What is a DAO? How to Build a DAO? (High Level)

Patrick Collins
20 Feb 202216:25

Summary

TLDRThe video script explores Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), explaining their governance through transparent blockchain rules and smart contracts. It delves into the DAO concept, including voting mechanisms and the challenges of trust and transparency. The Compound protocol serves as a case study for DAO operation, illustrating the proposal and voting lifecycle. The script also discusses architectural choices, trade-offs, and tools for building DAOs, emphasizing the importance of community engagement and the potential legal complexities of decentralized governance.

Takeaways

  • πŸ˜€ Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) are groups governed by transparent rules on a blockchain or smart contract, but the term is often overloaded and used differently by different people.
  • πŸ”’ The concept of DAOs solves the problem of trust, centrality, and transparency by giving power to the users through immutable and decentralized voting mechanisms.
  • πŸ› The term DAO was notably associated with 'The DAO' in 2016, which was the largest crowdfunded project at the time but also suffered a significant hack.
  • πŸ› οΈ Compound is highlighted as a precedent-setting protocol for DAOs, being a borrowing and lending application entirely built on smart contracts.
  • πŸ—³οΈ Governance in DAOs allows for proposals and voting on changes to the protocol, such as adding new tokens or adjusting parameters, with the voting process being a cornerstone of DAO operations.
  • πŸ‘₯ Voting mechanisms in DAOs are critical and can vary, including using ERC20 tokens, NFTs, or other methods to determine voting power and participation.
  • πŸ’‘ The 'Skin in the Game' concept suggests that bad decisions by voters could result in the loss of their tokens, adding accountability to the voting process.
  • πŸ€” Proof of personhood or participation is an interesting but challenging voting method, aiming to ensure one vote per person regardless of token holdings.
  • 🏦 On-chain voting involves direct interaction with smart contracts and is transparent but can be costly due to gas fees on the blockchain.
  • 🌐 Off-chain voting can reduce costs by using signed transactions stored off-chain, such as in IPFS, and then tallying votes through oracles like Chainlink.
  • πŸ› οΈ Tools like Snapshot, Zodiac, Tally, and Gnosis Safe are available to facilitate DAO creation and voting processes, offering both no-code and code solutions.

Q & A

  • What is a DAO and why is the term considered overloaded?

    -A DAO, or Decentralized Autonomous Organization, typically refers to a group governed by transparent rules on a blockchain or smart contract. The term is overloaded because it's used in various contexts: some consider Bitcoin a DAO due to miner decision-making power, others insist DAOs must use transparent smart contracts with ingrained rules, and some use DAO as a buzzword for any organization to gain attention.

  • What was the significance of the DAO in 2016?

    -The DAO in 2016 was an implementation of a Decentralized Autonomous Organization that set a record for the largest crowdfunded project at the time. However, it was also notorious for being the victim of the largest hack in the crypto space during that period.

  • How does the concept of decentralized governance in a DAO solve traditional problems of trust and transparency?

    -Decentralized governance in a DAO allows users to have voting power over the organization's decisions, with rules that are immutable, transparent, and decentralized. This approach eliminates the need for trust in a central authority and instead empowers users, making the decision-making process more open and accountable.

  • What is the Compound protocol and how does it relate to DAOs?

    -The Compound protocol is a borrowing and lending application built on smart contracts. It uses a DAO for governance, allowing token holders to vote on proposals to make changes to the protocol, such as adding new tokens or adjusting interest rates, demonstrating a practical application of DAO principles.

  • What is the process for creating and executing a proposal in a DAO governed by the Compound protocol?

    -A proposal in a DAO like Compound starts with a member creating a proposal transaction specifying the changes they want to make. After a delay, the proposal becomes active, and members can vote on it. If it passes, it enters a queued stage before being executed by a member calling the 'execute' function on the governance contract.

  • Why might a DAO need a voting mechanism?

    -A DAO needs a voting mechanism to allow its participants to engage in decision-making processes, such as updating protocol rules or adding new features. This is essential for the protocol to evolve and adapt to changing needs or conditions.

  • What are some of the challenges with using ERC20 tokens for voting power in a DAO?

