Enzim (komponen,sifat dan faktor yang mempengaruhi kerja Enzim)
Summary
TLDRThis educational video discusses enzymes, focusing on their components (apoenzyme and prosthetic groups), properties (specificity, catalytic nature, minimal quantity required, and non-involvement in reactions), and factors affecting their function (temperature, pH, inhibitors, activators, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration). It also includes examples of enzymes like pepsin and amylase and their optimal pH and temperature for activity.
Takeaways
- π¬ Metabolism topic introduction, focusing on enzymes.
- 𧩠Enzymes are composed of apoenzyme (protein part) and prosthetic group (non-protein part).
- π§ͺ Prosthetic groups are divided into cofactors (e.g., mineral ions like calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium) and coenzymes (e.g., vitamins like B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B11, B12, biotin, coenzyme A).
- π Enzymes are proteins and can denature at high temperatures.
- π― Enzymes work specifically with certain substrates (e.g., ptyalin works on carbohydrates).
- β‘ Enzymes act as biocatalysts, speeding up reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed in the process.
- β»οΈ Enzymes are required in small amounts and can be reused multiple times as long as they are not damaged.
- π‘οΈ Factors affecting enzyme activity: temperature (high temperatures can denature enzymes).
- π pH levels also affect enzyme activity; some enzymes work best in acidic environments, others in basic environments.
- β Inhibitors hinder enzyme activity, while activators (like cofactors and coenzymes) enhance enzyme activity.
- π Enzyme concentration and substrate concentration also influence enzyme activity.
- π Example analysis of enzyme activity graphs: pepsin works best in acidic pH, amylase in basic pH, and optimal temperature for Lactobacillus bulgaricus enzyme activity is 40Β°C.
Q & A
What is the main topic of discussion in this script?
-The main topic of discussion in this script is the components, properties, and factors affecting enzyme activity in the context of metabolism.
What are the two main components of an enzyme according to the script?
-The two main components of an enzyme are the apoenzyme, which is the protein part, and the prosthetic group, which is the non-protein part.
What is the role of the apoenzyme in an enzyme?
-The apoenzyme is the protein part of the enzyme that plays a crucial role in the enzyme's activity.
What are the two types of non-protein components in enzymes mentioned in the script?
-The two types of non-protein components in enzymes are cofactors and coenzymes.
Can you give an example of a cofactor mentioned in the script?
-Examples of cofactors mentioned in the script include mineral ions such as calcium, chloride, sodium, and potassium.
What are some examples of coenzymes mentioned in the script?
-Examples of coenzymes mentioned in the script include Vitamin B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B11 (biotin), B12 (cobalamin), and coenzyme A.
What are the four properties of enzymes discussed in the script?
-The four properties of enzymes discussed are: 1) Enzymes are proteins that can denature at high temperatures. 2) Enzymes are specific, working only on certain substrates. 3) Enzymes act as catalysts, lowering the activation energy of reactions without being consumed. 4) Enzymes are required in small amounts and can be reused without being replaced as long as they are not damaged.
What is the term used to describe the process where enzymes become inactive at high temperatures?
-The term used to describe the process where enzymes become inactive at high temperatures is denaturation.
What are the factors that affect enzyme activity according to the script?
-The factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, inhibitors, activators, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration.
What is the role of an inhibitor in relation to enzyme activity?
-An inhibitor is a substance that hinders or reduces enzyme activity.
What is the role of an activator in relation to enzyme activity?
-An activator is a substance that enhances or initiates enzyme activity, often by binding to cofactors or coenzymes.
Based on the script, what is the optimal pH for pepsin and amylase enzymes?
-According to the script, the optimal pH for pepsin is acidic (pH 2), while for amylase it is basic.
What is the optimal temperature for the enzyme from Lactobacillus bulgaricus as mentioned in the script?
-The optimal temperature for the enzyme from Lactobacillus bulgaricus, as mentioned in the script, is 40Β°C.
