James Webb Telescope Detects a Structure that Should Not Exist

Summary

The James Webb Space Telescope has made groundbreaking discoveries, challenging existing theories about the universe. It has found massive ancient galaxies, potential life-supporting exoplanets, early supermassive black holes, and intricate cosmic structures. These findings, from the Horsehead Nebula to the mysterious 'Jellyfish' galaxy cluster, are reshaping our understanding of the cosmos.

Takeaways

• 🌌 The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered six massive ancient galaxies in the Orion Nebula, challenging previous theories about the formation of the first galaxies.
• 🪐 The discovery of exoplanet K218b with water vapor and carbon-bearing molecules like methane and carbon dioxide suggests potential conditions for life.
• 🌌 Astronomers spotted a string of 10 galaxies arranged like a string just 830 million years after the Big Bang, indicating the early formation of cosmic structures.
• 🌑 The telescope captured supermassive black holes in the early Universe, including the most distant black hole ever seen in X-rays, suggesting rapid growth in the early Universe.
• 🌠 The Horsehead Nebula (Barnard 33) has been imaged in unprecedented detail, revealing small-scale structures and the process of dust particle evaporation.
• 💥 The aftermath of a supernova, Copernicus A, has been studied in detail, showing the role of warm dust in planet and life formation.
• 🌟 The Serpent's Nebula, a star-forming region, has revealed aligned protostellar outflows and a planet-forming disc, adding to our understanding of star birth.
• 🌌 Unseen features in the Milky Way's heart, including needle-like structures in ionized hydrogen, have been captured by the James Webb Telescope.
• 🌍 The discovery of a new planet, TOI 7115b, in the habitable zone of its star, suggests potential for life due to its proximity to a red dwarf star.
• 🌌 The 'Cosmic jellyfish' in the Abel 2877 galaxy cluster, visible only in a narrow band of radio light, is the largest structure of its kind observed in a specific frequency range.

Q & A

What significant discovery was made by the James Webb Space Telescope in the Orion Nebula?

The James Webb Space Telescope discovered six massive ancient galaxies in the Orion Nebula that are so red they must have formed just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang, challenging previous beliefs about the timeline of galaxy formation.

How does the discovery of K218b's atmosphere contribute to the potential for life on the exoplanet?

The atmosphere of K218b contains water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, and even dimethyl sulfide, which is produced by living organisms on Earth. These compounds suggest a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and the presence of water, which are considered perfect conditions for life.

What is the significance of the 10 galaxies found by the James Webb Space Telescope arranged like a string?

These galaxies are significant because they were spotted just 830 million years after the Big Bang, suggesting that they might grow into a huge cluster of galaxies. Their existence challenges our current understanding of the timeline of galaxy formation.

What is unique about the early supermassive black holes discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope?

The uniqueness lies in the fact that these black holes were found in the early Universe, even when they hadn't had much time to grow by consuming stars and clouds of gas and dust. One black hole, in particular, was found in a galaxy called UHZ1, which is 13.2 billion light years from Earth.

What new information has been revealed about the Horsehead Nebula by the James Webb Space Telescope?

The James Webb Space Telescope has revealed small scale structures of the illuminated edge of the Horsehead Nebula for the first time. It has also shown how dust particles are being swept away from the cloud as they are evaporated by UV light, creating complicated patterns.

What role does the warm dust found in the aftermath of a star explosion in Copia A play in planet and life formation?

The warm dust in Copia A is believed to play a huge role in forming planets and life, as most of this kind of dust is thought to come from the heavy elements thrown out by supernovae.

What unusual feature was found in the Serpent's Nebula by the James Webb Space Telescope?

The telescope found aligned protostellar outflows, which are jets of gas expelled by newborn stars interacting with the surrounding gas and dust. These outflows are all aligned in the same direction, a phenomenon that has never been seen before.

How does the discovery of the super earth TOI 7115b enhance our understanding of potentially habitable planets?

TOI 7115b is a super earth that orbits a red dwarf star, which is smaller and cooler than our sun. It is located in the habitable zone where conditions might be right for liquid water, making it a prime candidate for the potential existence of life.

What is the significance of the discovery of the gigantic jellyfish in the galaxy cluster Abel 2877?