    -Using ERC20 tokens for voting power can lead to an unfair distribution of influence, as those with more tokens effectively have more voting power. This could result in decisions that primarily benefit the wealthy rather than the broader community.

  • What is the 'skin in the game' concept in the context of DAO voting mechanisms?

    -The 'skin in the game' concept means that if a decision leads to a negative outcome for the DAO, those who voted for it could face penalties, such as losing some of their tokens. This encourages voters to make decisions that are in the best interest of the DAO.

  • What is the potential issue with using proof of personhood or participation in DAO voting?

    -The main issue with proof of personhood or participation is ensuring that one person cannot manipulate the system to have multiple votes. This requires a reliable method to verify that each vote corresponds to a unique individual, which is a challenge to implement in a decentralized system.

  • What are some of the tools and platforms available for building and managing a DAO?

    -Tools like Aragon, Colony, and DAOhaus provide no-code solutions for building and managing DAOs. For more granular control, developers can use platforms like OpenZeppelin for smart contract development, Snapshot for off-chain voting, and Gnosis Safe for multi-sig wallet functionalities.

  • What are some of the legal considerations for DAOs?

    -The legal status of DAOs is still somewhat ambiguous, as they do not fit neatly into traditional corporate structures. However, some jurisdictions, like Wyoming in the United States, have begun to legally recognize DAOs, offering a potential path for DAOs to operate within a legal framework.

Outlines

00:00

πŸ˜€ Understanding Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs)

This paragraph introduces the concept of DAOs, which are groups governed by transparent rules on a blockchain or smart contract. It discusses the varying interpretations of what constitutes a DAO, from Bitcoin miners' choices to the use of smart contracts with ingrained rules. The paragraph also references the 2016 DAO hack and emphasizes the importance of trust, centrality, and transparency in DAO governance. The author promises a deep dive into the Compound protocol, which serves as a precedent for DAOs, and hints at a future tutorial for developers interested in building DAOs.

05:02

πŸ› οΈ Exploring the Compound Protocol and DAO Governance Lifecycle

The second paragraph delves into the Compound protocol, a borrowing and lending application built on smart contracts. It explains the governance aspect, where users can propose changes like adding new tokens or adjusting interest rates. The paragraph outlines the process of creating, voting on, and executing proposals within the Compound governance system. It also touches on the importance of community discussion platforms like Discourse and snapshot voting tools for gauging community sentiment before official voting.

10:03

πŸ—³οΈ The Mechanics of Voting in DAOs and Architectural Considerations

This paragraph discusses the critical role of voting in DAOs and the various methods used to determine voting power. It contrasts using ERC20 tokens or NFTs, which may favor the wealthy, with alternative methods like 'skin in the game,' where bad decisions can lead to token loss, and 'proof of personhood' or 'participation,' which aims for one vote per person. The author also differentiates between on-chain and off-chain voting, highlighting the cost and transparency trade-offs, and mentions tools like Snapshot and Gnosis Safe that facilitate DAO governance.

15:04

πŸ›‘οΈ Legality and Tools for Building and Managing DAOs

The final paragraph addresses the legal and practical aspects of DAOs, questioning how they should be regulated and who is accountable for their actions. It mentions Wyoming's legal recognition of DAOs and suggests that building a DAO requires knowledge of various tools and platforms. The author lists no-code solutions like DAO Stack, Aragon, and DAO House, as well as more technical solutions like Snapshot and Tally. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for developers to build DAOs and a teaser for upcoming tutorial videos.

Mindmap

Keywords

πŸ’‘DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization)

A DAO is a group that operates based on a set of transparent rules encoded on a blockchain or smart contract. It's a key concept in the video, illustrating the shift from traditional centralized governance to one that is decentralized and community-driven. The script mentions various interpretations of what constitutes a DAO, highlighting the term's complexity and its importance in the context of blockchain governance.

πŸ’‘Smart Contracts

Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code. They play a pivotal role in DAOs, as they encode the rules that govern the organization. The video discusses how smart contracts can be used to facilitate voting and decision-making processes within DAOs, as seen in the Compound protocol example.

