Americans Are Still Tricked by The Biggest Fib in Food History.
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the controversial history and science behind butter's reputation. It critiques the 1960s low-fat movement, sparked by scientist Ansel Keys' diet-heart theory linking saturated fat to heart disease. The script challenges outdated beliefs, citing modern meta-analyses that dispute the connection between butter and heart attacks. It highlights the nutritional benefits of grass-fed butter, advocating for a balanced, informed perspective on dietary fats.
Takeaways
- π§ Butter has been controversial due to its high saturated fat content, but the script questions the validity of the negative reputation based on outdated or flawed studies.
- π¬ The script introduces Ansel Keys, a scientist whose work in the 1960s influenced the perception of butter and other saturated fats as unhealthy, despite potential flaws in his methodology.
- π° Ansel Keys' work was influential enough to be featured in Time Magazine, which helped shape public opinion about the dangers of saturated fat, leading to the low-fat diet movement.
- π Keys' Seven Countries Study, which focused on the dietary habits of different nations, was criticized for cherry-picking data and not accounting for other factors like sugar consumption.
- π The quality of butter can vary significantly based on the diet of the cows, with grass-fed cows producing butter that is nutritionally superior to conventionally raised cows.
- π± Grass-fed butter contains higher levels of beneficial fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-9, and a better omega-6 to omega-3 ratio compared to conventional butter.
- π The script criticizes the use of processed vegetable oils in food, which are often chemically treated and degraded, suggesting they may be more harmful than natural fats like butter.
- π§ Butter, particularly from grass-fed cows, is highlighted as a rich source of essential nutrients like vitamin K2, vitamin A, CLA, MCT, and omega-3 fatty acids, which are crucial for various bodily functions.
- π« The advice to avoid saturated fat is called into question, with the script suggesting that it is based on incomplete or biased research and may not be as detrimental as once believed.
- π The script encourages viewers to look beyond observational studies and consider the quality of the food, rather than just the type of fat, when making dietary choices.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the video script?
-The main topic of the video script is the debate surrounding butter and its health implications, focusing on the historical context and scientific studies that have shaped public opinion.
What is the 'Diet-Heart Theory' as mentioned in the script?
-The 'Diet-Heart Theory' is the hypothesis that saturated fat leads to elevated cholesterol, which in turn leads to heart disease, a theory that was popularized by scientist Ancel Keys.
Who is Ancel Keys and what is his contribution to the discussion on butter and heart disease?
-Ancel Keys was a scientist known for his research into the connection between diet and heart disease. He proposed the Diet-Heart Theory and conducted the Seven Countries Study, which influenced public opinion and dietary guidelines regarding saturated fats like butter.
What is the Seven Countries Study and why is it controversial?
-The Seven Countries Study was a research project led by Ancel Keys that aimed to investigate the relationship between diet and heart disease. It is controversial because it has been criticized for cherry-picking data and not accounting for other factors, leading to potentially skewed conclusions.
What type of study is considered the 'gold standard' in scientific research according to the script?
-A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the 'gold standard' in scientific research because it allows for intervention and control of variables, providing more reliable data to establish cause and effect.
Why did Ancel Keys' study face criticism regarding its methodology?
-Ancel Keys' study faced criticism because it was an observational study, which can form a hypothesis but not necessarily prove cause and effect. Critics argue that it lacked the rigor of a randomized controlled trial and may have been influenced by bias.
What are some of the issues with the oils that have replaced butter in many foods according to the script?
-The issues with the oils that have replaced butter include their production process, which involves chemical treatments and degradation, and their presence in almost all packaged foods, potentially leading to health issues due to their altered composition.
What is the difference between butter from grass-fed cows and conventionally raised cows as per the script?
-Butter from grass-fed cows has a lower overall content of saturated fat, higher levels of omega-9 and omega-3 acids, and a better omega-6 to omega-3 ratio compared to conventional butter, which is considered nutritionally inferior.
What are some of the benefits of consuming grass-fed butter mentioned in the script?
-The benefits of consuming grass-fed butter include its high content of vitamins A and K2, CLA (conjugated linoleic acid), MCT (medium-chain triglycerides), and omega-3 fatty acids, which contribute to heart health, immune function, metabolism, and brain function.
What is the script's stance on the advice to avoid saturated fats?
