like many rashis back

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then once at the palace of famous King

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the first Rishi showed

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up he was received warmly and even sat

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at the king's own table for

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dinner and the food was

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rich at least the king himself had never

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any cause for

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complain however after the very first

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bite the Rishi was

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offended I refuse to eat rice that is

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grown from Ash he

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said

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everyone was surprised that the Rishi

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could discern something like that from

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one pite of the

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rice the king immediately launched an

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investigation it was soon discovered

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that the rice did indeed grow in a field

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right next to a

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crematorium speaking from my unlimited

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knowledge I can positively assert that

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there is no nutritional difference

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between rice grown near a crematorium

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and rce grown further away but

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psychologically there was a huge

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difference the king ordered a change of

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supplier right

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away the Rishi left and after a while

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the second Rishi showed up at the same

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Palace he too was warmly

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received as he was being served food and

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drink he remarked to the serving girl

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that she must have drunk a lot of goat's

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milk I did didn't said the girl afraid

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now because the king might think she had

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been drinking out of his

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stock the King was curious and had

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someone

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investigate no the serving girl never

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drank goat's milk from the king's

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supplies said the

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investigators but we talked to her

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mother in the girl's childhood she fed

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almost exclusively on goat's milk a fact

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that the girl herself didn't

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recall again everyone was amazed by this

play13:33

rishi's

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Powers he left after a while and then

play13:38

the third rishy showed up he too was

play13:42

warmly received but this time dinner

play13:45

passed by without

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incident when it was bedtime the Rishi

play13:50

was shown to his

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room and he had a great big luxurious

play13:55

bed with seven

play13:57

mattresses the maid had just laid out

play14:00

brand new sheets for him and

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everything the next morning the king

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like the good host that he was stopped

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by to ask if the Rishi had slept

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well the Rishi said no he hadn't and

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showed him a big red mark on his

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back again the matter was

play14:22

investigated and it was discovered that

play14:24

under the seven mattresses there was a

play14:27

single human

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hair the shape and length of the hair

play14:32

exactly match that of the mark on the

play14:35

rishi's

play14:36

back the king apologized for the

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discomfort and the Rishi went on his

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way that's the story said the

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Bal all three Ries were sensitive to

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some sort of

play14:49

stimulus the taste of the rice the smell

play14:53

from the serving girl's hands and the

play14:56

presence of the hair

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now Wick can you tell me with certainty

play15:03

which of the three Ries was the most

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sensitive I have already said a number

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of times that Wick was smart and here he

play15:14

proves it the third one said Vick right

play15:19

away the first two Ries could have

play15:22

gotten their information about the rice

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and the serving girls some other way too

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not necessarily from tasting the food or

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from the smell of the girl's

play15:33

hands but the third one had a visible

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physical effect on him so I put my money

play15:40

on

play15:41

him Bingo said the Bal your answer is

play15:46

right but also you spoke Sonam

play15:51

off and the Bal flew off back to his

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tree we'll leave it here this week the

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king did go back and grab the betal

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again and again and heard more stories

play16:03

but those are for future

play16:06

episodes a few notes on the show a betal

play16:10

is not a

play16:11

vampire a vampire is a fictional

play16:14

character that was mostly made famous by

play16:17

Bram Stoker's

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Dracula a Bethal is a corpse that can

play16:21

fly and talk and tell stories and listen

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to some

play16:26

extent it's not a zombie either

play16:29

it mostly hangs out or rather hangs down

play16:32

from trees near

play16:36

cemeteries Wick and the Bethal do this a

play16:39

number of times 25 in the most common

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versions but more or less in some other

play16:48

retellings the Rishi and King

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relationship is an interesting one it is

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rooted in cost division in ancient

play16:55

Indian

play16:57

Society the there are a few different

play16:59

terms Rishi sadhu sasi joogi but it's

play17:04

easy to think of them simply as wise men

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though they may not always act

play17:11

wisely the character this week is a

play17:14

legend king porus ruled parts of the

play17:17

Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent

play17:20

around 3rd Century

play17:22

BC he was a great warrior and is often

play17:25

depicted riding an

play17:27

elephant when a huge Army arrived from

play17:30

the

play17:31

Northwest porest did his best to defend

play17:34

his

play17:35

land since the Army was that of one of

play17:38

the greatest conquerors of all

play17:40

time bis's best was not good

play17:44

enough Alexander the Great soon had him

play17:47

in Chains when porus was brought before

play17:50

him he could see a marked difference

play17:52

between porus and all of the other kings

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Alexander had

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defeated seeing his proud and dignified

play18:00

stance Alexander asked porus how he

play18:03

would like to be

play18:05

treated forus answered that he would

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like to be treated no different than how

play18:10

Alexander himself expected to be

play18:14

treated this impressed Alexander so much

play18:17

that not only did he let poris go he

play18:20

even gave him some of his land

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back today this incident is what porus

play18:25

is mostly known

play18:27

for

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next week we'll start on the

play18:31

ramayan this is one of the two greatest

play18:34

epics of Indian mythology and I'm so

play18:36

excited to start

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this the character next week is a girl

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who abducted a prince so she wouldn't

play18:43

have to marry his

play18:45

cousin since I'm several thousands of

play18:47

years old my memory may not be perfect

play18:51

at

play18:51

times so if you see any errors in my

play18:54

podcast I'd appreciate it if you could

play18:56

Point them out to me if you have any

play18:59

comments or suggestions you can leave a

play19:01

review on the site it's SFI podcast.com

play19:06

the site is also linked in the show

play19:09

notes you can also tweet at SFI

play19:13

podcast the music is from purp

play19:15

planet.com that's

play19:17

purple-planet.com as always I'm grateful

play19:21

to family and friends for all the

play19:23

support and help and thank you all for

play19:27

listening the the feedback I have

play19:29

received has been very

play19:31

useful I'll see you next

play19:34

[Music]

play19:42

week

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Related Tags
Indian MythologyFolktalesStorytellingNarad MuniVikramadityaBetalRishi WisdomMoral LessonsHistorical KingsCultural Insights