πŸ’‘Voting Mechanism

Voting mechanisms are essential in DAOs for members to participate in decision-making. The video explains different voting mechanisms such as using ERC20 tokens or NFTs for voting power, which can influence the fairness and dynamics of the DAO's governance. It is a core aspect of DAOs that the video delves into, examining its various implementations and implications.

πŸ’‘Governance

Governance in the context of DAOs refers to the process by which decisions are made and rules are enacted within the organization. The video script describes the governance process of the Compound protocol, where proposals are created, voted on, and potentially executed, demonstrating the practical application of decentralized governance.

πŸ’‘Compound Protocol

The Compound protocol is a borrowing and lending application built on smart contracts. It serves as a case study in the video to illustrate how a DAO operates, including its governance and voting processes. The script uses it to demonstrate the technical and architectural aspects of building a DAO.

πŸ’‘Proposals

In DAOs, proposals are suggestions for changes or actions that members can vote on. The video script discusses how proposals are created and processed within the Compound protocol, showing the lifecycle of a proposal from creation to execution or rejection.

πŸ’‘On-chain Voting

On-chain voting is the process where voting occurs directly on the blockchain. The video mentions the advantages and disadvantages of on-chain voting, such as transparency and the high gas costs associated with transactions. It is a critical component of the DAO's governance process.

πŸ’‘Off-chain Voting

Off-chain voting allows for votes to be cast outside of the blockchain, potentially reducing costs and complexity. The video script describes how off-chain voting can be implemented using tools like Snapshot, which stores votes in a decentralized database and can later be submitted to the blockchain, thus saving on gas fees.

πŸ’‘Quadratic Voting

Quadratic voting is a concept where the cost of voting is proportional to the square of the number of votes a participant wants to cast. The video script mentions Governor c, a tool that uses quadratic voting to potentially reduce costs while increasing civil resistance, indicating an innovative approach to voting in DAOs.

πŸ’‘Snapshot

Snapshot is a tool mentioned in the video that facilitates off-chain voting for DAOs. It allows for community sentiment to be gauged and votes to be counted without immediate on-chain execution, which can be cost-effective and efficient. The video encourages the exploration of a Chainlink integration with Snapshot for enhanced security and functionality.

πŸ’‘Skin in the Game

The concept of 'skin in the game' refers to a method where participants in a DAO have something at risk, and can be penalized for making poor decisions. The video script discusses this as a way to ensure accountability and discourage malicious behavior in DAO governance.

πŸ’‘Proof of Personhood

Proof of personhood is a proposed voting mechanism where each individual, regardless of the number of tokens they hold, gets one vote. The video script explores the challenges of implementing such a system, particularly the issue of civil resistance and ensuring that one person cannot manipulate the system to have multiple votes.

πŸ’‘Multi-sig Wallet

A multi-sig wallet, such as Gnosis Safe mentioned in the video, requires multiple signatures to authorize a transaction. While it introduces a level of centrality, it is suggested as a practical starting point for DAOs to manage initial governance and emergencies, highlighting the balance between decentralization and practicality in DAO operations.

πŸ’‘Legality

The video touches on the legal aspects of DAOs, questioning how they should be regulated and who would be held accountable for their actions. It notes that in Wyoming, DAOs can be legally recognized, indicating the evolving nature of DAOs in the legal landscape.

Highlights

DAOs, or Decentralized Autonomous Organizations, are groups governed by transparent rules on a blockchain or smart contract.

The term DAO is used in various ways, causing confusion and debate within the community.

The 2016 DAO hack highlighted the risks and challenges associated with DAOs.

DAOs aim to solve issues of trust, centrality, and transparency by giving users voting power.

The Compound protocol serves as a borrowing and lending application built on smart contracts, with governance as a key feature.

Governance proposals in DAOs can include adding new tokens or changing parameters, with a transparent voting process.

Proposals in DAOs are created and voted on by the community, with a minimum delay before execution.

The voting process in DAOs can be influenced by the use of ERC20 tokens or NFTs, which may favor wealthier participants.

Skin in the game is a voting mechanism where participants are held accountable for bad decisions, with token loss as a penalty.

Proof of personhood or participation is a proposed voting method to ensure fair representation, avoiding vote manipulation.

