Arduino Tutorial 1: Setting Up and Programming the Arduino for Absolute Beginners

Summary

In this video, Polemic Order from Top Tech Boy Comm introduces a new series of Arduino tutorials, highlighting updates in both hardware and software since his previous lessons. He guides viewers through setting up the Arduino IDE, selecting the correct board and port, and writing basic programs to control an on-board LED, including making it blink with different on/off durations. The tutorial is designed for beginners, aiming to teach microcontroller programming from scratch, and ends with an assignment to experiment with LED blink rates.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video is an introduction to a new series of Arduino tutorials by Polemic Order from Top Tech Boy Comm.
• 🔧 There have been significant changes in Arduino hardware and software since the previous tutorial series, necessitating an update to the lessons.
• 💻 The presenter has improved their studio and production quality, enhancing the learning experience for viewers.
• ☕ The presenter humorously notes a change in coffee-drinking habits from hot to iced coffee as part of the new series.
• 📝 The tutorial series is designed to start from scratch, teaching absolute beginners how to program a microcontroller.
• 🛠️ A 'super starter kit' from E Lego is recommended, costing $35 and including an Arduino along with numerous components for projects.
• 🔗 The kit provides enough components for hundreds of projects, offering great value for money.
• 🔍 The tutorial includes a step-by-step guide on how to download and install the latest Arduino software.
• 🔌 The presenter demonstrates how to connect the Arduino to a PC using a USB cable and verify the connection through the Arduino IDE.
• 💡 The first program taught is to light up an LED on the Arduino board using the built-in pin 13, without the need for additional wiring.
• 🔄 The subsequent programs show how to turn the LED off and make it blink, introducing the concepts of digital output and delay functions.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of the video?

The main purpose of the video is to introduce a new series of Arduino tutorials, highlighting the changes in hardware, software, and production quality since the last series, and to guide viewers through setting up their Arduino environment and writing basic programs.

What has changed since the last series of Arduino lessons?

The hardware has evolved with more sensors and components, the software has been updated, the production quality of the tutorial videos has improved, and the presenter will be drinking iced coffee instead of hot coffee during the lessons.

What is the first step for a beginner to start with Arduino as mentioned in the video?

The first step is to order an Arduino kit, specifically the super starter kit by E Lego, which includes an Arduino and a variety of components needed for numerous projects.

How much does the Arduino super starter kit cost?

The Arduino super starter kit costs $35.

What software is required to program the Arduino and where can it be downloaded from?

The required software is the Arduino IDE, which can be downloaded from the official Arduino website (arduino.cc) under the 'Software' section.

What is the name of the example program provided in the video for beginners to start with?

The example program provided is called 'Bare Minimum', which is a basic template for starting an Arduino program.

What are the two main components of every Arduino program?

The two main components of every Arduino program are the 'void setup()' function, which runs once to set up the Arduino, and the 'void loop()' function, which contains the code that runs repeatedly.

How does the video guide viewers to verify that their Arduino is connected to their PC?

The video guides viewers to check the 'Tools' and 'Port' sections in the Arduino IDE to ensure that the correct COM port with the Arduino connected is selected and recognized by the PC.

What is the purpose of the 'pinMode' function in Arduino programming?

The 'pinMode' function is used to set the mode of a digital pin, specifying whether it should be used as an input or an output.

How does the video demonstrate turning an LED on and off using the Arduino?

The video demonstrates this by using the 'digitalWrite' function, setting pin 13 to 'HIGH' to turn the LED on and to 'LOW' to turn it off.

What is the role of the 'delay' function in the Arduino program shown in the video?

The 'delay' function is used to pause the program for a specified number of milliseconds, allowing for time-based actions such as blinking an LED at a perceivable rate.

What assignments does the presenter give to the viewers at the end of the video?

The presenter assigns the viewers to write a program that makes an LED blink very fast, challenging them to find the threshold at which the blinking is no longer perceivable to the human eye.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Introduction to New Arduino Tutorial Series

The speaker, Polemic Order from Top Tech Boy Comm, introduces a new series of Arduino tutorials. He mentions that his previous series was popular, but a refresh is necessary due to changes in hardware, software, and an improved studio setup. The speaker emphasizes that the new series will be more beginner-friendly, teaching even those with no prior knowledge how to program a microcontroller. The video promises that viewers will write their first four programs by the end of the session. A starter kit from E Lego is recommended for the tutorials, which is affordable and includes a variety of components for numerous projects.

