CBSE Class 10 Geography - 1 || Resources and Development || Full Chapter || By Shiksha House

Summary

The video script discusses the concept of resources, their types, and classifications. It highlights biotic and abiotic resources, renewable and non-renewable resources, and the importance of resource planning for sustainable development. The script covers how resources can be owned and categorized by origin, exhaustibility, ownership, and development status. It also addresses land degradation, soil erosion, and the measures needed for land and soil conservation. The importance of resource planning in India, including resource identification, inventory, and equitable distribution, is emphasized for economic growth and sustainability.

Takeaways

• 🏫 Resources are essential for satisfying our needs, including learning resources like schools, teachers, and technology.
• 🌿 Resources are classified based on origin (biotic or abiotic), exhaustibility (renewable or non-renewable), ownership (individual, community, national, international), and development status (developed, potential, stock, reserves).
• 🌱 Biotic resources come from living things, while abiotic resources come from non-living things like minerals and metals.
• 🔋 Renewable resources can be regenerated, like solar and wind energy, while non-renewable resources, like fossil fuels and minerals, cannot be reproduced once used.
• 🌍 Resources can be owned by individuals, communities, countries, or be international, like Antarctica and certain ocean areas.
• 🔧 Developed resources are fully utilized, while potential resources are known but not yet fully exploited. Stock resources cannot be used due to lack of technology, and reserves are resources set aside for future use.
• 🌳 Sustainable development involves using resources wisely to ensure availability for future generations, preventing rapid depletion, economic inequality, and environmental issues.
• 🌐 The first Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 addressed global environmental protection and sustainable development, leading to Agenda 21 for global cooperation.
• 📊 Resource planning in India includes identifying and inventorying resources, developing technology and skilled personnel, and equitable distribution for sustained economic growth.
• 🌾 Soil, a crucial renewable resource, varies across India and includes types like alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid, and forest soil, each with specific characteristics and uses.

Q & A

What are resources, and what criteria make them useful for satisfying our needs?

Resources are things available in our environment that can be used to satisfy our needs, provided they are technically feasible, financially viable, and culturally acceptable.

How can resources be classified based on their origin?

Resources can be classified as biotic, which come from living things like forests, animals, and humans, and abiotic, which come from nonliving things like rocks, minerals, and metals.

What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?

Renewable resources, like solar and wind energy, can be regenerated once used, whereas non-renewable resources, like fossil fuels and minerals, cannot be reproduced once used and are lost forever.

How are resources classified based on ownership?

Resources can be individual (owned by a person), community-owned (open to all community members), national (within a country's political boundaries), and international (found in areas not owned by any particular nation).

What are developed resources, and how do they differ from potential resources?

Developed resources are those where minerals have already been discovered and production is ongoing, whereas potential resources are known to exist but are not yet being fully utilized.

What is the difference between stock and reserves in resource terminology?

Stock refers to resources that cannot be used due to the unavailability of suitable technology, while reserves are resources not being utilized to their full capacity but can be used in the future.

What is sustainable development, and why is it important?

Sustainable development is the wise use of resources without damaging the environment to ensure enough resources for future generations. It is important to prevent rapid resource depletion, economic divide, and environmental problems.

What was the significance of the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992?

The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 gathered leaders from over 100 countries to address environmental protection and sustainable development, resulting in the Declaration on global climatic change and biological diversity, global forest principles, and Agenda 21 for sustainable development.

Why is resource planning important for economic growth?

Resource planning is important because the mere presence of resources is not enough for development. It involves identifying, surveying, mapping resources, evolving technology, skilled personnel, and institutions, and ensuring equitable distribution for sustained economic development.

How does land degradation occur, and what steps can be taken for land conservation?

Land degradation occurs due to natural agents like wind and water erosion and human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, mining, and improper irrigation. Steps for land conservation include afforestation, controlled grazing, stabilizing sand dunes, proper disposal of industrial effluents, and monitoring soil conditions.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Understanding Resources and Their Types

This paragraph explains the concept of resources, defining them as elements that satisfy our needs and are available in our environment. It classifies resources based on their origin (biotic or abiotic), exhaustibility (renewable or non-renewable), ownership (individual, community, national, or international), and development status (developed, potential, or stock). Examples include biotic resources like forests and animals, abiotic resources like minerals, renewable resources like solar energy, and non-renewable resources like fossil fuels.