On-chain voting is straightforward but can be costly due to gas fees, impacting community participation.

Off-chain voting can reduce costs by using decentralized databases and oracles for vote tallying.

Snapshot is a popular tool for off-chain voting in DAOs, allowing for sentiment analysis and execution of votes.

Gnosis Safe is a multi-sig wallet that can be used in DAOs for voting, despite adding a centrality component.

Legal recognition of DAOs is possible in certain jurisdictions like Wyoming, offering a path for formal DAO establishment.

The future of DAOs involves exploring various voting mechanisms and tools to build and manage decentralized governance effectively.

Upcoming tutorials will guide developers through building DAOs from scratch, providing practical knowledge for implementation.

Transcripts

play00:00

now dao's or decentralized autonomous

play00:03

organizations is a bit of an overloaded

play00:05

term but it typically describes any

play00:07

group that is governed by a transparent

play00:10

set of rules found on a blockchain or

play00:12

smart contract and i say overloaded

play00:14

because some people say bitcoin is down

play00:16

because the miners could choose whether

play00:18

or not to upgrade their software other

play00:19

people think that daos must use

play00:21

transparent smart contracts which have

play00:22

the rules ingrained right into them and

play00:24

then other people think dao is just a

play00:26

buzzword so they just

play00:28

slap the name really onto any

play00:29

organization so that they can get some

play00:30

clout and this makes for sad patrick

play00:34

and this is not to be confused with the

play00:36

dao which was an implementation of a dao

play00:39

back in 2016 which set the record for

play00:41

the largest hack at that time so there's

play00:43

a lot of different ways to think about

play00:44

it and the dow term is used in a lot of

play00:46

different ways but in essence imagine if

play00:48

all the users of google were given

play00:50

voting power into what google should do

play00:52

next and the rules of the voting was

play00:55

immutable transparent and decentralized

play00:58

this solves an age-old problem of trust

play01:00

centrality and transparency and giving

play01:02

the power to the users of different

play01:04

protocols and applications instead of

play01:07

everything happening behind closed doors

play01:09

and this voting piece is a cornerstone

play01:11

of how these operate this decentralized

play01:13

governance if you will and it can be

play01:14

summarized by company or organization

play01:17

operated exclusively through code

play01:20

and to really understand all this we're

play01:21

going to look under the hood of the

play01:23

protocol that's setting the precedent

play01:24

for all other dows in compound then once

play01:27

we look at compound we'll understand

play01:29

what goes into building one of these and

play01:31

all the trade-offs all the different

play01:32

architectural choices mean for your

play01:34

group and then in my next video i'm

play01:36

gonna have a full code along tutorial

play01:38

for developers looking to build one of

play01:40

these themselves but be absolutely sure

play01:42

to watch the rest of this video because

play01:43

it's going to give you all the

play01:44

architectural fundamentals so you can

play01:46

make intelligent decisions when you get

play01:48

to that section and be sure that you and

play01:50

your dow friends smash the like and

play01:51

subscribe button so we can keep giving

play01:53

you the best engineer first content on

play01:56

the planet when it comes to smart

play01:57

contracts let's get into it

play01:59

so here we have the compound protocol

play02:02

it's a borrowing and lending application

play02:03

that allows users to borrow and lend

play02:06

their assets and everything about this

play02:08

application is built in smart contracts

play02:10

now oftentimes they're going to want to

play02:12

do a lot of new things maybe they want

play02:13

to add a new token to allow borrowing

play02:15

and lending maybe they're going to want

play02:16

to change

play02:18

some of the apy parameters maybe they're

play02:19

going to want to block certain coins

play02:21

there's a lot of different things that

play02:22

they might want to do so that's where

play02:24

we're going to go ahead to

play02:25

governance this is where you can find a

play02:28

user interface for a list of all the

play02:30

proposals and all the different ballots

play02:32

that came to be so here's a list of some

play02:35

of the governance proposals that this

play02:36

protocol has actually been making to

play02:38

improve and let's look at one of these

play02:40

proposals that's currently actually in

play02:42

process so if we click on the proposal

play02:44

we can actually see everything about

