How porn changes the way teens think about sex | Emily F. Rothman

Summary

In this insightful talk, the speaker shares her unexpected discovery that mentioning 'pornography' instantly engages bored teenagers. Initially struggling to inspire youth about public health careers, she pivots to discussing the impact of porn on dating violence. Through her research, she explores the complex relationship between porn and sexual violence, challenging the audience to consider the role of porn in shaping teens' sexual behaviors and attitudes. She advocates for a nonjudgmental, science-based approach to educate teens about the realities of pornography, fostering critical thinking and open dialogue.

Takeaways

• 😯 The speaker discovered that mentioning 'pornography' captures the attention of bored teenagers.
• 🔬 The speaker's research into dating violence unexpectedly found a link between pornography and forced sexual acts.
• 📊 Data indicates that dating violence is more prevalent than bullying, considering suicide, or vaping among high school students.
• 🤔 The speaker explored the impact of pornography on dating violence with an open, scientific, and sex-positive mindset.
• 📚 There is no clear consensus on whether pornography is beneficial or harmful; studies show mixed results.
• 🚫 The speaker acknowledges the industry's exploitation of misogyny and sexual violence in some pornographic content.
• 🛑 The anti-pornography stance has historically been misused to discriminate against certain sexual orientations and preferences.
• 📈 Free online pornography serves as a poor sex education for teenagers but is not necessarily turning them into compulsive users.
• 📉 The internet has not drastically increased the percentage of young adolescents exposed to pornography.
• 🌐 Other media besides pornography, such as sexualized video games and TV shows, may contribute more to sexual violence issues.
• 🏫 There is a lack of comprehensive, medically accurate sex education in many U.S. schools, leading teens to seek information from pornography.
• 🤓 The speaker advocates for 'pornography literacy', teaching teens to be critical thinkers about the content they consume.
• 🌟 The approach to discussing pornography with teenagers should be nonjudgmental, honest, and based on scientific evidence.

Q & A

What was the speaker's initial challenge when addressing high school students about public health?

The speaker's initial challenge was capturing the attention of the bored teenagers, which was eventually achieved by mentioning the word 'pornography'.

What surprising finding emerged from the research study that included questions about pornography?

The surprising finding was that 11% of the teen girls in the sample reported being forced or threatened to do sexual things that the perpetrator saw in pornography.

How prevalent is dating violence among high school youth according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention?

Dating violence is quite prevalent, affecting one in five high school-attending youth in the US each year.

What is the speaker's professional mission in relation to dating and sexual violence?

The speaker's professional mission is to find solutions to end dating and sexual violence.

What is the speaker's approach to understanding the impact of pornography on youth?

The speaker's approach is to read peer-reviewed literature and conduct her own research to understand what sexually explicit media youth are watching and how it might affect their dating relationships.

What is the speaker's stance on people's right to enjoy their sexuality?

The speaker is sex-positive, fully supporting people's right to enjoy whatever kind of sex life and sexuality they find fulfilling, as long as it includes enthusiastic consent of all parties involved.

What did the speaker find concerning the longitudinal study about teenagers who saw pornography?

The speaker found a longitudinal study concerning because it showed that teenagers who saw pornography were subsequently more likely to perpetrate sexual violence, although the study's design did not allow for definitive causal conclusions.

What percentage of 10-to-13-year-olds reported seeing pornography in a nationally representative study conducted in 2010?

In 2010, 30 percent of 10-to-13-year-olds reported seeing pornography in the past year.

What is the speaker's view on the role of pornography in sexual violence perpetration among adolescents?

The speaker believes that while pornography may play a role, it is not the sole cause of sexual violence perpetration among adolescents and that focusing on it alone may distract from bigger issues.

What percentage of first-year college males and females have seen pornography at least once by the time they are 18?

By the time they are 18, 93 percent of first-year college males and 62 percent of females have seen pornography at least once.

What is the speaker's proposed method for discussing pornography with teenagers?

The speaker proposes a method called 'pornography literacy,' which involves nonjudgmental, science-based discussions that encourage critical thinking about both the research literature on pornography and the pornography itself.

How does the speaker describe the teenagers' engagement in conversations about pornography?

The speaker describes the teenagers as being ready to engage in back-and-forth discussions about pornography, grappling with complexities and showing sophistication in their points.

What is the speaker's conclusion about the teenagers' readiness for adult conversations on complex topics like pornography?

The speaker concludes that teenagers, despite not being adults yet, are living in an adult world and are ready for adult conversations, especially when those conversations are honest and allow them to grapple with complexities.

Outlines

00:00

🔞 Capturing Teenagers' Attention with a Controversial Topic

The speaker recounts an experience from 2012 when discussing the topic of pornography unexpectedly captured the attention of a bored group of high school students in Boston. This incident led to a pivotal moment in the speaker's professional mission to find solutions to end dating and sexual violence. The speaker had been working on the issue of dating violence for over a decade, citing CDC data that one in five high school students experience abuse by a dating partner each year in the U.S., a problem more prevalent than bullying, considering suicide, or vaping. The speaker's research team was seeking novel answers to the causes of dating abuse and how to prevent it, with an unexpected finding that 11% of teen girls reported being forced or threatened to perform sexual acts seen in pornography, prompting further investigation into the role of pornography in dating violence.