The gigantic jellyfish, a cosmic phenomenon over 1 million light years wide, is significant because it can only be seen in a narrow band of radio light, and it may be a radio phoenix, a structure that is bright at regular FM radio frequencies but disappears at 200 MHz.

What does the discovery of water vapor around the young star system PDS 70 suggest about the potential for water on future planets?

The discovery of hot water vapor around PDS 70 suggests that it could be forming naturally within the star system or coming from icy dust particles that move inward from the cooler outer part of the system. This means that any planets that form there could have water from the very beginning.

Outlines

00:00

🌌 Early Galaxies Challenge Cosmic Formation Theories

Astronomers have discovered six massive, ancient galaxies in the Orion Nebula using the James Webb Space Telescope. These galaxies, dating back 13.3 billion years, formed only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang, contradicting previous beliefs that it took much longer for such structures to form. One of these galaxies is a trillion times more massive than our Sun and ten times the size of the Milky Way. The discovery suggests that the universe's early stages were more active than previously thought, potentially requiring a rewrite of cosmic history.

05:00

🌠 Unraveling the Mysteries of Exoplanets and Cosmic Web Origins

The script delves into the discovery of water vapor and carbon-bearing molecules on the exoplanet K218b, suggesting conditions conducive to life. Additionally, it discusses the observation of ten galaxies arranged like a string, only 830 million years after the Big Bang, challenging our understanding of the universe's structure. This cosmic string may evolve into a massive galaxy cluster, and the presence of a super bright quasar indicates a galaxy with a giant black hole at its center.

10:02

🌑 Supermassive Black Holes and Nebulae Reveal the Universe's Secrets

The James Webb Space Telescope has captured images of supermassive black holes in the early universe, including the most distant black hole seen in X-rays, UHZ1, which is 13.2 billion light years from Earth. This black hole, existing just 470 million years after the Big Bang, is as massive as the total mass of all stars in its host galaxy. The Horsehead Nebula, or Barnard 33, is also revealed in unprecedented detail, showing small-scale structures illuminated by a nearby hot star.

15:03

🚀 Uncovering the Cosmic Dust and Star Formation in Serpent's Nebula

Astronomers have found aligned protostellar outflows in the Serpent's Nebula, a phenomenon never seen before, suggesting a coordinated direction of gas expulsion from newborn stars. The nebula, 1300 light years from Earth, is a region of active star formation, with the James Webb Telescope revealing features such as the 'Bat Shadow,' a planet-forming disc with a flapping appearance.

20:05

🌟 Unveiling the Milky Way's Core and Unusual Structures

The James Webb Space Telescope has provided detailed images of the Sagittarius sea region, near the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole, revealing 500,000 stars and mysterious needle-like structures in ionized hydrogen. Additionally, a cluster of protostars in the process of forming was spotted, adding to the intriguing features of our galaxy's core.

25:06

🌍 The Moon's Mysterious Hut and Cosmic Revelations

The script concludes with the discovery of a 'mysterious hut' on the far side of the moon by China's Yutu-2 rover, which turned out to be a rock formation resembling a rabbit, named Jade Rabbit. This discovery, while not of extraterrestrial origin, offers insights into the moon's geology. The video also teases the potential future discoveries of the James Webb Telescope, inviting viewers to speculate on what the next cosmic revelation might be.

Keywords

💡Orion Nebula

The Orion Nebula, also known as M42, is a famous stellar nursery where stars are born. It is a significant region in astronomy due to its active star formation. In the video's context, it is mentioned as the location where the James Webb Space Telescope found new carbon compounds, which are essential for life, and where unusual structures like 'Jumbos' were discovered.

💡James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, space-based observatory that is considered the scientific successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. It is designed to observe the universe in infrared and has been instrumental in many recent astronomical discoveries. The video discusses multiple findings made using the JWST, emphasizing its role in rewriting our understanding of the cosmos.

💡Exoplanet

An exoplanet, or extrasolar planet, is a planet that orbits a star outside our solar system. The study of exoplanets is crucial for understanding planetary systems beyond Earth. The script mentions K218b, an exoplanet with the potential for life due to the presence of water vapor and carbon-bearing molecules in its atmosphere.

💡Cosmic Web

The cosmic web refers to the large-scale structure of the universe, consisting of galaxies and galaxy clusters interconnected by vast filaments of dark matter and gas. The video describes the discovery of 10 galaxies arranged like a string, which is an early representation of the cosmic web, challenging existing theories about the universe's formation.