play02:46

this proposal who voted for who voted

play02:48

against and the proposal history here

play02:51

now the first thing to one of these

play02:52

proposals is somebody has to actually

play02:54

create the proposal in a proposed

play02:56

transaction and we actually see that

play02:57

proposed transaction

play02:59

right here if we click on this

play03:01

and we scroll down we can actually see

play03:03

the exact parameters they used to make

play03:05

this proposal let's go ahead and decode

play03:07

the input data and we can see this is

play03:09

exactly what this proposal looks like

play03:11

the way that they're typically divided

play03:13

is they have a list of addresses and a

play03:15

list of functions to call on those

play03:17

addresses and then obviously the

play03:19

parameters to pass those addresses

play03:21

so this proposal is saying hey i would

play03:23

like to call support market on this

play03:26

address

play03:27

set reserve factor on this address here

play03:30

the parameters we're going to pass

play03:31

they're obviously encoded with bytes

play03:34

and then here's the description string

play03:35

of what this is doing and why we're

play03:37

actually doing this the reason we have

play03:39

to do this proposal governance process

play03:41

is that these contracts likely have

play03:43

access controls where only the owner of

play03:45

these contracts can actually call these

play03:47

two functions and the owner of these two

play03:49

contracts is likely going to be this

play03:51

governance down and values to zero just

play03:54

means that we're not going to send any

play03:55

eth along with these transactions once a

play03:57

proposal has been created after a short

play03:59

delay it becomes active and this is when

play04:02

people can actually start voting on them

play04:04

this delay between a proposal and an

play04:06

active vote can be changed or modified

play04:08

depending on your doubt then people have

play04:10

some time to start voting on them and if

play04:13

it passes which this one overwhelmingly

play04:15

did it reaches succeeded if we click on

play04:17

this transaction again

play04:19

and we go to the compound governance

play04:20

contract

play04:21

and we scroll down to contract

play04:24

right as proxy

play04:25

we can actually see

play04:27

the exact function that the people call

play04:30

to vote namely cast by vote

play04:33

cast vote by signature and cast vote

play04:35

with reason we'll talk a little bit

play04:37

about the exact differences between

play04:38

these in our next video but these are

play04:40

the functions that they're actually

play04:41

calling

play04:43

and if you go to the compound app

play04:45

and we go over to vote

play04:47

this is a user interface you can

play04:48

actually vote through to make it easier

play04:50

if you're not as tech savvy so you can

play04:52

vote right through this

play04:53

app.compound.finance

play04:55

or you can just send the transaction

play04:56

yourself

play04:57

once all those votes happen

play04:59

it reaches this queued stage

play05:02

now what does cued mean

play05:03

well before a proposal actually becomes

play05:06

active there's a minimum delay between a

play05:08

proposal passing and a proposal being

play05:11

executed

play05:12

so somebody has to call this queued

play05:14

function and it only can be called if a

play05:16

vote passes and it says okay that

play05:19

proposal id has been queued and we're

play05:21

going to execute it

play05:23

soon now if we go to a different

play05:25

proposal like this one for example we

play05:27

can see it has been executed we can see

play05:29

somebody called this executed function

play05:33

and they executed proposal 82. so this

play05:36

is going to be a full example of the

play05:38

life cycle of a proposal going through

play05:40

this process now there are a couple that

play05:42

even failed a whole bunch of people

play05:44

voted against this and if you scroll

play05:46

down you can see it was created it was

play05:48

active and the majority of people voted

play05:50

against so that's where it stops now

play05:52

oftentimes just putting one of these

play05:54

proposals through isn't enough to really

play05:56

garner some votes for it you generally

play05:59

want a forum or some type of discussion

play06:01

place to talk about these proposals and

play06:03

why you like them or don't like them

play06:05

oftentimes a discourse is one of the

play06:07

main places that people are going to

play06:09

argue for why something is good or why

play06:10

something is bad so people can vote on

play06:12

these changes and again snapshot might

play06:15

be one of these tools that you use to

play06:17

figure out if your community even wants

play06:18

something before it even goes to vote

play06:20

