Former FBI Agent Explains How to Read Body Language | Tradecraft | WIRED

WIRED
21 May 201914:44

Summary

TLDRJoe Navarro, a former FBI agent with 25 years of experience, shares insights on nonverbal communication, often referred to as body language. He dispels common myths, such as crossed arms indicating deception, and emphasizes the importance of observing behaviors like facial expressions, posture, and gestures to understand a person's true feelings. Navarro's expertise in reading nonverbals was crucial in his career, from catching spies to assessing suspects' reactions in high-stakes situations like poker games, where body language can reveal more than facial expressions.

Takeaways

  • ๐Ÿ˜Œ Nonverbals are any form of communication that does not involve words, including body language, dress, and how one walks.
  • ๐Ÿ•ต๏ธโ€โ™‚๏ธ Joe Navarro, a former FBI special agent, used nonverbal cues to catch spies and understand their intentions.
  • ๐Ÿ‘€ Security measures often rely on observing nonverbal cues, such as how people look through peepholes or who they look at while using an ATM.
  • ๐Ÿ’‘ People often select their mates based on non-verbal cues, indicating the importance of these signals in interpersonal relationships.
  • ๐Ÿ™…โ€โ™‚๏ธ Common myths about nonverbal cues, such as crossed arms indicating a defensive stance, are often misunderstood and not necessarily accurate.
  • ๐Ÿค” The way people look or process information can be misinterpreted as deception, but it is not a reliable indicator of lying.
  • ๐Ÿคฅ The belief in a 'Pinocchio effect' where physical behaviors like nose touching or mouth covering indicate lying is scientifically unfounded.
  • ๐Ÿ‘ฎโ€โ™‚๏ธ Law enforcement, including espionage work, relies heavily on observing nonverbal behaviors to gather intelligence and assess suspects.
  • ๐ŸŒŸ Observing minute details in behavior, such as how someone holds flowers, can reveal cultural backgrounds and potentially uncover deception.
  • ๐Ÿ‘ฅ In law enforcement, building rapport and observing behavioral changes during conversations can lead to suspects revealing crucial information.
  • ๐Ÿ‘€ The importance of observing nonverbal cues extends to everyday interactions, such as noticing changes in posture or facial expressions to understand someone's state of mind.
  • ๐Ÿ‘ฅ Handshaking is a significant nonverbal interaction in many cultures, serving as an initial bonding moment and a way to gauge initial impressions.
  • ๐ŸŽฒ In poker, observing players' nonverbal cues can provide insights into their psychological state and potential strategies, beyond just their cards.

Q & A

  • What is the main focus of Joe Navarro's career with the FBI?

    -Joe Navarro's main focus during his 25-year career with the FBI was catching spies, particularly within the national security division, where he worked on understanding and neutralizing specific targets.

  • What does the term 'nonverbals' refer to in the context of the script?

    -In the script, 'nonverbals' refers to any form of communication that is not verbal, such as body language, how one dresses, and how one walks, which can reveal a person's thoughts and feelings.

  • Why is it a misconception to believe that crossing one's arms is a sign of blocking behavior?

    -Crossing one's arms is often misunderstood as a blocking behavior, but according to the script, it is actually a form of self-soothing, akin to a self-hug, rather than an attempt to block out someone or something.

  • What does the script suggest about the effectiveness of humans in detecting deception?

    -The script suggests that humans are generally poor at detecting deception and that common indicators such as throat clearing, nose touching, or mouth covering are not scientifically or empirically linked to lying.

  • How did Joe Navarro use nonverbal cues to identify a potential spy in one of his cases?

    -Joe Navarro identified a potential spy by observing how the individual held flowers, which was a nonverbal cue indicating the person's Eastern European origin, as opposed to the typical American way of holding flowers by the stock.

  • What is the significance of the first touch in most western cultures, as mentioned in the script?

    -The first touch in most western cultures, such as a handshake, is significant because it is the first time our bodies release bonding chemicals that influence our perception of liking or disliking another person.

  • How does Joe Navarro describe the importance of observing nonverbal cues in poker?

    -Joe Navarro describes the importance of observing nonverbal cues in poker as a way to gather 'poker intelligence' by looking for behaviors indicative of psychological discomfort or reactions to a stimulus, which can provide insights into a player's state of mind.

  • What is the purpose of observing nonverbal cues at the beginning of a poker game?

    -Observing nonverbal cues at the beginning of a poker game allows players to collect information about each other's psychological state and potential discomfort, which can be useful throughout the game.