Outlines
π Introduction to Enzymes
The video begins with a greeting and an introduction to the topic of metabolism, specifically focusing on enzymes. It explains the components of enzymes, distinguishing between the apoenzyme (protein part) and the prosthetic group (non-protein part). The prosthetic group is further divided into cofactors (mineral ions like calcium and sodium) and coenzymes (vitamins such as B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B11, B12, biotin, and coenzyme A). The discussion then shifts to the properties of enzymes: they are proteins, act as specific biocatalysts, work in small quantities without being consumed, and have distinct factors influencing their activity, including temperature, pH, inhibitors, activators, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration.
π§ͺ Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
This paragraph provides examples and explanations of how different factors influence enzyme activity. It discusses how temperature and pH levels can affect enzymes, using specific examples like the enzyme pepsin, which operates best in acidic conditions, and amylase, which functions in basic conditions. It also covers the impact of enzyme and substrate concentrations, as well as inhibitors and activators. The explanation includes how the optimal temperature for the enzyme lactobacillus bulgaricus in making yogurt is determined from a graph, highlighting the importance of these factors in practical applications. The video concludes with a promise to cover enzyme mechanisms and types of inhibitors in future sessions.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Metabolism
π‘Enzyme
π‘Apoenzyme
π‘Prosthetic Group
π‘Cofactors and Coenzymes
π‘Specificity
π‘Catalyst
π‘Denaturation
π‘pH
π‘Inhibitor
π‘Activator
π‘Substrate Concentration
Highlights
Introduction to the second chapter on metabolism, focusing on enzymes.
Enzymes are composed of two parts: the apoenzyme (protein part) and the prosthetic group (non-protein part).
Prosthetic groups are further divided into cofactors and coenzymes, including mineral ions and vitamins.
Enzymes are proteins that can undergo denaturation at high temperatures.
Enzymes exhibit specificity, working only on specific substrates.
Enzymes act as biocatalysts, lowering the activation energy required for reactions without being consumed.
Enzymes are required in small amounts and can be reused multiple times without being destroyed.
Four main properties of enzymes are discussed: protein nature, specificity, biocatalyst function, and minimal quantity required.
Factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, inhibitors, activators, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration.
High temperatures can cause enzyme denaturation, affecting their activity.
Different enzymes operate optimally at different pH levels, with some working best in acidic conditions and others in alkaline conditions.
Inhibitors are substances that hinder enzyme function, while activators enhance it.
Cofactors and coenzymes, previously discussed, can act as activators for enzymes.
Enzyme concentration is crucial for catalytic activity, with only small amounts needed.
Substrate concentration is another factor influencing enzyme function, with optimal levels required for peak activity.
A practical application of enzyme knowledge is discussed through the example of making yogurt, highlighting the optimal temperature for Lactobacillus bulgaricus.
The importance of remembering the factors that influence enzyme activity is emphasized for practical understanding and application.
The session concludes with an apology for any shortcomings and a closing prayer.