05:01

🤔 The Complex Debate on Pornography's Impact

The speaker describes the pressure to take a side in the debate on pornography's impact, amidst an industry that capitalizes on violent and degrading sexual acts, often without clear consent. The speaker acknowledges societal problems with misogyny, sexual violence, and the potential role of pornography in exacerbating these issues. However, they also highlight the historical misuse of anti-pornography positions to discriminate against certain groups. The speaker's research into the effects of pornography on teenagers reveals mixed results, with some studies suggesting a link between viewing pornography and perpetrating sexual violence, while others do not find such associations. The speaker emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and a nuanced approach to discussing pornography's impact, rather than adopting a one-sided view.

10:05

🚫 Pornography as an Unintended Sex Education Source

The speaker discusses the reality that mainstream, online pornography serves as a poor form of sex education for teenagers, who often turn to it for information due to the lack of reliable, factual sex education in schools. With less than half of U.S. states requiring medically accurate sex education, teenagers are left to form their understanding of sex and relationships from potentially misleading sources. The speaker shares insights from an after-school program in Boston, where teenagers were more engaged in discussions about sex and pornography than in traditional conversations about dating violence. The approach taken was to use pornography as a 'jumping-off point' for discussing important topics like sexual consent, respect, and healthy boundaries, under the umbrella of healthy relationships education.

15:06

🌟 The Approach of Pornography Literacy in Education

The speaker introduces the concept of 'pornography literacy,' an educational approach that involves nonjudgmental, science-based conversations about pornography with teenagers. The goal is to foster critical thinking and an understanding of the complexities surrounding pornography, rather than promoting fear or a one-sided argument. The speaker shares anecdotes from their classes, illustrating the range of perspectives and insights that teenagers bring to these discussions, from recognizing harmful stereotypes to appreciating positive representations. The speaker concludes by emphasizing the importance of honest, adult conversations with teenagers about pornography, acknowledging their readiness to engage with the complexities of the subject.

Keywords

💡Pornography

Pornography refers to the depiction of sexual subject matter for the purpose of sexual arousal. In the video's context, it is a focal point that captures the attention of teenagers and serves as a gateway to discuss broader issues of sexual health and violence. The speaker uses the term to highlight the unexpected engagement from students when it is mentioned, illustrating its power as a conversation starter on sensitive topics.

💡Dating Violence

Dating violence encompasses physical, sexual, or psychological harm inflicted by a dating partner. The video discusses the prevalence of dating violence, noting that it is more common than other issues faced by teenagers. The speaker's professional mission is to find solutions to end dating and sexual violence, making it a central theme of the talk.

💡Sexual Abuse

Sexual abuse involves non-consensual sexual contact or behavior. The script mentions that one in five high school-attending youth experience physical and/or sexual abuse by a dating partner each year in the US, emphasizing the severity and frequency of this issue within the teenage population.

💡Sex-Positive

Being sex-positive means supporting the right of individuals to enjoy any kind of sex life and sexuality they find fulfilling, provided it involves enthusiastic consent. The speaker identifies as sex-positive, which influences their approach to researching and discussing pornography, aiming for an objective and open-minded perspective.

💡Misogyny

Misogyny is the hatred, contempt, or prejudice against women or girls. The video touches on the role of pornography in perpetuating misogyny, suggesting that certain types of pornography may contribute to societal problems with sexual violence and rape, although the speaker also acknowledges the complexity of this issue.

💡Sexualized Media

Sexualized media refers to content that portrays individuals, often women, in a sexualized manner. The script points out that teenagers are more likely to encounter sexualized images in various media forms, not just pornography, which could be a contributing factor to issues with sexual violence.

💡Sex Education

Sex education is educational content about human sexuality and relationships. The video criticizes the lack of comprehensive and medically accurate sex education in many US schools, which leads teenagers to turn to pornography for information about sex, highlighting the need for better educational resources.

💡Consent

Consent in a sexual context means that all parties involved have given clear and voluntary agreement to participate in sexual activities. The speaker discusses the importance of teaching about consent, using the context of discussing pornography to educate teenagers about healthy sexual relationships and boundaries.

💡Pornography Literacy

Pornography literacy is the idea of educating individuals about the realities of pornography, its potential effects, and how to critically engage with it. The speaker introduces this concept as a method to discuss pornography with teenagers in a nonjudgmental and scientifically accurate manner, aiming to foster critical thinking.

💡Critical Consumers

Critical consumers are individuals who think critically about the media they consume, including its content, context, and impact. The video encourages teenagers to become critical consumers of both pornography and research literature on the topic, promoting a more nuanced understanding and engagement with the material.