05:00

🔧 Setting Up the Arduino Environment

The tutorial proceeds with instructions on how to set up the Arduino environment. The speaker guides viewers on downloading and installing the latest Arduino software from the official website. He details the process of selecting the correct installer for Windows and emphasizes the importance of agreeing to the Terms of Service during installation. The video shows the software being installed and ready for use, with a focus on the ease of access from the taskbar for convenience.

10:02

🔌 Connecting Arduino Hardware and Writing Basic Code

After installing the software, the speaker demonstrates how to connect the Arduino hardware to the computer using a USB cable. He explains the significance of hearing a 'happy little noise' indicating that the computer recognizes the Arduino. The video then covers the basics of writing an Arduino program, starting with the 'Bare Minimum' example which includes the essential 'void setup' and 'void loop' functions. The speaker clarifies the purpose of each function and how they are structured within an Arduino program.

15:02

💡 Controlling an LED with Arduino

The speaker walks through the process of writing a simple program to control an LED light on the Arduino board. He explains how to set the pin mode and use the 'digitalWrite' function to turn the LED on and off. The tutorial includes a practical demonstration of compiling and uploading the code to the Arduino, resulting in the LED lighting up as expected. The speaker also discusses the importance of correct syntax and capitalization in Arduino programming.

20:04

👀 Exploring Blink Rates with Arduino

Building on the previous lesson, the speaker introduces the 'delay' function, allowing the LED to blink at a perceivable rate. He explains how to adjust the delay time to control the blink frequency and demonstrates different blink patterns by modifying the delay duration. The tutorial explores the concept of duty cycle, showing how to make the LED stay on for a shorter or longer period within the blink cycle. The speaker encourages viewers to experiment with different blink rates and share their findings in the comments.

📚 Assignments and Conclusion

To conclude the tutorial, the speaker assigns the viewers a task to write a program that makes the LED blink at an extremely fast rate, challenging them to find the threshold at which the blink becomes imperceptible to the human eye. He invites viewers to share their results and experiences in the comments section. The speaker also encourages viewers to like, subscribe, and share the video, and to follow along with the tutorial series for more Arduino programming lessons.

Keywords

💡Arduino

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It is widely used for creating various projects involving electronics. In the video, Arduino serves as the central hardware for the tutorial series, with the presenter using it to demonstrate programming and electronics concepts.

💡Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

An Integrated Development Environment is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. In the context of the video, the Arduino IDE is used for writing, compiling, and uploading code to the Arduino board, highlighting the importance of an IDE in the development process.

💡Microcontroller

A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals. In the video, the presenter aims to teach viewers to program a microcontroller using the Arduino platform, which is a foundational skill in electronics and programming.

💡Sensors

Sensors are devices that convert physical or chemical information into electrical signals. In the script, the presenter mentions that new hardware advancements include a variety of sensors, which can be used with the Arduino for detecting different types of environmental data.

💡Actuators

Actuators are components that move or control a mechanism or system. The video script discusses the inclusion of actuators in the Arduino starter kit, indicating that they can be controlled by the Arduino to perform various actions in a project.

💡Blink

In the context of the video, 'blink' refers to the action of an LED turning on and off rapidly to create a flashing effect. The presenter uses the LED blink as a simple yet illustrative example to teach beginners how to control hardware with the Arduino.

💡Delay

In programming, a delay function is used to pause the execution of the program for a specified amount of time. The video demonstrates the use of the delay function in the Arduino code to control the blinking speed of an LED, showing its importance in timing operations.

💡Duty Cycle

The duty cycle is the ratio of the duration of the output signal in a fixed period of time. In the video, the presenter adjusts the duty cycle of the LED blinking by changing the on and off times, demonstrating how to control the brightness perception of the LED.

💡Digital Pin

Digital pins on an Arduino board are used to send or receive digital signals. The script mentions pin 13, which is connected to an LED on the board, and is used to demonstrate basic digital output by turning the LED on and off.

