Heart Valves (Atrioventricular and Semilunar) Heart Valves | Physiology | Lecturio Nursing

Summary

The script delves into the anatomy and function of heart valves, crucial for unidirectional blood flow. It highlights two types: atrioventricular valves, including the tricuspid and mitral, which prevent backflow into atria, and semilunar valves, like the pulmonary and aortic, that prevent backflow from arteries. The tricuspid has three cusps, while the mitral has two. The script also explains the role of chordae tendineae in valve function, emphasizing their importance in maintaining heart health.

Takeaways

• 💓 The heart has valves to ensure blood flows in one direction through the heart, responding to pressure changes.
• 📍 There are two types of heart valves: atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, each with a specific location and function.
• 🔍 The atrioventricular valves are between the atria and ventricles, preventing backflow when the ventricles contract.
• 🚫 The tricuspid valve is on the right side and has three cusps, while the mitral (bicuspid) valve on the left side has two cusps.
• 🌟 The semilunar valves are located between the ventricles and the major arteries, preventing backflow from arteries to the heart.
• 🔄 The pulmonary valve is on the right side, separating the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk, and the aortic valve is on the left side, separating the left ventricle from the aorta.
• 🤝 The chordae tendineae anchor the valve cusps to papillary muscles, preventing the valve flaps from everting into the atria during pumping.
• 📈 The atrioventricular valves open due to increased pressure as blood fills the atria, allowing the ventricles to fill with blood.
• 🔄 The semilunar valves open when the ventricles contract and close when the ventricles relax, preventing blood from flowing back into the heart.
• 🌙 The semilunar valves have a half-moon shape, with three cusps that open and close in response to pressure changes in the heart.
• 🔍 The function of the heart valves is crucial for maintaining efficient blood circulation and preventing regurgitation of blood.

Q & A

What is the primary function of heart valves?

The primary function of heart valves is to ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart by opening and closing in response to pressure changes.

What are the two major types of valves found in the heart?

The two major types of valves found in the heart are the atrioventricular valves and the semilunar valves.

Where are the atrioventricular valves located in the heart?

The atrioventricular valves are located between the atria, which are the receiving chambers, and the ventricles, which are the pumping chambers.

Which valves are considered semilunar and where are they located?

The semilunar valves are located between the ventricles and the major arteries, including the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

What are the names of the atrioventricular valves and their respective locations?

The atrioventricular valves are the tricuspid valve, located between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

What is the role of the tricuspid valve?

The tricuspid valve is an atrioventricular valve that prevents backflow into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts.

What is the mitral valve also known as and what does it prevent?

The mitral valve is also known as the bicuspid valve, and it prevents backflow into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts.

What are the two semilunar valves and their respective locations?

The two semilunar valves are the pulmonary valve, located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk, and the aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae in relation to the heart valves?

The chordae tendineae anchor the cusp of the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles, helping to hold the valve flaps in a closed position and prevent them from everting back into the atria during increased pressure.

How do the semilunar valves function to prevent backflow from major arteries?

The semilunar valves open when the ventricles contract and the intraventricular pressure rises, allowing blood to flow into the arteries. When the ventricles relax and the pressure decreases, the valves close, preventing blood from flowing back into the heart from the arteries.

What is the structural difference between the tricuspid and mitral valves?

The tricuspid valve has three cusps and is located between the right atrium and ventricle, while the mitral valve has two cusps and is located between the left atrium and ventricle.

What are the internal ridges inside of the atria called and what is their relation to the heart valves?

The internal ridges inside of the atria are called the trabeculae carneae. They are part of the structural support for the heart but are not directly related to the functioning of the valves.