  • How does Joe Navarro explain the concept of 'self-soothing' in relation to nonverbal cues?

    -Joe Navarro explains 'self-soothing' as a nonverbal behavior where individuals engage in certain actions, such as shuffling chips in poker, to help manage their emotions and make it through a situation.

  • What does the script suggest about the effectiveness of observing nonverbal cues at double speed?

    -The script suggests that observing nonverbal cues at double speed can be useful because critical nonverbal behaviors become more apparent and stand out, making it easier to identify and interpret them.

  • Why is it important to look around rather than just at cards or community cards in poker, according to the script?

    -It is important to look around in poker to observe the reactions of other players to the cards, as these reactions can provide valuable nonverbal cues that may reveal their strategies or feelings about their hands.

Outlines

00:00

๐Ÿ•ต๏ธโ€โ™‚๏ธ The Art of Nonverbal Communication

Joe Navarro, a former FBI special agent, discusses the importance of nonverbal cues in communication. He clarifies misconceptions about body language, such as crossed arms being a sign of defensiveness, and explains that these behaviors are often self-soothing rather than indicative of deception. Navarro emphasizes the role of nonverbals in security, mate selection, and the interpretation of others' thoughts. He shares a story of using nonverbal cues to identify a spy, highlighting the effectiveness of observing behaviors like how someone holds flowers. His experience in the FBI taught him that lengthy conversations and behavioral observation are more effective in gathering information than seeking immediate confessions.

05:01

๐Ÿง Observing and Interpreting Nonverbal Cues

This section delves into the specifics of nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions, body language, and gestures. It covers how to read stress in the forehead, discomfort in the eyes and glabella, and the significance of lip compression and cheek movements. Navarro also discusses the importance of observing the neck, shoulders, hands, and feet for signs of discomfort or deception. He explains that these cues are not about making judgments but about assessing what the person is transmitting at that moment. The summary also touches on the nuances of personal space and comfort, as well as the dynamics of touch, particularly in the context of handshakes and their role in bonding and communication.

10:02

๐Ÿƒ Poker and Nonverbal Tells

In this segment, Navarro draws parallels between his experience as an FBI agent and the world of poker, focusing on the nonverbal tells that can reveal a player's psychological state. He describes observing players' reactions to being called to a table, noting behaviors such as shifting in chairs, shoulder grabbing, and high shoulder positions as signs of discomfort. Navarro advises paying attention to hand placements, chip shuffling, and body language to gather 'poker intelligence.' He also emphasizes the importance of observing reactions to the game's developments, as these nonverbal cues can provide critical information about a player's engagement and interest. The summary concludes with a reflection on the significance of nonverbal communication in all aspects of life, not just in poker or law enforcement.

Mindmap

Keywords

๐Ÿ’กNonverbals

Nonverbals refer to any form of communication that does not involve words. In the video, Joe Navarro explains that nonverbals include body language, how we dress, and how we walk. These nonverbal cues are crucial in interpreting the thoughts and feelings of a person. For example, Navarro mentions how people use nonverbals to assess security, such as looking through a peephole or observing someone at an ATM machine.

๐Ÿ’กBody Language

Body language is a subset of nonverbals that involves the movement and positioning of the body to communicate. In the script, Navarro discusses how body language can reveal a person's intentions or feelings. He uses the example of how people may cross their arms not to block others but as a self-soothing behavior, which is often misunderstood.

๐Ÿ’กDeception

Deception in the context of the video refers to the act of misleading others by hiding the truth or creating a false impression. Navarro clarifies that common myths about detecting deception, such as crossing arms or touching the nose, are not scientifically supported. He emphasizes that humans are generally poor at detecting deception and that these behaviors are often misinterpreted.

๐Ÿ’กPacifying Behaviors

Pacifying behaviors are actions that individuals engage in to soothe themselves, often unconsciously. Navarro mentions behaviors like clearing the throat or touching the nose, which are commonly but incorrectly associated with lying. He explains that these are self-soothing actions rather than indicators of deception.

๐Ÿ’กFacial Expressions

Facial expressions are a significant part of nonverbal communication that can reveal a person's emotional state. Navarro discusses how the eyes, forehead, and mouth can indicate stress or discomfort. For instance, he notes that people may compress their lips when they are bothered or tense their facial muscles to convey displeasure.

๐Ÿ’กHead Tilt

Head tilt is a nonverbal cue that can indicate relaxation or openness. Navarro explains that when a person tilts their head, it often signifies that they are more relaxed. Conversely, the absence of a head tilt might suggest that there is an issue or discomfort, as seen in the poker players' behavior during the game.