Transcripts
Hai Hai assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh ketemu lagi dengan saya
wedding Dream Ningsih kali ini kita akan
memasuki bab yang kedua yaitu tentang
metabolisme pada awal bab metabolisme
ini kita akan membicarakan enzim dan
untuk pertemuan kali ini kita akan
membahas tentang komponen enzim
sifat-sifat enzim faktor yang akan
mempengaruhi kerja enzim Oke disimak
baik-baik ya komponen enzim c6e to
terdiri dari dua bagian ternyata bagian
yang pertama kita sebut sebagai apoenzim
kemudian
di bagian yang kedua adalah gugus
prostetik bagian apoenzim ini ternyata
adalah bagian protein sedangkan
nonprotein ya adalah gugus prostetik
gugus prostetik ini terbagi lagi menjadi
dua yaitu kofaktor dan koenzim kofaktor
itu contohnya adalah ion mineral seperti
kalsium klorida natrium kalium sedangkan
koenzim itu contohnya adalah Vitamin
seperti vitamin B1 thiamin b2000 flavin
B3 niasin bet45 B6 b11 B12 kobalamin
biotin dan koenzim a selanjutnya kita
akan bahas tentang sifat-sifat
enzim kalau tadi kita tahu bahwa enzim
bagian enzim salah satunya adalah
apoenzim yaitu bagian protein maka sifat
pertama Enzim adalah sebagai
protein-protein Bila terdapat di suhu
yang tinggi maka akan mengalami
kerusakan atau yang kita sebut dengan
denaturasi sifat yang kedua enzim
bekerja secara spesifik enzim hanya
bekerja pada substrat tertentu contohnya
enzim ptialin didalam mulut hanya akan
mempengaruhi karbohidrat meskipun di
dalam mulut terdapat protein dan lemak
selanjutnya sifat enzim adalah
biokatalisator sebagai katalis yang akan
mempercepat terjadinya reaksi dengan
cara menurunkan energi aktivasi
Hai tanpa ikut bereaksi ya sifat
selanjutnya yang keempat adalah enzim
diperlukan dalam jumlah sedikit enzim
tidak ikut bereaksi sehingga dapat
bekerja berulang kali selama enzim
tersebut tidak rusak maka tidak perlu
diganti jadi sifat enzim ada empat ya
tolong dihafal Oh selanjutnya kita bahas
faktor yang mempengaruhi kerja enzim
faktor yang pertama adalah suhu ya
Karena suhu karena enzim itu terdiri
dari protein tadi apoenzim maka enzim
berada pada suhu yang tinggi maka akan
mengalami kerusakan atau denaturasi
Faktor yang kedua adalah ph atau derajat
keasamannya
Hai jadi enzim ada yang bisa bekerja
pada pH yang asam dan ada yang ph-nya
basah faktor yang ketiga adalah
inhibitor inhibitor itu adalah
penghalang kerja enzim sedangkan faktor
yang ke-empat adalah activator kebalikan
dengan inhibitor activator adalah yang
mengaktifkan enzim seperti kofaktor dan
koenzim yang barusan tadi kita bahas
faktor selanjutnya adalah konsentrasi
enzim seperti yang kita tahu bahwa
konsentrasi enzim diperlukan dalam
jumlah yang sedikit dan faktor yang
mempengaruhi kerja enzim yang terakhir
adalah konsentrasi substrat jelas ya dan
kalian harus menghafal ya faktor yang
mempengaruhi kerja enzim suhu Ph
Hai inhibitor activator konsentrasi
enzim dan konsentrasi substrat Oke coba
ya kita coba mengerjakan soal berikut
ini perhatikan grafik berikut disitu ada
grafik Ya penjelasan yang tepat untuk
grafik berikut adalah kita lihat bahwa
itu adalah grafik enzim dengan PH dan
ada enzim pepsin ternyata ph-nya itu di
angkat2 maka PH enzim pepsin adalah
suasana asam Sedangkan untuk enzim
amilase adalah suasana basa jadi
jawabannya apa pasti yang B ya Nah soal
yang kedua perhatikan grafik kerja enzim
dari mikroba lactobacillus bulgaricus
berdasarkan grafik maka suhu paling baik
untuk membuat yo
dan adalah kita lihat ya ternyata disitu
tuh letak suhu optimum Nah kita tinggal
baca aja berapa suhunya di grafik Oh
ternyata suhunya 40Β° jadi jawabannya
yang deh ya selesai sudah pembahasan
materi kali ini tentang komponen enzim
sifat enzim dan faktor yang mempengaruhi
kerja enzim selanjutnya kita akan bahas
tentang cara kerja enzim dan macam
inhibitor Terima kasih ya telah menyimak
Akhirnya saya minta maaf dan
wassalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh dah
[Musik]
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