💡Supermassive Black Holes

Supermassive black holes are black holes with masses of millions to billions of times the mass of our sun. They are typically found at the centers of galaxies and play a significant role in galaxy evolution. The script discusses the discovery of early supermassive black holes in the universe, which existed when they theoretically should not have had enough time to grow so large.

💡Horsehead Nebula

The Horsehead Nebula, or Barnard 33, is a well-known dark nebula in the constellation Orion. It is famous for its iconic pillar-like structures that are being illuminated by nearby stars. The video mentions the detailed observations of this nebula by the JWST, which allows astronomers to study the small-scale structures of its illuminated edge for the first time.

💡Supernova

A supernova is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star, which outshines an entire galaxy for a short period. It marks the end of a massive star's life and can result in the formation of a neutron star or a black hole. The script refers to the observation of the aftermath of a supernova explosion, known as 'Copia A,' which provides insights into the formation of planets and life due to the presence of warm dust.

💡Sagittarius A*

Sagittarius A* is the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. It is a key area of study for understanding the dynamics of our galaxy. The video discusses the detailed images captured by the JWST of the Sagittarius sea region, revealing mysterious structures and protostars in the vicinity of this black hole.

💡Jumbo

In the context of the video, 'Jumbo' refers to Jupiter Mass binary objects, which are free-floating planetary-mass binary systems found in the Orion Nebula. These objects are unique as they are not tied to any stars and have masses ranging from 0.6 to 14 times that of Jupiter. The video highlights the discovery of around 40 such Jumbos by the JWST.

💡Star Formation

Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds collapse to form stars. It is a fundamental area of astronomical research. The video describes the detailed observations of star formation in the 'Rho Ophiuchi complex' using the JWST, revealing young stars and high-speed streams of gas and particles.

Highlights

James Webb Space Telescope discovers six massive ancient galaxies dating back to 13.3 billion years, challenging previous beliefs about the formation of early stars and galaxies.

One of the galaxies, referred to as a 'Universe breaker', is a trillion times more massive than our sun and 10 times the size of the Milky Way.

Astronomers find water vapor and carbon-bearing molecules like methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of exoplanet K218b, suggesting potential for life.

Ten galaxies arranged like a string, spotted 830 million years after the Big Bang, indicate the early formation of cosmic structures.

Early supermassive black holes, including the most distant one seen in X-rays in galaxy UHZ1, suggest rapid growth in the early universe.

Horsehead Nebula's small scale structures are revealed for the first time, showing the process of dust particle evaporation and pattern formation.

Copia A, the aftermath of a star explosion, reveals warm dust and debris fragments crucial for planet and life formation.

Unseen features in the Milky Way's heart, including needle-like structures in ionized hydrogen, defy known patterns and challenge scientific understanding.

Jumbo objects in the Orion Nebula, free-floating planetary mass binary systems, exhibit unexpected binary stability.

The telescope's infrared capabilities reveal never-before-seen details in star formation, such as the Rho Ophiuchi complex.

Ring Nebula's concentric arcs reveal interactions between gas and a smaller companion star, creating ripples in the nebula's structure.

Record-breaking distant galaxy Jade's GSZ14 shines brightly, indicating the presence of young stars and oxygen, suggesting multiple generations of massive stars.

TOI 7115b, a potentially habitable super-Earth, orbits a red dwarf star and could have liquid water, increasing the chances of life.

Gigantic cosmic jellyfish in the Abel 2877 galaxy cluster, visible only in a specific radio frequency range, is the largest of its kind.

Methylation, a carbon compound essential for life, is found in space for the first time in the young star system DDD 2356.

Cryo-volcano activity on the dwarf planet Ceres suggests the presence of frozen substances like ice and salts.

Comet Lovejoy releases alcohol and sugar into space, indicating comets may have contributed to life's emergence on Earth.

Water vapor found around the young star system PDS 70 suggests the potential for water-rich planets in its system.

N63A, resembling the Pac-Man character, is a cloud of hot glowing gas from a star explosion, indicating ongoing star formation.

GW Orionis star system features a planet potentially orbiting three stars, marking a unique celestial configuration.

Ross 128b, a super-Earth 11 light years away, is in the habitable zone of its star, making it a prime candidate for life.