05:02

🌍 Classification and Sustainable Development of Resources

This paragraph further elaborates on the classification of resources, distinguishing between developed resources, potential resources, stock, and reserves. It highlights the importance of sustainable development, where resources are used wisely to ensure future generations have enough. The paragraph discusses the economic and environmental consequences of indiscriminate resource use, the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, and Agenda 21's goals for global sustainable development.

10:06

🌾 Resource Distribution and Planning in India

This paragraph discusses the uneven distribution of resources in India and the importance of resource planning for economic growth. It emphasizes the need for identifying resources, planning with appropriate technology, skilled personnel, and institutions, and ensuring equitable distribution for sustainable development. The paragraph also references India's efforts in resource planning since its first five-year plan after independence.

15:07

🏞️ Land Use and Degradation in India

This paragraph categorizes land in India based on its use: forests, net sown area, fallow lands, and uncultivated land. It compares land-use patterns from 1960 to 2009, highlighting changes in forest area, pastures, barren wastelands, and cultivated land. The paragraph also addresses land degradation caused by natural and human activities, emphasizing the need for conservation to prevent further degradation.

20:11

🏜️ Factors Contributing to Land Degradation

This paragraph identifies the main factors contributing to land degradation in India, including deforestation, overgrazing, mining activities, over-irrigation, and industrial waste disposal. It mentions specific states affected by these activities and highlights the impact on land and water pollution. The paragraph calls for steps to control land degradation through afforestation, controlled grazing, proper waste disposal, and continuous monitoring.

25:11

🌱 Types and Characteristics of Soil in India

This paragraph categorizes soil types in India based on physical and chemical properties, texture, and color. It describes alluvial soil, black soil, red and yellow soil, laterite soil, arid soil, and forest soil, detailing their characteristics, regions found, and suitability for different crops. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of soil as a renewable resource and the need for soil conservation to prevent erosion.

30:14

🌾 Soil Erosion and Conservation Methods

This paragraph explains soil erosion caused by natural agents like wind and water, exacerbated by human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, and improper farming methods. It describes types of erosion like gully erosion and sheet erosion, and highlights soil conservation methods like terrace farming, strip cropping, planting shelterbelts, and stabilizing sand dunes to reduce the impact of wind and water on soil.

35:14

🛡️ Strategies for Preventing Soil Erosion

This paragraph discusses the prevention of soil erosion, focusing on methods to reduce the speed of running water and wind. It mentions terrace farming, strip cropping, and planting shelterbelts as effective techniques. The paragraph underscores the importance of conserving soil, a vital natural resource that supports plant and animal life, and the need to adopt sustainable practices to maintain soil health.

Keywords

💡Resources

Resources are the things available in our environment that can be used to satisfy our needs, provided they are technically feasible, financially viable, and culturally acceptable. The video discusses various types of resources, such as biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living), and their importance in satisfying human needs like learning.

💡Biotic Resources

Biotic resources are resources that come from living things, such as forests, animals, and humans. The video mentions examples like forests and sea animals, highlighting their role in providing materials and supporting human activities.

💡Abiotic Resources

Abiotic resources are non-living things like rocks, minerals, and metals. The video contrasts these with biotic resources, emphasizing their importance in providing raw materials for various human needs.

💡Renewable Resources

Renewable resources are those that can be regenerated or replenished naturally over time, such as solar and wind energy. The video explains that these resources are sustainable and can be used repeatedly without depleting them.

💡Non-Renewable Resources

Non-renewable resources are those that cannot be replenished once used, like fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) and minerals. The video discusses their finite nature and the need for careful management to avoid depletion.

💡Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is the practice of using resources wisely to ensure that future generations have enough resources available. The video highlights the importance of this concept to prevent rapid resource depletion and environmental degradation.

💡Resource Planning

Resource planning involves the identification, inventory, and management of resources to ensure their optimal use and equitable distribution. The video mentions India's efforts in resource planning through surveys, mapping, and technological implementation.

💡Soil Erosion

Soil erosion is the loss of soil cover due to natural agents like wind and water. The video explains how human activities such as deforestation and overgrazing accelerate soil erosion, leading to land degradation.