๐Ÿ’กPoker

Poker is a card game that involves strategic play and reading opponents' nonverbal cues. Navarro draws parallels between poker and espionage, noting that both require keen observation of nonverbal behaviors to gain an advantage. He uses the example of poker players' reactions to their cards to illustrate how nonverbals can reveal psychological discomfort.

๐Ÿ’กPersonal Space

Personal space refers to the physical distance individuals maintain between themselves and others, which can communicate comfort or discomfort. Navarro discusses how people adjust their personal space in social interactions, such as moving further apart when discussing the importance of comfort, indicating a change in their level of comfort.

๐Ÿ’กStimuli

Stimuli in the context of the video are external factors that elicit a response or reaction. Navarro uses the term to describe how individuals react to certain situations or questions, which can be observed through their nonverbal cues. For example, he mentions how people's hands might stiffen or move in response to a troubling question.

๐Ÿ’กEspionage

Espionage involves the practice of spying or using spies to gather secret or confidential information. Navarro, having been an FBI agent, discusses how nonverbal cues were crucial in his work to identify and neutralize threats. He shares a story of how observing a mole's nonverbal behavior with flowers led to a successful interrogation.

๐Ÿ’กPerception Management

Perception management is the act of controlling or influencing how others perceive oneself. Navarro mentions this concept when discussing how people might adjust their nonverbal behaviors, such as rubbing their cheeks or hiding their hands, to manage how they are perceived by others. This is particularly relevant in the context of deception and the need to appear non-threatening.

Highlights

Nonverbals are anything that communicates without using words, including body language, dress, and how we walk.

Joe Navarro spent 25 years as an FBI special agent, specializing in catching spies and understanding nonverbal cues.

Security often relies on nonverbal cues, like looking through a peephole or being aware of surroundings at an ATM.

Most people select mates based on nonverbal signals, revealing more about our preferences than we realize.

Common myths about nonverbal cues, like crossed arms indicating blocking behavior, are debunked as misunderstandings.

Behaviors like looking a certain way or touching the nose are not definitive indicators of deception.

Humans are generally poor at detecting deception, contrary to popular belief and media portrayals.

A real-life case example illustrates how observing nonverbal cues, like flower holding, can reveal cultural differences and lead to uncovering a spy.

The importance of face time and lengthy conversations in law enforcement for gathering information.

Assessing nonverbal cues involves observing behaviors in response to stimuli rather than making judgments.

Key areas to observe in nonverbal communication include hair, eyes, forehead, and facial expressions which can indicate stress or discomfort.

The significance of head tilt, shoulder movement, and hand gestures in conveying a person's state of relaxation or discomfort.

Ventilating behaviors, such as neck touching, can indicate the instant something bothers an individual.

Leg and foot movements, like brushing legs or wiggling feet, can signal discomfort or a need for self-soothing.

The importance of observing minute differences in behavior, such as posture and pace, to understand what a person is transmitting.

Handshaking is a critical nonverbal interaction that can establish comfort levels and release bonding chemicals.

The concept of 'poker body' suggests that while people may try to hide their emotions on their face, their body language often reveals their true feelings.

Observing nonverbal cues in poker can provide insights into a player's psychological state and potential strategies.

The value of nonverbal communication in understanding and interpreting human behavior beyond what is said verbally.

Transcripts

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nonverbals are

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anything that communicates but is not a

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word the public knows them as body

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language how we dress

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how we walk

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have meaning and we use that to

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interpret what's in the mind of the

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person

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[Music]

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my name is joe navarro and for 25 years

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i was a special agent with the fbi my

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job was to catch spies

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most of my career i spent within the

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national security division a lot of it

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had to do with looking at specific

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targets and then it was about well how

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do we get in their heads and how do we

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neutralize them

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our security is based on nonverbals we

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look at the person through the peephole

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we look at who's behind us at the atm

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machine we know from the research that

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most of us select our mates based on

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non-verbal so we may think we're very

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sophisticated

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but in fact we are never

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in a state where we're not transmitting

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information

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there's a lot of myths out there

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the ones that stand out is if you cross

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your arms

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that it's a blocking behavior that's

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just nonsense even when you don't like

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the person that is in front of you this

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isn't to block them out it's actually to

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self-suit because in essence it's a

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self-hug when you're sitting at a movie

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and you're watching you're gonna cross

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your arms you're waiting for somebody