💡Program

In the context of the video, a program refers to a sequence of instructions written in the Arduino programming language to control the board's functions. The presenter guides viewers through writing their first few programs to interact with the Arduino hardware.

💡Assignment

Assignments in the video are tasks given by the presenter for viewers to practice and apply what they have learned. For example, the presenter asks viewers to write a program that makes an LED blink at different speeds, encouraging hands-on learning and experimentation.

Highlights

Introduction of new and improved Arduino tutorials by Polemic Order from Top Tech Boy Comm.

Necessity to update Arduino lessons due to changes in hardware, software, and studio production quality.

The presenter's improved studio and commitment to higher production quality in the new tutorial series.

The presenter's switch from hot to iced coffee as a fun, memorable change in the new tutorial series.

The goal of teaching absolute beginners to program a microcontroller from scratch.

Introduction of the 'super starter kit' by E Lego as the hardware to be used in the tutorials.

The kit's affordability and comprehensive components suitable for numerous projects.

Instructions on how to order the Arduino kit and prepare for the tutorial series.

Step-by-step guide on installing the Arduino software on Windows 10.

Explanation of how to download and install the latest version of the Arduino IDE.

Demonstration of verifying Arduino connection via the IDE's port selection.

Overview of the 'Bare Minimum' program structure in the Arduino IDE.

Explanation of the 'void setup' and 'void loop' functions in every Arduino program.

Tutorial on writing the first program to turn an LED on using pin 13.

Guide on using 'pinMode' and 'digitalWrite' to control the LED state.

Writing a second program to turn the LED off and understanding digital logic.

Creating a third program to make the LED blink with the introduction of 'delay'.

Experimenting with different blink rates to perceive the threshold of visibility.

Assignment for viewers to write a program for fast blinking LED and share results.

Encouragement for viewers to subscribe, share, and comment on the tutorial.