💡Alluvial Soil

Alluvial soil is a fertile soil type found in river valleys and plains, rich in nutrients like potassium and lime. The video describes its formation through river systems and its suitability for growing crops like sugar cane and rice.

💡Land Degradation

Land degradation refers to the reduction in the quality and productivity of land due to factors like soil erosion, deforestation, and overgrazing. The video discusses the causes and impacts of land degradation in India, emphasizing the need for conservation measures.

Highlights

Resources are things available in our environment that can be used to satisfy our needs, provided they are technically feasible, financially viable, and culturally acceptable.

Resources can be classified based on origin, exhaustibility, ownership, and status of development.

Biotic resources come from living things like forests, animals, and humans, while abiotic resources come from non-living things like rocks and minerals.

Renewable resources, like solar and wind energy, can be regenerated once used, whereas non-renewable resources, like fossil fuels, cannot be reproduced once used.

Resources can be owned individually, by communities, by countries, or be international resources managed by institutions related to the United Nations.

Developed resources are those where minerals have already been discovered and production is ongoing, while potential resources are known but not fully utilized.

Stock resources are those that cannot be used due to the unavailability of suitable technology, whereas reserves are resources that can be used in the future.

Sustainable development ensures that resources are used wisely without damaging the environment, preserving them for future generations.

The first Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 addressed environmental protection and sustainable socio-economic development, resulting in the adoption of Agenda 21.

Resource planning in India involves identifying and inventorying resources, evolving technology, and setting up institutions for resource development plans.

Land resources in India are classified into forests, net sown area, fallow lands, other uncultivated land, and land not available for cultivation.

Land degradation in India is caused by deforestation, overgrazing, mining, over-irrigation, and industrial waste, affecting about 130 million hectares.

Different types of soils in India, like alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid, and forest soils, support various types of vegetation and agriculture.

Soil erosion, the loss of soil cover due to natural agents, is exacerbated by human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, and improper farming methods.

Soil conservation methods include terrace farming, strip cropping, planting shelterbelts of trees, and proper disposal of industrial effluents.