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you tend to do this what's interesting

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is we do this behavior more in public

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than in private the other one that

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really stands out is as we think about

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something we may look in a certain way

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as we process the information we may

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look in another way it's certainly not

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indicative of of deception and it really

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shouldn't be used that way all we can

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say is the person is processing the

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information the other misconceptions are

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that if the person clears their throat

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touches their nose or covers their mouth

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they're lying we do these behaviors as

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self-soothers their their pacifying

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behaviors scientifically

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and empirically there's just no

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pinocchio effect and people who prattle

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that and say well we can detect

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deception because the person touches

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their nose or covers their mouth that's

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just sheer nonsense we humans are lousy

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at detecting deception

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espionage work is often nowhere near

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what we see in movies and in one of the

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cases we had information from another

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country saying you have an american we

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think is actually a mole who somehow

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entered the united states is able to

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pass as an american but he's here

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working for a hostile intelligence

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service and just

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fortuitously he was videographed coming

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out of a flower shop we're looking at

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the video and everybody in the in our

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small unit we were saying well there's

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not much there you know he's coming out

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of the shop getting in his car and i

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said stop the film right there

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just as he came out of the shop he took

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the flowers and most americans tend to

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hold the flowers by the stock so the

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flowers are up this individual took them

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and grabbed the stock and then held the

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flowers so that they were facing down

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and i said that's how they carry flowers

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in eastern europe rather than confront

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him about are you a spy

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i decided to do what's called a

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presumptive so as i sat there with him i

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said would you like to know how we know

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and he had this look on his face and and

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i said it was the flowers

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and then he confessed

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when i came into law enforcement i

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thought it was all about the confession

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it's really about face time

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in my 25 years in the fbi

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it was a rarity

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that a person didn't eventually

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reveal

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what i needed to know

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because we would sit down and have these

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very lengthy

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conversations

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i look at behaviors to do an assessment

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what is this person transmitting in

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relations to any stimuli my further

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questioning comes from my observing

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these behaviors

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the first thing i look at is i look at

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the hair

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does it look healthy does it look well

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groomed the forehead is very interesting

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because a lot of times we reveal stress

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a lot of the things that we have gone

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through life are often etched in the

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forehead i look at the eyes to see if

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they're red or not enough sleep the

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small area here between the eyes called

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the glabella it's one of the first areas

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that reveals information to us most

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often when we don't like something we do

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that bunny nose of i don't like we don't

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really know what our lips look like and

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we tend to compress them when something

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bothers us when something really bothers

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us we tend to suck them in

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the mandibular and look at the cheeks we

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may do something like this we'll

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we'll rub our tongue against

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the inside of the cheek but when we try

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to hide it then it tells me that this

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person is trying to do some perception

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management and if they are i want to

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know why

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at the neck i want to see if there's any

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head tilt because head tilt the person

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is more relaxed the minute the head tilt

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goes away there's usually some issue i'm

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looking at the shoulders

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you ask somebody a question they don't

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know both shoulders shoot up very

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quickly and then i look at the hands

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when something's troubling us we tend to

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stiffen our fingers interlace them and

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almost like a teepee

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we move our hands back and forth very

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slowly this is to be differentiated from

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when we do the steeple which we do in

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this position when something's at issue

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we tend to put our hands on our hips and

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we become very territorial this is

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called arms of kimbo but look how it

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changes when we put our thumbs forward

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and then it becomes one of more of i'm

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inquisitive but i also look for any

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behaviors of ventilating because men

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tend to ventilate at the neck and we do

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at the very instant something bothers us

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and then i look at the legs to see if

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there's any brushing of the legs with

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the hands

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which is again to pacify and then the

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feet

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do i see any behavior such as wiggling

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of the feet kicking of the feet if i ask

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a question and all of a sudden the feet

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withdraw and are crossed perhaps the

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person feels a little threatened by that

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question so when we study nonverbals

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it's not about making judgments it's

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about assessing what is this person

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transmitting in that moment

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it really is looking at an individual

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and saying what are they transmitting

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we're all transmitting at all times

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we choose the clothes that we wear how

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we groom ourselves how we dress but also

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how do we carry ourselves are we coming

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to the office on this particular day

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with a lot of energy or are we coming in

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with a different sort of pace and what

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we look for are differences in behavior

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down to the the minutia of

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what is this individual's posture as

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they're walking down the street are they

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on the inside of the sidewalk on the

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outside can we see his blink rate can we

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see how often he's looking at his watch