A giant gap in the Milky Way, the Perseus Taurus supershell, created by a supernova, has helped form new stars around its edges.

China's Yutu-2 rover discovers a 'mysterious hut' on the far side of the Moon, later identified as a rock formation named Jade Rabbit.

The first-ever photo of a supermassive black hole in Messier 87 reveals a helix-shaped stream, caused by an extensive magnetic field.

Transcripts

astronomers may have found a new type of

object in the Orion Nebula serpents is a

famous Stellar Nursery what if I told

you the James web telescope just found

something in space that shouldn't

exist and not just one or two but

multiple structures like that six

massive galaxies recently discovered by

NASA using data released from the James

web Space Telescope scientists are

confused because they might just need to

rewrite the textbooks let's take a look

at what they have discovered number one

massive ancient galaxies in an otherwise

ordinary background six bright red spots

of light were discovered by James web

telescope and these are no ordinary

spots they are actually some of the

earliest and largest galaxies ever found

dating back up to

13.3 billion years these six spots were

so red that they must have formed just a

few hundred million years after the big

bang and from what the scientists

previously believed these structures

couldn't even have formed back then

experts used to think that it took a lot

longer for the first stars and galaxies

to form but in reality these ancient

galaxies were already massive and

bustling with star formation just a few

hundred million years after the big bang

one of these Universe breaker galaxies

is a trillion times more massive than

our sun and 10 times the size of the

Milky Way that's huge so in the long run

this discovery has somewhat Disturbed

everyone because the universe didn't

begin like we thought it did and the

dark ages for the universe may not have

been so dark after

all number two new finds in exoplanet

molecules for some reason astronomers

have been obsessed with finding an

exoplanet and among many candidates

there's

k218b one which has life why is that

well for one they found water vapor in

its atmosphere and quite recently James

web found carbon bearing molecules like

methane and carbon dioxide so yes k218b

may have a hydrogen Rich atmosphere and

water ocean perfect conditions for life

huh wait till I tell you that there was

even detection of the compound dimethyl

sulfide as well and guess who produces

that on Earth just living organisms I'm

sure you're smart enough to connect the

dots here number three origins of the

cosmic web astronomers using NASA's

James web Space Telescope also spotted

10 Galaxies arranged like a string just

830 million years after the big bang

that's like finding a childhood picture

of this universe but why is it a big

deal because du these galaxies couldn't

even have existed back then from our

current understand standing yeah it

looks like it was pretty inaccurate

wasn't it also this structure is about 3

million light years long and it's

anchored by a super bright quazar which

is a galaxy with a giant black hole at

its Center and guess what this line of

galaxies might grow into a huge cluster

of galaxies like the coma cluster we

know in our neighborhood in the

universe number four early super massive

black holes you probably know that black

holes actually grow in size by consuming

passing stars and clouds of gas and dust

thanks to James web scientists have now

captured super massive black holes

lurking in the early Universe even when

they haven't had much time to Feast on

their surroundings in fact it also

captured the most distant black hole

ever seen in x-rays in a galaxy called

uhz one the mind-blowing part uhz 1 is a

solid 13.2 billion light years from

Earth meaning meaning we're watching the

black hole as it existed just 470

million years after the big bang this

black hole has an estimated Mass between

10 million and 100 million times the

mass of the sun which is downright

unbelievable when you consider that it's

comparable to the total mass of all the

stars in its host Galaxy number five

Horsehead nebula this nebula is also

known as Barnard 33 and is about 1,300

light years away and all thanks to the

instruments on the web telescope

astronomers have been able to see the

small scale structures of the

illuminated edge of the HSE head for the

very first time it formed from a

collapsing Interstellar cloud and gets

its glow from being illuminated by a

nearby hot star the gas clouds around

the HSE head have mostly dispersed but

the iconic pillar shape is made of dense

material that's hanging tough but ason

suspect that the hsee head has around 5

million years left before it starts to

fade away now astronomers can track how

dust particles are being swept away from

the cloud as they're evaporated by UV

light and then create some really

complicated

patterns number six the dust left by a

supernova and then there's copia a the

aftermath of a star explosion 11,000

light years away which happened around 3

140 years ago in the copia constellation

we can still see its remains today

astronomers though are particularly

transfixed by the warm dust which plays

a huge role in forming planets and life