Transcripts

hello guys this is polemic order from

top tech boy comm and I am here today

with the all-new the improved Arduino

tutorials now those of you who are

familiar with my channel know that I

have a very very popular series of

lessons on the Arduino that I made

several years ago

and a lot of people have watched him a

lot of people have really loved them but

it is time to redo those videos because

a lot has changed the first thing that

has changed a lot of the hardware is

changed there's more sensors there's all

types of more things that we can do with

the Arduino due to the new hardware

second thing is there's been some

changes in the software and so we really

need to redo things with the newer in a

integrated development environment the

third thing is that I have an improved

studio and so some of the production

quality was pretty low

I think the content in the first series

of lessons was really good but the

production quality was pretty low and so

I've got better production quality right

now so it's really time to meet remake

the videos but probably the most

important changes is that if you

remember in the first set of videos I

would drink hot coffee from this cup for

this series of lessons I will be

drinking iced coffee from this big mug

so I need you to go pour yourself a nice

big mug of iced coffee and get ready to

follow along if you're new to Arduino

before we get to the end of this video

you're going to have not only written

your first program you're gonna have

written your first four programs and

then I'm going to give you some simple

assignments of things to do on your own

based on what you learn today but today

you will get in and you will write your

first set of programs now if your if you

were here before the first 4 or 5

lessons are going to be repeat you can

just kind of skip to the more advanced

things but I want to start all the way

back at the beginning so we can take a

person off the street who knows

absolutely nothing and we can teach them

to program a microcontroller step 1 you

need to get your hardware this series of

lessons I will be using this super

starter kit you know our three project

by E Lego available at the convenient

link below

in the description hook a brother up get

your kid from there this kit cost $35 it

includes an Arduino and then just a

boatload of components this kit is going

to keep us busy for a long time because

it's got sensors it's got actuators it's

got circular elements it's got

everything you need to do hundreds of

projects so bargain at $35 step one

order your Arduino kit if you already

have an Arduino you can go ahead and

start playing along right off the bat

okay so get your kit ordered step number

two we have to install the software and

that's that's what I'm going to show you

how to do today and the simplest thing

is we can go to a google browser I can

make myself smaller to get out of your

way and then what we just want to search

on is arduino AR DUI in o download ok

boom first result is the website WWE no

CC / ian / main / software we will go

there and this is where we download the

most excellent and free software I am

running on Windows 10 and I will

download the latest version of the

software as of the time I'm making this

video the latest version is arduino one

point 8.9 you don't have to download

this exact copy this exact version just

download whenever you do whatever the

latest version is so whatever it says

here that's fine there'll be little

tweaks but what I'm showing you here

should work for a long long long time

now I'm on Windows 10 so I'm gonna click

on this link which says Windows

installer for Windows XP and up if

you're on Windows 10 this is what you

would click or if you're on Windows XP

or higher this is where you will click

so we will click there what they are

asking you to do is hook a brother up

and make a donation I have helped out

already and so I'm going to just say

just download so I click and then down

here if you're in Chrome in the lower

left you can see the little exe

installer is downloading

happening pretty quickly so we will just

wait for it it has downloaded so now we

just click on that downloaded file if

you're not on Google Chrome then you've

got to kind of go hunt around and find

where that file was downloaded to but on

Chrome we just click on it it is asking

me are you sure you want to let Arduino

change your computer well yes I will

click yes and now it's saying do I agree

with the Terms of Service yes I agree

I'm going to do a pretty standard

installation so I'll just leave it with

everything check there and click Next

it's going to put it put it in a pretty

standard location under Program Files

slash Arduino and then we click install

I'm not going to pause the video because

if you're playing along at home you can

just download it right along with me I

will enjoy a little coffee though it is

going pretty quickly here and we're

gonna get this downloaded we're gonna

get connected to the Arduino and you are

gonna write your first program I think

you're gonna find it's a whole lot

easier than what you think and you're

gonna be wondering why have I waited so

long to learn to program

why have I learnt waited so long to

learn a little engineering little

computer science well at least you're

doing it now ok happy the happy little

blue bar is almost all the way across it

says completed so now I will click close

alright now the software has been

installed so if I come down to little

search bar or I guess on Windows 7 you

could just click the button but I'm

gonna say are do we know and there is

the arduino app the happy little arduino

app and i am going to that you just

ignore what i'm doing here for a second

okay i'm just gonna put it on my put it

on my taskbar ok so here we go

trying to get it yeah pin it to the

taskbar in that way it'll be down here

and be ready to roll when you need it

but I can just click it from here this

time and you see it is starting to open

okay I'm going to switch over to a

slightly different view here so that you

will be able to see my code in my

Arduino okay this Arduino is an Arduino

that I just had laying around so I'm

gonna unplug it and I'm gonna get out of

my super starter kit I'm going to open

it up with the little orange tabs and

then what you will see is you will see

right here on top top is a little

envelope a little static envelope that