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i know your blink rate is around eight

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eight times a minute but you don't know

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that you're not sitting there

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counting all these things factor in

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because they're transmitting information

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now it's up to us to then

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use that information to say okay we need

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to marshal resources to be on that

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individual right now

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so in most western cultures the first

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time people touch

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is when they shake hands

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touching becomes

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that important because we can always

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remember a time when we shook hands with

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someone and we didn't like that

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it's also the first time when our bodies

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release these bonding chemicals that say

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i like this person or i don't like this

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person so handshaking is both necessary

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and essential in most cultures

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pigeons are supposed to be like dirty

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birds

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ladies hi i'm joe navarro i'm laura

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laura how are you and you are

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cathedra how are you okay let me ask you

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this

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let's back up a little bit

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is this comfortable for you yes yeah

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it's a little bit more comfortable

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but it's not for you is it

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all right thank you all right so keep

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talking

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what we've done here is we've talked

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about the importance of space and

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comfort

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they don't realize is how much further

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apart they are now standing and it's

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because we have brought this subject up

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to make them comfortable about

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saying hey it's okay to be comfortable

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at your perfect distance

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and so now we see when they rock they

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rock away from each other and they

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create

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this space if you notice their feet

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tend to move around more

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there's

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a dynamic going on here

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where they're kind of trying to find

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what what is the perfect space what is

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the perfect distance and we know that

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they're unsettled because of the high

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degree of movement that's

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that's going on

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poker is an interesting game the

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similitudes of sitting across from a spy

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or sitting across from players it's

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their reactions to a stimulus we have

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behaviors indicative of psychological

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discomfort that we use at home at work

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or at the poker table

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so we're going to take a look at poker

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players and some of the body language

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that you'll find at a typical poker game

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so we'll pause it right there

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so one of the things that you first

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notice is that when a table is called

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this is the first time many of them see

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each other this is a great opportunity

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to be looking for behaviors indicative

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of discomfort we're going to see the

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individual shifting in his chair we're

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going to see one individual reaching

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over and grabbing his shoulder the woman

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in this case her shoulders are rather

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high this is a great opportunity even

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before the game starts to collect

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poker intelligence all right guys button

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is good clinton is good so we'll stop

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right there

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look where their hands are at

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here we're looking at player number two

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and number three and we notice right

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away that their hands are on top of the

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cards some players will cage their cards

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some players will put their hands

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directly on top and press them down and

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they may do that because the cards have

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now increased in value player number one

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tends to keep his hands very close to

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his body player number four she's

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actually withdrawn her hands from the

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table because when we like things we

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tend to move our hands forward when we

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don't like things we tend to move the

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hands away

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so as we look at player number three i'm

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often asked about players who shuffle

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their chips

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what you're really doing is

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self-soothing and this just helps you to

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make it through the game and that's

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really all we're looking for

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oh come on

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okay so we'll stop right there

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player number five is sitting there arms

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crossed you don't see a lot of activity

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that doesn't mean he's not transmitting

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a lot of information on down the line i

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want to see where those thumbs of his

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are

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because he holds them very close when

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nothing's going on but does that change

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as the game evolves

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if you're looking at nonverbals it's

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often useful to look at them at double

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the speed because all the nonverbals

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that are critical jump out at you as

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though it were a caricature

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all right so stop right there

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the woman in position number four you

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see her head moving around quite a bit

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player number three you see a lot of

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activity with his hands when we look at

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player number five now his hands are

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fully out this is as far as we've seen

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them before

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at this point we know that he's engaged

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and that he's interested

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now the game is out in the open

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75 to 80 of the information we need is

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sitting out there what you often see is

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everybody's looking at their own cards

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or looking at the community cards rather

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than looking around you should be

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looking around to see what was the

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reaction because you're going to see

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that reaction again

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you know in poker we used to say that

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you can have a poker face but i

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encountered you can't have a poker body

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somewhere it's going to be revealed

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when i was in college in the early 70s

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there were really

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no courses on

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nonverbal communications you quickly

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realized that to a great extent it's

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really about what you can interpret from

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behavior and so we talk about

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non-verbals because it matters because

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it has gravitas because it affects how

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we communicate with each other when it

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comes to nonverbals this is no small

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matter

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we

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primarily communicate

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nonverbally and we always will

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Related Tags
Nonverbal CommunicationBody LanguageFBI AgentDeception DetectionHuman BehaviorSocial InteractionPoker TellsCognitive PsychologySecurity MeasuresBehavioral Analysis