-The script criticizes the advice to avoid saturated fats, calling it 'lazy advice' and suggesting that it lacks scientific rigor. It emphasizes the importance of considering the quality of fats, such as the difference between butter from grass-fed cows and conventional butter.
Why does the script suggest that the current dietary guidelines regarding fats might be flawed?
-The script suggests that current dietary guidelines might be flawed because they are based on observational studies that do not prove cause and effect, and because they do not differentiate between the quality of different types of fats, such as the difference between grass-fed and conventional butter.
Outlines
π§ The Controversy of Butter's Health Impact
This paragraph introduces the debate surrounding butter's health effects, highlighting the contrasting views people have about it. It sets the stage for an exploration of the historical context and scientific research that has shaped public opinion on butter. The video aims to approach the topic with an open mind, avoiding the polarization that often accompanies discussions about nutrition. The host, Johnny, promises to delve into the scientific evidence to uncover the truth about butter, starting with a look back at the 1960s and the influential work of scientist Ansel Keys, who linked saturated fat to heart disease.
π The Diet-Heart Theory and Its Impact
The second paragraph delves into the origins of the diet-heart theory, which was largely shaped by Ansel Keys' observations and research. Keys' work led to the widespread belief that saturated fats, like those found in butter, were detrimental to heart health. His theories were met with both support and skepticism, but they significantly influenced dietary guidelines and public perception. The paragraph discusses the Seven Countries Study, which further solidified the link between saturated fat and heart disease, despite later criticisms of its methodology and potential biases.
π Reevaluating the Role of Saturated Fat
This paragraph addresses the evolving understanding of saturated fat's role in heart health. It presents a meta-analysis of 45 studies involving over 347,000 participants, which found no solid evidence linking dietary saturated fat to an increased risk of heart attacks. However, the paragraph also acknowledges the ongoing debate and the complexity of studying the effects of saturated fat, including issues of bias, study quality, and the difficulty of measuring the impact of different types of saturated fat.
π± The Benefits of Grass-Fed Butter
The final paragraph focuses on the nutritional benefits of grass-fed butter, contrasting it with conventional butter and other unsaturated fats. It discusses the importance of the quality of the fat we consume, highlighting the differences in fatty acid composition between butter from cows raised on grass versus those fed on conventional diets. The paragraph emphasizes the nutritional advantages of grass-fed butter, including its higher content of beneficial fatty acids and vitamins, and argues against the oversimplified advice to avoid saturated fat.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Butter
π‘Unhealthy
π‘Vibes
π‘Saturated Fat
π‘Ansel Keys
π‘Diet Heart Theory
π‘Observational Study
π‘Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
π‘Grass-fed Butter
π‘Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids
π‘Meta-analysis
Highlights
The video explores the debate around butter's health effects, urging an open-minded approach rather than tribalism.
Butter has a bad reputation, and the video aims to clarify why and whether it's deserved.
Ansel Keys, a scientist from the 1960s, is highlighted as a key figure in linking dietary fat to heart disease.
The 1961 Time Magazine cover story featuring Keys popularized the idea that fat, including butter, was unhealthy.
Keys' work led to the low-fat movement in America, influencing dietary guidelines and public opinion.
Keys' hypothesis, the Diet-Heart Theory, suggested that saturated fat leads to elevated cholesterol and heart disease.
Keys' Seven Countries Study is criticized for its methodology, including cherry-picking data and observational rather than interventional approach.
The video challenges the validity of Keys' conclusions, suggesting they were not based on solid scientific evidence.
Meta-analyses of saturated fat and heart disease show no solid evidence linking dietary saturated fat to increased heart attack risk.
The video discusses the potential bias in studies that conclude saturated fat is harmful, questioning their methodologies.
A study comparing grass-fed and conventionally raised cows shows significant differences in the nutritional content of their butter.
Conventional butter is found to have a higher saturated fat content and lower beneficial fatty acids compared to grass-fed butter.
The video criticizes the use of processed vegetable oils in food, suggesting they are less healthy than natural fats.
The importance of dietary fats, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats, is emphasized for overall health.
Grass-fed butter is highlighted as a source of beneficial nutrients like K2, vitamin A, CLA, MCT, and omega-3 fatty acids.