Transcripts

your school where you can sit and watch

this course

your teacher who can explain it to you

a CD that contains discourse

a computer to run the CD on

electricity supply to run the computer

your own ability to read and write

these are just some of the things that

allow you to go through this course

all these are examples of things that

you use to satisfy your need for

learning

the things available in our environment

that can be used to satisfy our needs

are called

resources provided they are technically

feasible financially viable and

culturally acceptable

resources can be classified based on

their origin exhaust ability ownership

and status of development

resources can be living

or nonliving

all resources that come from living

things like forests land and sea animals

insects and human beings are called

biotic resources resources in the form

of nonliving things like rocks minerals

and metals are called abiotic resources

resources can also be classified based

on whether they can be regenerated or

lost forever once used

resources like solar

and wind energy

reversible chemical reactions

and physical power

which can be regenerated once used are

called

renewable resources

fossil fuels like coal natural oil and

gas cannot be reproduced once used

the same applies to minerals that are

used to extract metals

these are examples of non-renewable

resources since they are lost forever

once used

you

you

the sources can be owned by a person a

group of persons a country or the entire

world

resources like private houses

shops

farms

and plantations

I've owned by individual persons and are

called individual resources

resources like public parks

places of worship

schools

and hospitals

and open to all members of the community

these are examples of community owned

resources

all resources whether biotic or a biotic

individual or community owned ultimately

belong to the country these include all

the resources within the political

boundaries of a country and to 19.2

kilometers into the sea from its coast

there are still some parts of land like

the icy continent Antarctica and the

vast stretches of oceans which are not

owned by any particular nation resources

found in these parts of the world are

called international resources and are

managed by institutions related to the

United Nations

you

resources like mines we're minerals have

already been discovered and traduction

is on to utilize the full capacity are

called developed resources

vast resources of natural gas and oi are

known to exist under the sea near the

Indian coast however not much of these

resistors have been utilized so far

resources that are known to exist but

are not being fully utilized are called

potential resources stock is a type of

resource that cannot be used due to the

unavailability of suitable technology

for example hydrogen is present in the

atmosphere as well as in water fusing

two hydrogen atoms can create

inexhaustible and clean energy

but no suitable technology exists to

achieve this in a practical way

hence we can refer to hydrogen as stock

you

on the other hand reserves are a

resource which is not being utilized to

its full capacity but it can be used at

any time in the future

for example ethanol

ethanol is an alcohol extracted from

sugarcane and can be used as an

alternative motor fuel

resources that can be used today but are

preserved to meet future requirements

are called reserves

let's quickly look at the classification

of resources based on their origin

exhaust ability ownership and status of

development consider an example but all

local people have equal access to forest

resources

they use the resources wisely without

damaging the environment and make sure

that their future generations also have

enough resources available to them

this is called sustainable development

what will happen if individuals start

using resources indiscriminately to make

a quick profit

this would lead to a rapid depletion of

resources

this would also create an economic

divide in the society as some persons we

get richer than the others

this would also lead to environmental

problems like pollution and land

degradation and contribute to ecological

problems like global warming

and ozone layer depletion

the growing worldwide concern for

sustainable development resulted in the

first Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in

Brazil in June 1992

at Rio de Janeiro leaders from over

hundred countries gathered to address

the problems of environmental protection

and sustainable socio-economic

development

leaders signed the Declaration on global

climatic change and biological diversity

and approved the global forest

principles

a trio the leaders also adopted agenda

21 which is a declaration to achieve

global sustainable development in the

21st century

agenda21 aims to prevent environmental

damage and fight poverty and diseases

through global cooperation

it also aims to encourage local

governments to form their own agenda 21

based on local issues

observe the items in this table

can you imagine where the resources

needed to arrange this simple breakfast

came from

the wheat used to make the flour for the

bread might have come from Punjab or

Madhya Pradesh

the bread itself might have been baked

in a factory in your city

the butter and the milk used to make it

might have come from a city in Gujarat

the delicious jam and the fruits used to

prepare it might have come from an

orchard in Himachal Pradesh

the tea might have come from Assam West

Bengal Kerala Tamil Nadu

even the steel used to make your plate

might have come from the iron ore mined

in Jharkhand or chattisgarh

the resources in our country are not

distributed uniformly across all its

regions

for example some states and India are

rich in food grains while others are

rich in minerals

the mere presence of resources is not

enough for the development of the region

in India Mata Pradesh is rich in

minerals but lacks communication and

transport facilities

so what else do you think is required

for economic growth

besides the availability of resources

this is where resource planning comes in

it involves the identification and

inventory of resources

planning with the appropriate technology

skilled Human Resources setting up of

suitable institutions for the

implementation of resource development

plans and equitable distribution of

available resources for sustained