has your Arduino in it so let's get that

out and then you will need a USB cable

which I already have here the other end

of the USB cable is hooked to your PC

the PC that you just installed the code

on and then we have the Arduino so I

will come over here and I will plug the

Arduino in and what I hope is when I

plug it in I hope that I hear a happy

little noise okay I hear the happy

little noise and what's that what that

means is the PC is recognizing something

that it understands has been plugged

into the USB and so that means that

things should really work from this

point okay so now you have arduino ide

open you have the arduino plugged in and

so you need to call up a program called

bare minimum because bare minimis is

where you always start when you're

writing a program so it has things that

you will use in every program that you

write so we will come to file we will

come to examples we will come to basic

we will come to bare minimum okay now

you get this program this program shows

you the two things that are part of

every Arduino program

the first is called the void setup the

void setup begins with the open curly

and it ends with the closed curly the

commands that you put in void setup will

be executed one time so you set the

Arduino up in the void setup then the

things that you want to run over and

over those commands you put in the void

loop the void loop starts with the open

curly and ends with the closed curly B

every Arduino program has a void setup

every Arduino program has a void loop so

this is what you're going to start with

now the next thing is we have to make

sure that we are talking to the Arduino

from the IDE so we need to come up under

tools and we need to come down to port

and we can see that on mine it sees a

com1 that might be the mouse or the

keyboard or something but then it sees

connected to comm 3 the Arduino or

genuine Oh uno so it's season

uno connected to that port now for you

it's probably not going to be port 3 it

could be port 7 or it could be port 25

but the point is that it should be the

one that recognizes that an Arduino is

connected to it now let's just verify

that that's true so you see comm 3 is

Arduino Uno ok I'm going to come over

here and I'm gonna unplug the Arduino

right it's been unplugged now if I come

to tools and I come to port com1 but

doesn't see the Arduino why because we

unplugged it ok things are working the

way they should so we plug it back in we

get the happy little USB noise and you

can see some lights coming on on the

Arduino seeing that it is in fact

powering up and now if we come back to

tools and we go to port we can see that

the comm 3 is there now you need to go

across and you need to select whatever

comm port has the Arduino connected to

it for me it's port 3 so we select that

now we're connected to it alright the

other thing that you need to do in your

setup you need to

make sure that on your board it matches

the board that you're that you're using

we're using the uno so we come down to

Arduino Uno if you are using a nano you

would come here or all the different

Arduino let's just make sure that you

select the board that you're using

because if you don't you can have

problems so we were on the Arduino Uno

ladies and gentlemen we are ready to

write our first program and it is as

simple as this all right on this Arduino

we want to do things without having to

start building things so let's just

write the simplest program possible do

you see these pins along the edge of the

Arduino it goes from pin zero they're

labeled digital pins from pin zero to

pin 13 these pins we can interact with

we can send signals to the pins or we

can pull signals off of the pins okay

and so you can connect things up to

these pins and then you can make the

magic happen okay but I don't want to

build circuits in this first lesson so

the most excellent thing is if you look

here and see this pin 13 that pin 13 is

already hooked up to this little LED on

the board so any signal that we send to

pin 13 we are going to be sending to

that little LED and so that allows us to

write our first program without having

to wire anything up or hook anything so

first thing we got to do is we got to

set the Arduino up what pins are we

going to be working with we are going to

be working with pin 13 so we have to

tell Arduino we are working with 10 13

we do that in the in the void setup and

we do that with a pin mode Pyaar in

capital M OD e pin mode you notice when

I type in pin mode with the right

capitalization it turns orange that's a

happy thing that means that it

recognizes the command so I'm going to

tell it what I'm gonna do in my pin mode

command open parenthesis now I have to

put two parameters in the first

parameter is which pin are you working

with hmm which pen are we working with

in 13

ha then we put a comma and now we're

going to have to give the second

parameter the second parameter is we're

telling the Arduino are we going to use

pin 13 as an input or an output well

we're going to send a signal to it so it

is an output kind of like the printer

right you send a document to the printer

the printer is an output device we're

gonna send a signal to pin 13 so pin 13

becomes an output all-caps Oh UT P UT ah

when I type it incorrectly what does it

do it turns blue that's a happy little

blue saying that it recognizes that

parameter we now close our parentheses

and almost all commands in arduino end

with the semicolon we have now given our

first command we're gonna execute it one

time because it's in the void setup it's

just gonna be telling arduino hey we're

working with pin 13 it's gonna be an

output all right so this is set up for

the first program now let's go down to

the void loop ha we're connected to that

LED what would be neat if we did to that

LED turn it on we want to turn the LED

on so how would we turn the LED on where

we've got to send a signal and the

command is digit toll right again case

is important digital is all lowercase

the first letter of the next word W is

capitalized so digital right this is

called bumpy font where the first letter

of the words are capitalized because you

don't want to use spaces and so you can

kind of read it better digital write but

notice that if I did it wrong digital

write and capitalized wrong we don't get

the happy little orange color so if it

doesn't light up you know you've done