most of this kind of dust is believed to

come from the heavy elements thrown out

by

Supernova because of James web we can

now see the tiny fragments of this

debris made up of sulfur oxygen argon

and neon all all glowing in beautiful

orange and light pink Hues the dark gaps

you see in the image are caused by those

tiny fragments piercing through the gas

leaving a cosmic trail of bullet holes

and as if that's not amazing enough we

can even see light Echoes it's where the

original light of the Supernova gets

absorbed and reprocessed as infrared

light by the space stuff around

it number seven a star forming region

thousand thousand of miles away then

there's Serpent's nebula which is about,

1300 light years from Earth this area

which covers about 16 trillion miles by

11 trillion miles is where many young

stars are taking their first breaths and

NASA's James web Space Telescope found

many unusual things in this nebula all

thanks to it they found aligned

protostellar outflows basically jets of

gas expelled by newborn Stars

interacting with the surrounding gas and

dust these outflows are all aligned in

the same direction which has never been

seen before not to mention it also

brought forward the bat Shadow a planet

forming disc that looks like it's

flapping impressive isn't

it number eight unseen features in Milky

Way's heart not just that we're getting

a lot more information about our

Galaxy's dense Center all thanks to the

James web Space Telescope the

telescope's near infrared camera

recently captured the most detailed

image of the Sagittarius sea region

which is around 300 light years from the

Milky Ways Central super massive black

hole in this image we can see like

500,000 Stars so it's no surprise that

some truly mysterious structures have

left astronomers scratching their heads

I'm talking about some needle-like

structures in ionized hydrogen that seem

to defy all known patterns and they're

much bigger than the scientific

Community initially thought them to be

and that's not all a cluster of Proto

stars stars that are still in the

process of forming and gaining mass was

also spotted number nine jumbo if you're

into space I'm sure you've heard of

jumbos no not the sandwich I'm talking

about Jupiter Mass binary objects

they're these Wild free floating

planetary Mass binary systems in the

Orion Nebula about 1,350 light years

away from us James web found around 40

of these jumbos and they're like nothing

we've ever seen before each one has two

parts kind of like a double Planet

situation with masses ranging from 0.6

to 14 times that of Jupiter and they're

not tied to any stars they're just out

there on their own astronomers use this

super powerful telescope called the Carl

G jansky very large array to pick up

radio waves coming from one of these

jumbo systems called jumbo 24 the radio

signals are steady and come from both

parts of the binary and it's honestly

quite shocking because these jumbos

shouldn't be able to form or stay

together as binary systems number 10

analyzing star formation in depth

scientists have always been curious

about star formation but stars form in

dense clouds of gas and dust right well

usually dust blocks most of the visible

light so we can't see much but that's

where James web comes in as its infrared

radiation that cuts through that dust

and lets us see into all the never seen

before details particularly speaking

there's the row Uchi complex which is

only 390 light years away from us the

telescope captured a Frozen in Time

Explosion featuring around 50 young

Stars many of them about the same mass

as our sun and if it wasn't for James

web you'd be as good as seeing a black

image but what blows my mind the most is

that the telescope's images have also

captured dozens of young low mass stars

along with the high-speed streams of gas

and particles they emit lighting up

surrounding clouds of molecular hydrogen

number 11 Circles of the Ring Nebula and

then there's Ring Nebula also known as

M57 in the Lyra constellation we all

know it's one of the coolest planetary

nebula out there and it's not too far

from us only about 2,500 light years

away but the James web telescope has

truly blown everyone's Minds by

revealing some awesome details about

this nebula the ring itself is made up

of about 20,000 clumps of molecular

hydrogen and the inner region is filled

with super hot gas the main shell has

this thin ring of carbon-based molecules

called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

that's a mouthful but it just means that

there's a ring of enhanced emission from

these molecules in there what sets M57

apart in the images are these 10

concentric arcs beyond the main ring

astronomers think these arcs were formed

near the dying star when gas interacted

with a smaller companion Star as this

little companion star moved through the

gas that was ejected by the dying star

it created these ripples in the nebula's

structure how cool is

that number 12 record-breaking distant

Galaxy in 2023 because of this telescope

scientists first spotted the most

distant known Galaxy and it broke all

the records it was named Jade's

gsz14 and it's not your average

Discovery first off this galaxy is

shining incredibly bright which is rare