economic development

matching these with national development

plans

India started with its resource planning

efforts with the first five-year plan

launched after independence

what are the different activities

involved in resource planning in India

resource planning involves identifying

and estimating the resources available

by surveying and mapping

resource planning involves evolving

technology skilled personnel and

institutions to implement resource

development plans

the sauce planning also involves

continuously monitoring and guiding

resource development plans to match the

overall national development goals

the availability of resources is limited

irresponsible and overuse of resources

can lead to several social economic and

environmental problems

this is the reason why we must plan for

the future and start conserving our

resources at own levels

whether it is water or oil a drop saved

today is a job available for tomorrow

India is the seventh largest country in

the world with the geographical area of

about three point two eight million

square kilometers this land is a

valuable resource that supports our

population

buildings

farmlands

and forests

and also provides us with rich mineral

water

and soiled resources

India has widely different geographical

features

from lofty mountains in the not

to vast plains and plateaus in the

central region

from deserts in the West to dense

forests in the east

and islands in the south

besides a long coastline

the mountains allow perineal flow of

rivers like the Ganges

the Brahmaputra

and the Indus

be enhanced tourism and ecological

prospects to

a plateau is an elevated comparatively

level expanse of land

plateaus are rich reserves of minerals

fossil fuels and forests

land in India can be divided into three

main relief features

around 30% of our land is occupied by

mountains

43% of it is plane

and 27% is in the form of Plateau

depending on their use our land

resources can be classified as forests

net zone area or total area under

cultivation fallow lands other

uncultivated land and land not available

for cultivation

Salo land can be further divided into

current fallow

which is land not cultivated for one or

less than one year

and other than current fellow

which is land that has remained

uncultivated for one to five years

uncultivated land other than fallow land

is divided into permanent pastures land

under miscellaneous tree crops and land

left uncultivated for more than five

years

this other than current fallow land is

either of poor quality or cost too high

to cultivate

hence sometimes it is cultivated once in

two or three years

land not available for cultivation is

either barren wasteland

like the salty plains of the run of cut

all land used for non agricultural

purposes like building houses

votes

and factories

your two pie charts that show the

land-use pattern in India in 1962 61 and

2008 to 2009

let us compare the data and see how the

land-use pattern has changed from 1960

to 2009 in India

observe but there is no major change in

the Nets own area during the period

note that the area under forests

increased marginally from 1960 to 2009

but it is still way below the required

33% as planned in the national forest

policy formulated in 1952

you

permanent pastures and grazing grounds

decreased during the period

this is not a good sign for thousands of

people engaged in cattle drink

the percentage of barren wasteland

decreased by almost half during the

given period

however this reclaimed land is used

mainly for non agricultural purposes

current fallow and other than current

fallow land also increased during this

period

however

if these lands are included in the Nets

own area since these lands are

cultivated once or twice in two or three

years

the percentage of Nets own area goes up

to 54%

continues and indiscriminate use of land

resources without taking appropriate

measures results in conversion of

cultivable land into barren wasteland

and exploitation of our land resources

this is called land degradation

we have about 130 million hectares of

degraded land in India

to give you a sense of the size it is

roughly equal to one third of the total

area of our country

out of this 56 percent is water eroded

area 10% is wind eroded

28% is forest degraded area and 6% has

saline and alkaline deposits

natural agents like wind and water

constantly keep eroding and degrading

land

however human activity has contributed

to and increased the pace of this

natural land degradation

here are the main factors contributing

to land degradation in India

deforestation removes the green cover

required to protect land from soil

erosion by wind and water

and thus contributes to land degradation

in some parts of India over grazing by

cattle has converted permanent pastures

into barren land leading to land

degradation

examples are the states of Maharashtra

mati Pradesh Gujarat

and Rajasthan

indiscriminate deforestation and

excavation done as part of mining

activity and quarrying also causes land

degradation

jerk and shut this girl

Arisa

and Madhya Pradesh have suffered

deforestation due to mining

you

over irrigation of cultivated land in

some parts of India leads to water

logging

this increases the saline and alkaline

levels in the soil leading to land

degradation

you find this in Punjab Haryana and

western Uttar Pradesh

disposal of solid and liquid waste by

industries on surrounding land or water

bodies has also become a major cause of

land degradation and water pollution

Industrial activities like grinding of

limestone calcite

and soapstone

which release dust

retards water infiltration into the soil

this brings us to the question

what steps can be taken to control the

problem of land degradation

the solution lies in taking steps for

land conservation

some steps for land conservation are a

forestation

controlled grazing and mining activity

stabilization of sand dunes by growing

Tonie bushes proper disposal of

industrial effluents after treatment and

continuous monitoring of soil conditions

soil is formed over millions of years by

weathering of rocks and minerals and

also by natural agents like variation in

temperature climate

wind leashes and running water

the important factors that influence

Sony formation are relief parent rock

vegetation and other life-forms and most

important of all time

chemical and organic changes also take