something wrong ah I didn't capitalize

the dub u WR ite

okay we have to give it again two

parameters we've got to open hmm what

pen are we gonna write to that's the

first parameter pin 13

and then second do we want to turn it on

or do we want to turn it off well we

want to turn the LED on so the command

that we would give the parameter we

would use is high we're gonna set it

high means 5 volts we're gonna set pin

13 to 5 volts so I type in hig H all

caps when I do it in all caps its happy

it turns blue if you do this you see no

happy no blue so you've got to get your

case right hi what do we do at the end

of almost every command in Arduino the

semicolon okay so what does this do in

the void setup it tells the Arduino that

we will be using pin 13 it's going to be

an output and then in the loop we say

hey take pin 13 turn it high that should

turn the LED on now right now this

program is here in your PC we now want

to send it down through the USB cable

down into the Arduino and you do that

with this little arrow here this little

right arrow you're gonna click on that

and then it's going to send your code

down into your Arduino so when I click

on that I look here and I get a happy

little green bar meaning that it's

recognizing the commands it's compiling

it and when that green bar goes away it

means the program is down in the Arduino

and look what happened here on the

Arduino boom the LED turned on you have

written your first program and you have

controlled an item you have turned an

LED on mm-hmm

maybe we should write a second program

what should the second program do mmm

turn the LED off I want you to guess if

I turned it on what do you think would

turn it off no L Oh W all uppercase so

now how do we download the program into

the Arduino we come up to this little

right arrow we click on the right arrow

boom it goes down and what happens the

LED was turned off you have written your

second program

you can turn the LED on you can turn the

LED off well if you hooked other things

up to pin 13 already today you could be

turning them on and off and so even

though this is really simple it's very

very powerful now I want you to think

let's turn it back on so I'm gonna go

back hi okay hi download it in the LED

is on okay if I can turn the LED on and

I can turn the LED off what could I do

in program 3 I can make it blink how

would you make it blink well you

digitalwrite 13 hi and then you have a

new command digit told digit all right

what pen are we working with 13 and now

we can want to make it go low so we're

gonna turn it on and off and then it

should blink so we come up we download

the program and it goes ooh wait a

minute it's not blinking no blinky okay

hmm what could be wrong all right think

about this does a computer do things

quickly or does the computer do things

slowly it does it quickly very quickly

so what are you doing with this program

that you just wrote you're turning it so

quickly your eye cannot perceive that

it's blinking it just looks like it's

kind of dim okay and so the problem is

you're blinking it so fast that you

can't see it so you need a new command

what command do you need you need to be

able to put a delay in your program

where you turn the LED on you delay you

turn the LED off you delay so let's add

another command after the turn it on

what do we want to do we want to delay

the command is wait for it delay you

spell it right you get the happy orange

open promote open parenthesis we got to

give it one parameter and that's how

many milliseconds you want to delight

okay

there's a thousand milliseconds in a

second so if we want to leave it on for

one second that would be how many

milliseconds 1000 milliseconds is one

second don't forget the semicolon II

okay so we turn it on we wait a thousand

we turn it off and what should we do

wait a thousand so what this is what is

this going to do turn the LED on for a

second

turn it off wait a second turn it on

wait a second turn it off wait a second

so it should be a pretty slow blink here

how do we get this most excellent

program down into the Arduino we click

the right arrow we watch our little LED

and look at that off on on it's blinking

exactly like we told it to okay now do

we have to blink balance like that no

let's leave it on for a tenth of a

second and then let's leave it off for

nine tenths of a second so the duty

cycle is going to be one second but this

the LED is going to be on for a tenth

and off for a 9/10 what would a tenth of

a second be well a thousand milliseconds

is one second so a tenth of a second

would be a thousand divided by 10 which

is a hundred and then we want it to be

off for nine hundred so still it's good

the duty cycle is going to be one second

but it's going to be oh no ha ha ha like

that

ok so let's download it and let's see

what happens uh uh ok let's do it the

other way let's have it mostly on 900 on

100 ah let's download that so this is

gonna be uh on off on off you see it's

mainly on it's mainly on I might have

messed that up a little bit but I'm

sorry right so hopefully yours is

hopefully yours is doing that man

you've written your first three programs

and it's just your first lesson and

you've already written three programs

okay let me give you a couple of

assignments I want you to first of all

what I want you to do is I want you to

write a program where it will blink fast

and I want you to see how quickly you

can make it blink where your eye still

perceives that it's blinking okay so

let's say let's say if I put 500 and 500

that's a half a second on and a half a

second off all right and then if I look

at it I can clearly see that that's

blinking but as you make that number

smaller and smaller you're gonna reach a

point that your eye cannot perceive that

it's blinking and it's just gonna look

like a constant maybe somewhat dim LED

so what I want you to do is I want you

to do that experiment and see how low

you can make this number how fast you

can make it blink you've got to change

both of them and still perceive that

it's blinking and then put your results

down in the comments and let's see if

you guys are getting similar answers as

far as your eye perceiving that the

thing is blinking versus it just looks

like it's it's constant okay guys this

is public order from Coptic boy comm if

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