for something so far away

even more fascinating is the fact that

its predecessor Jade's

gsz 130 came into existence 320 million

years after the big bang but this one is

even older spread over 1,600 light years

across the light is primarily coming

from Young Stars rather than a growing

super massive black hole so the Galaxy

is several hundreds of millions of times

the mass of our sun also there's the

presence of oxygen in the light

emissions and if you're not sure what

that means let me tell you that multiple

generations of massive stars had already

lived and died by the time we first saw

this

galaxy number 13 a super earth

scientists have also found a new planet

called toi

7115b 137 light years away that may be

just right for life it orbits a star

that's smaller and cooler than our sun

called a red dwarf this type of star is

known for hosting rocky planets and

there our best bet for finding places

where life could exist because red

dwarfs are smaller and cooler planets

can orbit closer to them and still be in

the habitable zone where conditions

might be right for liquid water this new

planet toi

7115b makes a complete orbit around its

star every 19 days

that's super fast compared to Earth's

year the good news is that because of

this Speedy orbit planets like toi 715b

cross in front of their Stars more often

making them much easier to spot there's

even a chance that there's another

earth-sized planet in the same system

number 14 the ghostly jellyfish now it's

time for my favorite one scientists

recently discovered a gigantic jellyfish

in a far away Galaxy cluster called Abel

2877 this Cosmic jellyfish is over 1

million light years wide and it can only

be seen in a narrow band of radio light

scientists think it might be a radio

Phoenix it's bright at regular FM radio

frequencies but at 200 mahz the emission

Orit disappears this makes it the

largest structure of its kind ever

observed in such a specific spefic

frequency range basically it's born from

a big explosion like a black hole

outburst and then Fades over millions of

years before being re-energized by

another Cosmic event like a Galaxy

Collision this causes it to Glow

brightly in certain radio frequencies

while disappearing in others number 15

Orion bar oh and scientists using NASA's

James web Space Telescope ALS also found

a new carbon compound called methylation

in space for the first time this

molecule is quite a big deal because

it's the one that creates more complex

carbon-based molecules which are a must

for creating life they spotted this

compound in a young star system called

DDD

2356 about

1,350 light years away in the Orion

Nebula the star system was they found it

receives strong UV light from nearby hot

young massive stars which would normally

destroy complex organic molecules but

surprisingly the team believes that it

might actually help create

methylation once formed it can then

promote the formation of more complex

carbon molecules number 16 ice volcanoes

the dwarf planet series which is located

in the asteroid belt between Mars and

Jupiter has a volcano on it that's right

it's not a regular volcano that erupts

fire and lava though this one is a bit

different quite the opposite actually

it's called auna mons and scientists

believe it's a type of volcano called a

cryo volcano instead of erupting hot

molten rock it's thought to erupt Frozen

substances like ice salts and other

materials and that too while series was

thought to be a dead World geologically

speaking so the fact that it has a

volcano even a cryo volcano is quite

unusual but this type of volcanic

activity where Frozen substances are

erupted has also been seen on other

moons in our solar system like Enceladus

Europa and

Triton number 17 Comet which sprays

alcohol across space and if you don't

know about Comet Lovejoy you need to

comet love joy was especially

interesting because it was one of the

brightest and most active comets in a

long time it passed closest to the Sun

in January 2015 releasing water at a

rate of 20 tons per second however

scientists recently discovered that this

comet has been pouring a lot of alcohol

and even some sugar into space at its

peak the amount of alcohol it released

was equivalent to at least 500 bottles

of wine every second some alcohol lovers

might have a field day if they could get

to it but this discovery also tells us

that comets might have carried the stuff

necessary for life to emerge on

Earth number 18 the Galaxy's hidden

protective barrier and did you know that

the center of our galaxy The Milky Way

acts like a massive particle accelerator

shooting out beams of charged matter

called cosmic rays into space at almost

the speed of light scientists recently

discovered something interesting about

these cosmic rays near the Galactic

Center despite the abundance of cosmic

rays coming out of the center there

seems to be a mysterious barrier

preventing a lot of them from entering

the center scientists think this barrier

could be caused by a complex mix of

magnetic fields associated with the

super massive black hole at the heart of

our galaxy called Sagittarius a number

19 water on a star system the James web

Space Telescope also found water vapor

around a young star system called PDS 70