place in the soil

SOI is a natural abiotic renewable

resource

it contains inorganic and organic matter

such as humors

soil is an essential resource

a majority of plant and animal life on

the earth

the layer of soy may be a few

centimeters to several meters thick in

different regions

usually when we see soil we refer to the

thin layer of the topsoil or the fine

upper layer of soil in a region

based on their physical and chemical

properties

texture and color

soit's in india can be classified as

alluvial

black site

red and yellow soil

letter right

edit

and forest soil

let us learn more about each of these

types of soils

the northern plains of India a meet of

fertile alluvial soils which extend to

Gujarat and Rajasthan through a narrow

corridor formed by the Indus the Ganga

and the Primeau Putra river systems

alluvial soils are also found in the

eastern coastal plains

and Delta's of the godavari the Mahanadi

the krishna and the cavity

alluvial soil is a mixture of sand

silt

and Klee

the new alluvial soils called cutter

found in the Gangetic Plains had small

particles and a fine texture

the old alluvial soils called Bunga

found near the river valleys are coarser

and contain more pieces of rocks called

conker

in other words cupboard is more fertile

than the Bunga

the fertile alluvial soils are rich in

potassium

phosphoric acid and lime

and an ideal for growing sugar cane

wait

vice

pulses

and cereal crops

due to the richness of soil the regions

of alluvial soils are densely populated

and the level of cultivation is high

black soy also called Recor is found in

the Deccan Plateau spread over

Maharashtra

Saurashtra

Marva

mata Pradesh

and chappies get

black soil is formed by the climatic

conditions and weathering of volcanic

rocks found in this region

SOI is rich in calcium carbonate

magnesium

and lime

it also has good water retention

properties due to the fine clay

particles

however it is poor in phosphorus which

is a very important nutrient in soil

this type of soy has to be immediately

tilled after the first shot of monsoon

to prevent it from getting sticky

it is ideally suited for the cultivation

of cotton and is also called black

cotton soil

you

Vette and yellow soils are found in

southern and eastern parts of Deccan

Plateau

southern genetic claims along the

western cards and some parts of Orissa

and Chiapas go

the red color is due to the presence of

mine in the rocks from which the soil

was formed

and appears yellow when wet

the high iron content makes this type of

soil good for cultivating various types

of drams

groundnuts

and Casta seeds

you

you

laterite soils are found in kerala

good Nautica

Multi pradesh

Tamilnadu

and parts of Orissa and Assam

all these areas experience high

temperature and heavy rainfall

the soil develops by leaching due to

heavy rains

laterite soy is low in organic

components

can be meat cultivable with the use of

adequate fertilizers and menus

it is good for cultivation of tea

coffee

and cashew nuts

you

Everitt means dry true to its name arid

soil is found in western Rajasthan

and parts of Kutch region in Gujarat

that received very little rainfall

it is reddish-brown in color and has a

sandy texture

due to high temperatures and dry climate

arid soy is low in moisture and organic

content and has high salt content

the salt content is so high that common

salt is obtained by mere evaporation of

the water

forest soils are found in the

mountainous regions of the Himalayas

from Kashmir

to Arunachal Pradesh

most of these regions experience a cool

climate with abundant rain and snowfall

the texture of forest soils varies from

coarse-grained on mountain slopes to

lomi in river valleys

for the soy in snow-covered areas is

often acidic with low humors content

however wheat

rice

sugar cane

and always seats

a cultivated in forest soils of many

parts in Jammu and Kashmir

and Arunachal Pradesh

SOI is an essential natural resource

that supports a majority of plant and

animal life on the earth

it is a renewable resource

however it takes hundreds and thousands

of years for a thin layer of soy to form

without vegetation cover the soil that

takes hundreds of years to form can be

washed away in a few hours of heavy rain

the loss of soil cover due to natural

agents like wind and running water is

called soy erosion

some human activities have increased the

rate of soil erosion by natural agents

like wind and running water

what human activities do you think are

responsible for soil erosion

the roots of plants and trees keep the

soil moist and hold the soil particles

together

humans destroy vegetation cover by

deforestation overgrazing construction

and mining activities

without vegetation cover soil becomes

dry and loose and gets easily eroded

defective farming methods like plowing

up and down the slope increase the speed

of water flowing down the slope

this increases the rate of soil erosion

running water cards deep channels

through clay soils

this is called gully erosion which

converts the land into bad land making

it unsuitable for cultivation

such lands also called ravines are

prominent in the tumble basin

when flowing water washes away the

entire sheet of topsoil in a region it

is called sheet erosion

winter erosion occurs generally in areas

of little or no vegetation

it happens in places let receive scanty

rainfall

for example the formation of sand dunes

in the deserts

the prevention of soil erosion is called

soil conservation

most methods of soil conservation aim to

reduce the speed of running water and

wind overland to reduce soil erosion

one way to conserve soy in mountainous

regions is Terrace farming

this involves cutting terraces along the

slope

you

other methods of preventing soil erosion

include effective farming techniques

in plane areas strip cropping can be

used for soil conservation

in this method strips of grass are

allowed to stand between crops in large

fields

these strips of grass reduce the force

of wind and thus prevent soil erosion

this technique also prevents soil

nutrients from depleting

planting rose trees along farmland also

helped break the force of wind and help

in soil conservation

such shelterbelts of trees when planted

alone sand dunes help stabilize them and

prevent the desert from extending into

land available for cultivation

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