you could join one of these and with

play06:22

your tokens actually vote on things

play06:24

without them being executed just to get

play06:26

the sentiment or like i said before you

play06:28

could build your protocol in a way that

play06:29

snapshot actually helps you with the

play06:31

voting process all right now you've seen

play06:33

the protocol that has been influencing

play06:35

all the other dowels on how to vote now

play06:37

you know

play06:38

now that we know what a dell looks like

play06:40

let's talk about the architecture and

play06:41

tools that go into building one of these

play06:43

and additionally the trade-offs that

play06:45

they have and the first thing to talk

play06:46

about here is going to be the voting

play06:48

mechanism now voting and decentralized

play06:50

governance is critical to these dows

play06:53

because sometimes they do need to update

play06:55

and change to keep with the times not

play06:57

all protocols need to have a dow but

play06:59

those that do need to have a doubt need

play07:01

a way for participants to engage this is

play07:03

one of the most important questions to

play07:05

ask and to tell your communities how do

play07:08

i participate how do i engage in this

play07:10

doubt how do i help make decisions and

play07:13

you'll find this is a bit of a tricky

play07:15

problem to solve now an easy approach to

play07:18

this problem is going to be using an

play07:20

erc20 or an nft token as voting power

play07:23

similar to what we saw with compound use

play07:25

the comp token to vote for different

play07:27

proposals seems simple enough right boom

play07:30

problem solved hooray now this actually

play07:32

might be the right approach for certain

play07:34

dows but it also runs the risk of

play07:36

actually being less fair because when

play07:38

you tokenize the voting power you're

play07:40

essentially auctioning off this voting

play07:42

power to whoever's got the deepest

play07:44

pockets whoever has the most money gets

play07:46

to pick the changes so if it's only the

play07:48

rich people who get the vote then it's

play07:50

highly likely that all the changes in

play07:52

the protocol are going to benefit

play07:54

the rich which doesn't really seem like

play07:55

that great of an improvement over our

play07:57

current world nfts are interesting

play07:59

because they have this non-fungible

play08:01

component but yet even they still run

play08:04

into this issue additionally if you buy

play08:05

a whole bunch of votes you make a bad

play08:07

decision and then sell all your votes

play08:09

you as an individual don't really get

play08:11

punished you just punish the group as a

play08:13

whole but you being malicious you can

play08:15

get away with pretty scot-free now again

play08:17

this voting mechanism is going to be

play08:18

correct for some groups but for other

play08:21

groups

play08:22

maybe not it really just depends on what

play08:24

your dow and community setup is going to

play08:26

look like now the next one we're going

play08:27

to talk about is skin in the game now

play08:29

vitalik has actually written a lot about

play08:31

this and i highly recommend you read his

play08:32

article link in the description to see

play08:34

that the skin in the game method means

play08:36

that whenever you make a decision your

play08:38

vote is recorded and if that decision

play08:41

leads to a bad outcome your tokens

play08:44

are axed do you get punished for making

play08:46

evil or bad decisions for your dow and

play08:48

your protocol i like this mentality

play08:50

because even if you buy a ton of tokens

play08:52

and decide to be ill with it you can be

play08:53

held accountable for your bad decisions

play08:55

now the hardest part about this though

play08:57

is going to be how do we decide as a

play08:59

community what is a bad outcome how do

play09:02

we actually punish these people and

play09:03

that's easy because the answer

play09:06

is i'm not sure now the third method of

play09:09

this voting mechanism is probably one of

play09:11

the most interesting ones but also the

play09:13

hardest ones to implement and this is

play09:15

proof of personhood or participation

play09:18

imagine that all users of the compound

play09:20

protocol were given a single vote simply

play09:23

because they used the protocol and even

play09:25

if they had a thousand wallets that used

play09:27

the protocol one human being means one

play09:30

vote this would be amazing and a far

play09:32

more fair implementation where votes

play09:34

couldn't actually just be bought the

play09:36

issue however comes in something known

play09:38

as civil resistance how can we be sure

play09:40

that it's one vote equals one

play09:42

participant and not one participant

play09:44

pretending to be thousands of different

play09:46