which is still in the process of making

planets this is a huge deal because it's

in the area where rocky planets like

Earth usually form PDS 70 is about 5.4

million years old and before this

discovery we thought it didn't have much

water because of the strong star

radiation however the telescope SC found

hot water vapor at a temperature of

about

330° c not too far from the Star now

scientists are trying to figure out

where this water came from and they

think it could be forming naturally

within the star system or it might be

coming from Icy dust particles that move

inward from the cooler outer part of the

system and turn into gas near the star

if we find planets there they could have

water from the very beginning let's see

what what it is number 20 space Pac-Man

n63a located in the large melanic Cloud

Galaxy about 163,000 light years from us

looks a lot like the video game

character Pac-Man it's a leftover from

when a star exploded a long time ago in

a galaxy far far away this explosion

made a cloud of hot glowing gas that

happens to look like the video game

character and around the Pac-Man shape

there are a bunch of young stars that

look like the power bullets that Pac-Man

gobbles up in the game n63a is still

pretty young and as it settles down

it'll probably start making its own new

stars number 21 GW

orionis scientists also discovered this

star system called GW orionis that's

about 1,300 light years away from us in

this system a planet orbits not one not

two but three stars

simultaneously it's like a giant

Bullseye in space with three Dusty rings

around it at the center of the bullseye

are three

stars two of the stars are close

together and orbit each other while the

third star moves around the other two

more widely scientists recently found

that the three rings in the star system

are a bit wobbly and they think that's

because there's a huge Planet about the

Sun size of Jupiter inside one of the

Rings if they're right this planet would

be the first ever discovered to orbit

three

stars number 22 Ross

128b scientists think it's probably made

of rock and this planet is not too far

from us just 11 light years away it's

called a super Earth because it's a bit

bigger than our planet but what makes

this planet special is that it's in

what's called The Habit able zone of its

star Ross

128 this means it's at the right

distance from its star for liquid water

to exist that's a big deal because where

there's water there could be life the

star at orbits Ross

128 is smaller and cooler than our sun

which might make it more likely for Ross

128b to support life Ross

128b gets more life than Earth so

scientists think it could still have a

climate kind of like ours maybe with

some high altitude clouds that reflect

light oh and it's also the second

closest known planet to us that might

have the right conditions for Life After

Proxima centor

B number 23 giant Gap found in the Milky

Way and guess what else the satellites

found two huge clouds of gas in space

that look like they're really close to

each other almost like they're touching

what's the big deal about that well you

see recent studies using 3D maps show

that these clouds are actually quite far

apart like hundreds of light years far

apart there's this massive empty space

between them so it's all just a big

optical illusion this empty space is

called the pereus Taurus superhell and

it's about 500 light years wide and it

was apparently created by the huge

explosion called a supernova millions of

years ago the cool part is this

explosion actually helped to make new

stars around the edges of the empty

space so it's kind of a Bittersweet

space love story with a happy ending

number 24 Moon Hut China's ut22 Rover

spotted what looked like a mysterious

Hut on The Far Side of the Moon people

were pretty excited and started guessing

if it could be an alien structure or

something maybe it's a grandma living

alone on the Moon and what not but the

guesses were wrong it turned out to be a

big rock that looks like a rabbit the

Rover team named it Jade Rabbit after a

figure from Chinese mythology they're

planning to figure out what the Rock is

made of although it's not an alien thing

it's still pretty cool because it can

help us understand more about the moon's

geology number 25 Helix shaped black ho

Cannon a few years back scientists got

the first ever photo of a super massive

black hole which is a giant object about

6.5 billion times heavier than the sun

it's like 55 million light years away in

a galaxy called Messier 87 researchers

wanted to see a huge stream of stuff

shooting out from the black hole center

what they found was pretty wild instead

of shooting out in a straight line the

stream looks like a twisty double helix

kind of like a cork screw this shape is

caused by a magnetic field that comes

out of the black hole and goes really

far into space about 3,300 light years

scientists say this is the longest

magnetic field ever seen in a jet coming

from a Galaxy and it gives us a new way

of looking at something that happens a

lot in the

universe now imagine what else the James

web telescope might uncover in the

future what do you think the next

Discovery will be drop your thoughts in

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