The video concludes that avoiding saturated fat is lazy advice and encourages a more nuanced understanding of dietary fats.
Transcripts
bad oh
What boat are you in boat one you hate
butter you don't have it in your house
you think it's unhealthy oh two you
think it's unhealthy but you love butter
you just made pancakes with it but both
three you're just here for the Vibes you
might eat butter every now and then but
you don't really know if it's good for
you or not well this video is the river
that all those bolts are in and we're
headed Upstream to the truth it's a good
analogy thank you butter frown or full
enemy or Ally
welcome to no loud core requirement I
out research your doctor to learn
answers to your questions rather you're
confused or just curious my name is
Johnny
I've been waiting to talk about this one
first things first let's not be tribal
about butter we're talking about butter
like lower your shoulders let's approach
this with an open mind I don't know what
it is about the butter conversation that
turns us into barbarians you know people
get defensive over what they believe
that's actually never okay it's like we
take everything in about a topic that we
think will suffice and then we just
completely shut the door on our
conclusion
conclusion only leave it slightly
cracked because that leaves room for new
inside that is science that is genius
butter has a bad rep and most of us
don't even know why we think it is bad
do you know why let's go over it why
didn't we think of this before Batman
hindsight is often better than foresight
old chum ah the 1960s back when the Talk
of the Town literally meant just that
the news hit a little different back
then you couldn't just scroll to the
next headline a Time Magazine was Global
and its covers were usually reserved for
notable figures or celebrities so in the
issue of January 13 1961 displayed a man
in doctor's clothing shooting a solemn
sharp gaze of grim into the eyes of the
reading world we were prompted to listen
up I can't ask 100 people to go through
their phone contacts and expect to find
one mug named Ansel Keys like what that
man was named asuki see Ansel was a
scientist he was brilliant and driven he
was a standout Pioneer of discovering uh
how disease was connected to nutrition
this was around the time that we figured
out smoking might probably be bad for us
McDonald's was fresh on the scene we
just had a world war that sped up modern
day food processing as we know it like
you know lessening the steps from
package to stomach extending its shelf
life we invented Doritos in this time
America was transitioning but there was
this weird thing that kept happening
heart attacks we know that they were the
result of blocked arteries but we didn't
know what blocked the arteries if you
look into the articles of the past you
will realize that specifically
middle-aged men in executive positions
were suffering from these heart attacks
one man particularly put the nation on
high alert the president in 1955 the
Wiley beloved 34th president Dwight D
Eisenhower suffered a non-fatal heart
attack America demanded an answer and we
turned to the medical community and a
few years later we got our answer
saturated fat
saturated fat is just a word for a type
of fat molecule and butter is considered
a saturated fat because it has a high
percentage of said molecule but at the
same time who cares because we don't eat
molecules we eat food people in biblical
times were eating butter and didn't have
a clue what a molecule was back to the
Time Magazine story this is what the
takeaway is Ansel Keys absolutely rips
apart fat anything related to fat fat
edible edible fat dietary fat a fat
people anything fat adjacent all fat all
bad the low-fat movement that ran
America into drinking skim milk and
staying away from marbled meat it all
started right here low fat everything
low-fat Bluetooth the story transcribed
that cholesterol was the problem eat fat
gain cholesterol get fat get heart
disease in that order that means no more
eggs meat dairy or anything fat not only
were these Foods deemed as the problem
but stress hypertension smoking and
physical inactivity weren't seen as the
problem Ansel was backed up by the
American Heart Association as well which
a few weeks later released a report
basically echoing what was reported in a
Time cover story yeah Ansel was one of
the authors so really America is getting
this advice from one big party
I kept my opinion out of this video up
until this point because here's the
kicker
Ansel Keys claims he doesn't know all of
the science and mechanisms of
cholesterol but he regards its
connection to heart disease has proved
to not fully understand something but to
yet draw a conclusion that is not
Science Now quickly I I don't want this
to be me painting and so Keys as a bad
guy a lot of people have done that
there's been books there's been podcast
episodes of blogs videos a bunch of
people kind of painting them out to be
this villain and after we have learned
so much about heart disease and
cholesterol we realized like we were
super wrong like we were way off where
do we even get this information from
naturally we tracked it back and we
found Ansel Keyes work so he became the
villain but there are institutions