people so they get more votes this

play09:48

method hasn't really been solved yet but

play09:50

i'm willing to bet some very clever

play09:51

engineer will do some amazing chain link

play09:53

integration because proof of personhood

play09:55

is basically just off chain data that

play09:57

can be delivered on chain and that's

play09:58

exactly where chain link shines now as

play10:00

you can see all these methods and even

play10:03

more that you probably think of aren't

play10:04

that far-fetched and we actually see

play10:07

these exact same methods happening in

play10:09

the real world proof of personhood or

play10:11

proof of participation might just be the

play10:13

exact same as kind of the regular

play10:15

government voting that we see every day

play10:16

in the united states at least one person

play10:19

gets to vote for one president you can't

play10:21

go around making a whole bunch of fake

play10:23

people and voting for president but in

play10:24

companies the erc20 voting standard kind

play10:27

of applies the more shares of a company

play10:29

you have maybe the more voting power you

play10:31

have in that company so we can draw

play10:32

parallels between the real world and how

play10:34

voting and governance is going to work

play10:36

in our smart contracts and in fact you

play10:37

should draw parallels and look for

play10:39

inspiration from the web 2 space now

play10:41

when it comes to implementation of the

play10:42

voting i put them into two categories on

play10:44

on-chain voting and off-chain voting

play10:46

on-chain voting is exactly what we saw

play10:48

with compound there's a smart contract

play10:50

on chain you're a voter you call some

play10:53

function called vote with your meta mask

play10:54

your ledger or whatever

play10:56

send a transaction and boom you voted

play10:59

congrats you can wear your little

play11:00

sticker now call that function and you

play11:01

send a transaction

play11:03

you send a transaction hmm

play11:06

what do transactions use that are kind

play11:07

of annoying and kind of costly uh

play11:10

oh that's right gas imagine you have 10

play11:12

000 people in your community and it

play11:14

costs 100 to vote per person you're now

play11:17

costing your community one million

play11:19

dollars anytime you want to change

play11:21

anything this is obviously insane and

play11:22

not very sustainable for your community

play11:24

the pro here is that the architecture is

play11:26

really easy everything's gonna be

play11:27

transparent everything's gonna be on

play11:29

chain and that's really good but yes the

play11:31

con is that you're going to break the

play11:32

bank account for a lot of people

play11:34

potentially now there are a lot of

play11:35

variations of this to help solve some of

play11:37

these problems especially the gas

play11:39

problem one of the ones that i'm

play11:40

incredibly excited for is this one

play11:42

called governor c where they use some

play11:44

random sampling to do some quadratic

play11:46

voting to help reduce costs while

play11:48

increasing civil resistance you want to

play11:49

learn more about that one too be sure to

play11:51

read about it in the description so on

play11:53

chain voting is the simplest one here

play11:55

but let's talk about

play11:56

off chain voting

play11:58

how could you possibly vote off chain in

play12:00

a decentralized context relax relax you

play12:02

can vote off chain and still have it be

play12:04

100 decentralized you can actually sign

play12:06

a transaction and sign a vote without

play12:09

actually sending to a blockchain and

play12:11

therefore without actually spending any

play12:12

gas instead what you can do is send that

play12:15

signed transaction to a decentralized

play12:17

database like ipfs count up all the

play12:20

votes in ipfs and then when time comes

play12:22

deliver the result of that data through

play12:25

something like an oracle like chain link

play12:26

to the blockchain all in a single

play12:28

transaction alternatively what you could

play12:30

do is you could replay all these signed

play12:32

transactions in a single transaction to

play12:34

save gas this can reduce the voting

play12:36

costs by up to 99

play12:38

right now this is an implementation and

play12:40

one of the most popular ways to do this

play12:41

is through snapshot and i'm just dying

play12:44

for someone to make a chain link

play12:45

integration because it's going to be so

play12:47

much safer more secure and better and

play12:49

blah blah blah dying for it this is your

play12:51

call to action go build this thing this

play12:53

option voting mechanism obviously saves

play12:54

a ton of gas to the community and can be

play12:57

a more efficient way to store these

play12:58

transactions anyways however it needs to

play13:00

