Difference between Multitasking, Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing | Operating system | CSE

MathsInDepth (Decoding Science)

15 Feb 202111:18

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into the concepts of multiprocessing, multitasking, and multiprogramming within operating systems. It explains the difference between these terms, illustrating how processes transition between various states and how scheduling is managed. The script uses analogies and diagrams to clarify the concepts, such as the role of the long-term scheduler and the short-term scheduler in process management. It also touches on the impact of multitasking on user experience and the technicalities of implementing time-sharing systems, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of these fundamental computing principles.

Takeaways

😀 Multiprogramming, multitasking, and multiprocessing are three distinct concepts that are often confused but have clear differences in the context of operating systems.
🔄 Multiprogramming refers to the ability of an operating system to keep multiple processes in the ready state to be executed, managed by the long-term scheduler.
🔄 Multitasking is related to time-sharing, allowing multiple processes to share a single processing unit by dividing time into quanta, giving the illusion of simultaneous execution.
💡 The concept of time quantum is introduced in multitasking, where the CPU time is divided into small units to be allocated among processes, ensuring fair usage.
🛑 The difference between multiprogramming and multitasking lies in the management of processes; multiprogramming focuses on having multiple processes ready for execution, while multitasking deals with the execution of multiple processes over time.
👨‍💻 The script discusses the role of the short-term scheduler in moving processes from the ready state to the running state, which is crucial for multitasking.
🔄 In multitasking, processes are given a time slot to run, and if they do not complete within that time, they are moved back to the ready state, allowing other processes to run.
🔄 The response time in multitasking is an important metric, which is the time it takes for a process to start running after it is submitted to the system.
🔄 Multiprocessing is related to systems with multiple processors, allowing several processes to run simultaneously on different processors.
👷‍♂️ The script also touches on the implementation of multitasking and the challenges of managing processes, such as the need to preempt a running process for an emergency process.
🛠 The importance of understanding the differences between these concepts is emphasized for better system performance and efficient process management.

Q & A

What are the three concepts discussed in the video?
-The three concepts discussed are multiprogramming, multitasking, and multiprocessing.
How does multiprogramming work in an operating system?
-Multiprogramming involves keeping more than one process in memory at the same time, allowing the CPU to switch between them to optimize resource use and improve system efficiency.
What role does the long-term scheduler play in multiprogramming?
-The long-term scheduler is responsible for loading processes from the new state into the ready state in memory, ensuring that there are always processes ready to be executed by the CPU.
What is the main difference between multiprogramming and multitasking?
-The main difference is that multiprogramming focuses on keeping multiple processes ready to be executed, while multitasking involves the CPU switching between processes in quick succession based on time-sharing to give the illusion of concurrent execution.
How does the short-term scheduler function in a multitasking environment?
-In a multitasking environment, the short-term scheduler allocates CPU time to various processes in small time slices, ensuring that all processes get a chance to run and that no single process monopolizes the CPU.
What is meant by 'time-sharing' in the context of multitasking?
-Time-sharing refers to the method where the CPU's time is divided into small intervals and allocated to different processes, allowing multiple processes to run seemingly simultaneously.
How does the concept of 'response time' differ between multiprogramming and multitasking?
-In multitasking, response time is generally shorter and more predictable because processes are given regular time slices to execute. In multiprogramming, response time can vary significantly as processes may need to wait longer for CPU access.
What is the definition of 'multitasking' as given in the video?
-Multitasking is defined as the technique by which the CPU executes multiple tasks (processes) by switching between them rapidly based on time-sharing, giving the illusion that they are running concurrently.
What is the significance of 'multi-core' processors in the context of multiprocessing?
-Multi-core processors have multiple processing units (cores) within a single CPU, allowing true concurrent execution of multiple processes, which is the essence of multiprocessing.
What is the relationship between multiprogramming, multitasking, and multiprocessing?
-Multiprogramming involves managing multiple processes in memory, multitasking uses time-sharing to execute multiple processes seemingly concurrently, and multiprocessing leverages multiple CPU cores to run multiple processes truly concurrently.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Introduction to Multiprogramming, Multitasking, and the Concept of Processes

This paragraph introduces the concepts of multiprogramming, multitasking, and multiprocessing, explaining their definitions and differences. It discusses how processes in an operating system are managed, particularly focusing on the transition of processes between states such as running, ready, and blocked. The explanation includes the role of the scheduler in managing these processes, the concept of a short-term scheduler that selects processes to run, and the idea of input/output activities that can block a process. The paragraph also touches on the notion of preemption, where a higher-priority process can interrupt a lower-priority one, and the importance of the ready queue in process management.