defending his work as well it's not easy
being the first to something I'm not
choosing a side it is what it is but we
have to look at what made answer key say
that eating saturated fat was bad we
gotta rewind a little bit before Time
Magazine before all the hullabaloo like
before this thing blue up what happened
Italy was enjoying healthy Hearts so
much so that an Italian colleague of
keys reached out to him and said come
see for yourself heart disease is no
problem here just like that Keys is in
Italy he brings his equipment he's
measuring blood pressure and heart stuff
all on the streets he's in the hospitals
with him he finds virtually no heart
issues after noting how different the
Italians ate keish started to form the
diet heart Theory the hypothesis that
saturated fat leads to elevated
cholesterol which leads to heart disease
he traveled a bit more analyzed more
data analyzed more blood and started to
find a relationship that supported his
theory in 1955 the World Health
Organization hosted a meeting to talk
about heart attacks and so Phil it was
finally his time to share what he had
been discovering and people who knew key
said he kind of spoke in a blunt way he
was given the floor with all the
confidence in the world he presented
them the diet heart Theory and he was
rejected borderline mocked he was shot
down in the most professional Act
Academic Way you ever been insulted by
somebody by words you have to look up
after his evidence was diminished
because it was an argument of
Association it was all just based on
stuff he just kind of seen fully
dejected Ansel promised himself he's
going to prove the snotty no's who
fellowshipping folk wrong he said that
those are his words and so we'll then go
on to start one of the most
controversial studies of all time the
seven country study United States Italy
Greece Yugoslavia Netherlands Finland
and Japan Angela and his team of
researchers got
they put in some groundwork in all of
these countries we're talking about
analyzing blood blood pressure ECGs
anthropometric measurements cholesterol
the whole shebang like the data
collection was real but even more real
was his hypothesis Ansel felt that he
had finally collected some legit data to
back up what he thought in the first
place and he took it to the streets next
thing you know he's on a cover of Time
Magazine he gets as celebrities as a
dude in a lab coat could get we're
talking Bill Nye the Science Guy
uh Dexter
Curious George he had his time with
shine but like I said as we grew more
knowledgeable about the subject we
realized that his study didn't really
hold up in fact it was torn apart it was
broken down and scrutinized he was
accused of cherry-picking certain
countries to support his theory he was
accused of uh measuring the Greek folk
during Lent so that he could skew the
results he was accused of not regarding
sugar and take a whole bunch of stuff
that's where you get into debate with
all the other nerds this nerd me Johnny
myself and you as well we're going to
talk about the real problem here
look at you you're beautiful
all right now hit the like button come
on let's have a mutual relationship are
you ready for this you ready the problem
what is this the problem the problem
with Ansel Keys is study was that it was
observational in scientific study there
is a spectrum of quality when it comes
to data the gold standard yielding the
highest form of respectable legitimate
data comes from what we call a
randomized controlled trial or RCT so in
an RCT if we're measuring diet and heart
attacks we're going to separate people
into groups group one we're going to
feed them food we think will cause a
heart attack group two we're going to
feed them Foods we think will not cause
our heart attack and then group three to
really balance out the results we're not
going to give them anything you adjust
for variables like age and sex and boom
you got your results you can even make
that more rigorous by making the
participants or even the researchers
blind to what they're testing you can
even throw in a placebo effect somewhere
the point is is that there is
intervention observational studies lack
that you go in make sure measurements
observe then make some Mo observational
studies are still legit science and
that's actually how we start things off
we make an observation we make a guess
and then we test it but at the very best
observational studies can form a
hypothesis you were taught this in
middle school and educated guess you
can't form a conclusion let alone tell
Time Magazine about the results you
found in a study where you didn't
intervene you ain't testing none yet the
reason we have low fat anything in the
grocery store to this day is because of
this seven countries observational study
we observe that ice cream cells go up in
the summer but so does horrendous acts
does one cause the other I would hope
not you can't prove cause and effect
through observation alone ladies and
gentlemen now for the part you've all
been waiting for it's time for the truth
about saturated fat and butter
meta-analysis unsaturated fat 45 studies
analyze 347 000 plus participant total
conclusion no solid evidence that
dietary saturated fat is associated with
an increased risk of a heart attack this