be implemented very carefully if you run

play13:02

your entire dow through a centralized

play13:04

oracle you are essentially reintroducing

play13:06

a centralized intermediary and ruining

play13:08

the decentrality of your application so

play13:10

don't do that and if you made it to this

play13:11

point of the video give yourself a

play13:13

little pat on the back you're doing

play13:14

fantastic learning is fantastic like i

play13:16

said i have a video coming out after

play13:18

this one it's going to show you end to

play13:20

end how to build one of these from

play13:21

scratch let's learn about some of the

play13:23

tools that you can use to help get you

play13:25

up to speed quicker now there are a

play13:26

number of no code solutions that can go

play13:28

into building one of these dows dow

play13:30

stack aragon

play13:34

just kidding this is aragon colony and

play13:36

dao house are all alternatives that can

play13:38

actually help you with the op side of

play13:40

running a dow and building a doubt

play13:42

however if you want more granular

play13:43

control and you don't want to have to

play13:44

pay any fees associated with these

play13:46

protocols you might want to do it from

play13:48

scratch now let's talk about some of the

play13:49

more cody solutions that you can use

play13:51

snapshot is one of the most popular

play13:52

tools out there for both getting the

play13:54

sentiment of a dow and actually

play13:56

performing that execution users can vote

play13:58

through this protocol with their actual

play14:00

tokens those transactions get stored in

play14:02

ipfs but none of it actually gets

play14:04

executed unless the dow chooses to so

play14:06

this can be a great way to get a feel

play14:09

for what your tao wants to do and

play14:11

optionally and you can send the

play14:13

transactions and execute the votes as

play14:15

well i highly recommend checking out

play14:17

zodiac which is a suite of database

play14:19

tools for you to implement into your

play14:21

dials as well tally is another one of

play14:22

these uis that allow people to see and

play14:25

actually vote and interact with these

play14:26

smart contracts through user interface

play14:28

for those of you who don't know about

play14:29

gnosis safe you absolutely should nosa

play14:32

safe is a multi-sig wallet and the

play14:33

reason that i put this on the list even

play14:35

though it's adds kind of this centrality

play14:36

component is that most dows in the

play14:39

beginning are probably going to start

play14:41

with some type of centrality it's much

play14:43

easier to be fast when you don't have

play14:44

thousands of people to wait for a vote

play14:46

and in the beginning any protocol is

play14:48

going to be centralized to some degree

play14:49

anyways using a multi-sig where voting

play14:51

happens through only a few key members

play14:54

can be good in the beginning for your

play14:55

doubts and often emergencies as well but

play14:58

just keep in mind when you add one of

play15:00

these you are adding this level of

play15:01

centrality and then of course opens up

play15:03

and contracts we love open zipping

play15:05

contracts these are the contracts that

play15:06

we're going to be basing our dow code

play15:08

along on all right so that's all the

play15:10

tools that's the architecture one more

play15:12

thing before i let you go legality the

play15:14

future of daos is interesting for all

play15:16

these reasons we just talked about but

play15:18

especially on a legal front does it make

play15:20

sense for a dow to live by the same

play15:21

regulation as another company how would

play15:23

you even force a dow to do something

play15:25

you'd have to force them to all vote a

play15:26

certain way if the government tells you

play15:28

to

play15:29

it's it's a little gray it's hard to

play15:30

nail down who to even keep accountable

play15:32

for these daos in the united states at

play15:34

least you can actually form your own dow

play15:36

and have it legally recognized in the

play15:38

state of wyoming this is something i

play15:40

want to do so we'll just have to see

play15:41

what happens there

play15:43

at this point you have been injected

play15:45

with all the dow knowledge you need to

play15:47

succeed and thrive with this new amazing

play15:50

technology and these new amazing

play15:51

concepts and it's time to build baby be

play15:54

sure to watch my next video where we're

play15:56

going to take you step by step in

play15:58

building these in my code along

play15:59

tutorials

play16:01

[Music]

play16:24

you

Rate This
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
Decentralized GovernanceDAOsBlockchainSmart ContractsVoting PowerProtocol BuildingCommunity EngagementTokenizationGovernance MechanismCompliance IssuesTechnology Tutorial