05:01

😉 Understanding Multitasking and Time Sharing in Operating Systems

This paragraph delves into the concept of multitasking, contrasting it with multiprogramming. It explains how multitasking is related to time-sharing, where multiple processes are given a share of the CPU's time to run concurrently, creating an illusion of parallelism. The paragraph discusses the implementation of time-sharing mechanisms in operating systems and how they affect the user experience by making it seem as though all processes are running simultaneously. It also touches on the difference in response times between multitasking and multiprogramming environments and the challenges of managing processes in a multitasking system.

10:01

🤓 The Distinction Between Multiprogramming, Multitasking, and Multiprocessing

The final paragraph clarifies the distinctions between multiprogramming, multitasking, and multiprocessing. It emphasizes that while multiprogramming and multitasking are related to the efficient use of a single processing unit by multiple processes, multiprocessing involves the use of multiple processing units. The paragraph explains how multiprocessing allows for parallel execution of processes across different CPUs, enhancing system performance. It also hints at the complexities involved in scheduling processes in a multiprocessing environment and sets the stage for further discussion on process scheduling in future content.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Operating System

An operating system is the software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides services for computer programs. In the video, the operating system is central to the discussion of processes, multitasking, and scheduling, which are fundamental concepts in computer science.

💡Multiprogramming

Multiprogramming refers to the ability of an operating system to have multiple processes loaded into memory and ready to execute. The script discusses how multiprogramming allows for efficient use of CPU by keeping multiple processes in the ready queue, which is a key point in the video's explanation of operating system efficiency.

💡Multitasking

Multitasking is the concept of performing multiple tasks simultaneously. The video script uses the term to describe how an operating system can switch between tasks, giving the user the impression of simultaneous execution, even though it might be time-sliced or context-switched.

💡Process

A process is a program in execution. The video script explains processes in the context of their states, such as running, ready, and blocked, which are crucial for understanding process management within an operating system.

💡Scheduling

Scheduling is the method by which an operating system selects which process to run next. The script discusses different types of schedulers, such as long-term and short-term schedulers, which are essential for managing processes in an operating system.

💡Running State

The running state is a process state where the process is currently being executed by the CPU. The video script uses this term to illustrate the transition of processes from the ready state to the running state and vice versa.

💡Ready Queue

The ready queue is a queue in the operating system where processes that are ready to be executed are held. The script mentions the ready queue in the context of multiprogramming, where processes wait to be assigned to the CPU.

💡Context Switch

A context switch is the process of storing and reloading the state of a process so that the CPU can switch between executing different processes. The script refers to context switches in the explanation of multitasking and the movement of processes between states.

💡Time Quantum

Time quantum, also known as the time slice, is the amount of time allocated for a process to execute before the CPU is switched to another process. The video script discusses time quantum in the context of time-sharing systems, where it is used to provide fair CPU access to multiple processes.

💡Response Time

Response time is the amount of time it takes for a system to respond to an input or request. The script mentions response time in the context of multitasking and time-sharing, where it is important for the system to provide quick responses to user inputs.

💡Multiprocessing

Multiprocessing is the use of multiple processing units (CPUs) in a single system to execute multiple processes simultaneously. The video script touches on multiprocessing in the context of multi-core processors and how they can handle multiple processes at the same time.

Highlights

Introduction to the concepts of multiprocessing, multitasking, and multithreading, and their differences.

Explanation of how processes are created and managed in operating systems.

The role of the scheduler in process management and its importance in multitasking.

Difference between running state and blocked state of a process.

Description of how processes are moved between ready and running states.

The concept of short-term scheduler and its function in process execution.

Long-term scheduler's role in bringing processes from disk to memory.

Discussion on the implementation of multitasking and time-sharing systems.

The impact of multitasking on user experience and process execution.

Explanation of time quantum and its role in multitasking.

How response time is affected by multitasking and process scheduling.

The difference between multiprocessing and multitasking in terms of process management.

The concept of preemptive multitasking and its advantages.

How operating systems handle emergency or high-priority processes during multitasking.

The role of interrupts in switching between processes in multitasking environments.

The theoretical underpinnings of multitasking and its practical applications.

Comparison between single-core and multi-core processing in the context of multitasking.

The future of multitasking and multiprocessing in operating systems.