was going to be the study that kicked
off a montage of me list listing a bunch
of other studies with similar findings
bam case close but I had to look a
little closer that study garnered a
response from other scientists who
believed that the conclusion that they
drew was inaccurate because of an over
adjustment and over adjustment can skew
the results toward their bias in order
to appease their hypothesis in other
words scientists called them out for
Tina's system
[Music]
had a connection with a dairy
institution so there could be bias
measuring the effects of saturated fat
is inherently difficult not only that
but all studies aren't used in the same
type of saturated fat and there's levels
of quality as well every single study I
come across hardly ever mentions the
quality of the saturated fat and even
less studies directly compare the
quality of butter but I found one and
it's a good one
and control double blind randomize
intervention study the researchers
weighed up free roaming cows fed on
grass-fed diets against those raised in
conventional standards raised mostly
indoors on corn silage wheat barley
silage and a bunch of other stuff just
so we're clear cows if it wasn't for a
human intervention would probably eat
about 90 grass they wouldn't eat corn or
grain definitely not corn they can't
even reach the top of the stock so
they're not designed to we really don't
know all the things that conventional
farmers are putting into these feeds
these are just the things that they have
shared with us some Farmers Feed their
cows straight candy he began to buy
secondhand candy it has a higher ratio
of fat than actually feeding straight
corn lots of happy cattle
uh just like humans cows are what they
eat and if we think for one second that
a stressed out cow fed candy is going to
produce the same quality butter as a
grass-fed free roaming cow then we trip
the study comparing the two groups of
cows found major differences in their
butter conventional butter has an
overall higher content of saturated fat
than grass-fed butter conventional
butter has 17 percent less omega-9 acid
33 less omega-3 acid and the omega-6 to
Omega-3 ratio is 45 percent higher than
grass-fed butter oh
now around here like I said we don't eat
molecules we eat food so all the Omega
talk it can go a little deep I actually
made a separate video on that that you
can check out in the description for now
we have to understand that these are two
of the same foods but nutritionally are
like night and day the advice was to
replace butter with unsaturated fats and
trust me we've done that vegetable oil
is an umbrella term for all the oils we
consume in our Foods soybean oil
sunflower oil peanut oil canola oil and
so on these oils are degraded basically
the instant humans touch them we
chemically treat them which we winterize
them deodorize them de-gum them
neutralize them bleach them I don't want
anything to do with anything that's been
through that kind of trauma after these
oils are produced they're thrown into
basically every packaged food you see in
their grocery stores and in the gas
stations I'm not kidding check the label
their processed to the point to where
they are a fraction of what they once
were and that kind comes with side
effects I used to be a busboy I was
underpaid and poorly treated every night
I went home with a bad attitude and a
wet laugh because of all the dishes I
washed I imagine this is how our cells
feel when we give them these oils this
is the big question though Johnny why do
we put these oils in our food it's hard
to consume or even produce foods without
some form of fat we need it for texture
flavor to bind ingredients so on and so
on of course big corporations aren't
necessarily concerned about which oil
does the trick as long as it's cheap
because their main concern is their
bottom line
we were already given natural fats from
the Earth but we developed a system that
frankensteined them we are eating the
same butter our great great grandparents
ate and they sure wouldn't be eating no
man-made margarine wow this is garbage
fatty acids are special puzzle pieces
that the body cannot live without the
brain is 60 fat and our cell membranes
are 50 fat we need fat to absorb certain
vitamins a d e and K we need saturated
fat
monounsaturated fat polyunsaturated fat
and high quality butter provides a vast
array of them all we need fat all right
folks time for another episode of Johnny
tell me the benefits of grass-fed butter
please I'm your host Johnny and let's
get into it it's one of the only places
you can get K2 a vitamin responsible for
making sure calcium ends up in the right
spots and not the wrong ones it is also
rich in the vitamin that is special and
famous for eyesight but vitamin A is
also important for the immune system so
you don't get sick of these people it
has CLA MCT and omega-3 we're talking a
fortified heart a more efficient
metabolism and a sharper brain so you
can come up with
better comebacks when somebody
disrespects you
being told to avoid saturated fat is
lazy advice as well as being told to sit
up straight no kidding I made a video on
that and it's coming up on the screen
I'm gonna patch away
[Music]
thank you
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