💡Adult Conversations

Adult conversations refer to discussions that involve mature, complex, and sometimes uncomfortable topics. The speaker argues that teenagers, despite not being adults, are ready for such conversations, particularly when it comes to discussing pornography and its implications in a realistic and honest manner.

Highlights

The speaker discovered that mentioning 'pornography' captures the attention of bored teenagers.

Pornography is a surprising catalyst for engaging high school students in discussions about public health.

One in five high school students in the US experience dating violence, a rate higher than bullying, considering suicide, or vaping.

Eleven percent of teen girls reported being forced or threatened to act out scenes from pornography.

The speaker's research aimed to understand the link between pornography and dating violence.

The speaker is a 'sex-positive' social scientist, supporting the right to a fulfilling sex life with consent.

The speaker explored the impact of pornography on youth without bias, despite personal reservations.

Some studies suggest a link between adolescent exposure to pornography and subsequent sexual violence.

Mixed research findings on the effects of pornography on adolescents' behavior and attitudes.

The speaker faced pressure to take a side on the issue of pornography, challenging her objectivity.

Pornography's portrayal of women and sexual violence raises concerns about societal misogyny.

The anti-pornography stance has historically been misused to discriminate against sexual minorities.

Free online pornography serves as a poor substitute for sex education among teenagers.

The prevalence of pornography among teenagers is not as ubiquitous as commonly believed.

Other media may contribute more to sexual violence than pornography alone.

Teenagers turn to pornography for sex education due to a lack of reliable information elsewhere.

Less than half of US states require medically accurate sex education in schools.

Using pornography as a conversation starter can effectively teach about healthy relationships and consent.

The speaker advocates for a nonjudgmental, 'pornography literacy' approach in educating teenagers.

Adolescents are capable of critical thinking and nuanced discussions about pornography.

The speaker's approach has received widespread interest from educators and parents across the US.

Engaging teenagers in honest conversations about pornography helps them grapple with its complexities.

Transcripts

[This talk contains mature content]

Six years ago,

I discovered something that scientists have been wanting to know for years.

How do you capture the attention

of a roomful of extremely bored teenagers?

It turns out all you have to do is mention the word pornography.

(Laughter)

Let me tell you how I first learned this.

In 2012, I was sitting in a crowded room full of high school students

who were attending an after-school program in Boston.

And my job, as guest speaker for the day,

was to inspire them to think about how exciting it would be

to have a career in public health.

The problem was,

as I looked at their faces,

I could see that their eyes were glazing over,

and they were just tuning out.

It didn't even matter that I wore

what I thought was my cool outfit that day.

I was just losing my audience.

So, then one of the two adults who worked for the program said,

"Aren't you doing some research about pornography?

Maybe tell them about that."

All of a sudden, that room full of high school students exploded

into laughter, high fives.

I think there were some loud hooting noises.

And all anyone had done was say that one word -- pornography.

That moment would prove to be an important turning point

for me and my professional mission of finding solutions

to end dating and sexual violence.

At that point, I'd been working for more than a decade

on this seemingly intractable problem of dating violence.

Data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

demonstrate that one in five high school-attending youth

experience physical and/or sexual abuse

by a dating partner each year in the US.

That makes dating violence more prevalent

than being bullied on school property,

seriously considering suicide,

or even vaping,

in that same population.

But solutions were proving elusive.

And I was working with a research team

that was hunting for novel answers to the question:

What's causing dating abuse, and how do we stop it?

One of the research studies that we were working on at the time

happened to include a few questions about pornography.

And something unexpected was emerging from our findings.

Eleven percent of the teen girls in our sample

reported that they had been forced or threatened

to do sexual things that the perpetrator saw in pornography.

That got me curious.

Was pornography to blame for any percentage of dating violence?

Or was it more like a coincidence that the pornography users

also happen to be more likely to be in unhealthy relationships?

I investigated by reading everything that I could

from the peer-reviewed literature,

and by conducting my own research.

I wanted to know

what kinds of sexually explicit media youth were watching,

and how often and why,

and see if I could piece together

if it was part of the reason that for so many of them

dating relationships were apparently unhealthy.

As I read, I tried to keep an open mind,

even though there were plenty of members of the public

who'd already made up their mind about the issue.

Why would I keep an open mind about pornography?

Well, I'm a trained social scientist,

so it's my job to be objective.

But I'm also what people call sex-positive.

That means that I fully support people's right

to enjoy whatever kind of sex life and sexuality they find fulfilling,

no matter what it involves,

as long as it includes the enthusiastic consent

of all parties involved.

That said, I personally wasn't inclined towards watching pornography.

I'd seen some, didn't really do anything for me.

And as a mom of two soon-to-be teenage children,

I had my own concerns

about what seeing pornography could do to them.

I noticed that while there were a lot of people

who were denouncing pornography,

there were also people who were staunch defenders of it

for a variety of reasons.

So in my scholarly exploration,

I genuinely tried to understand:

Was pornography bad for you or was it good for you?

Was it misogynist or was it empowering?

And there was not one singular answer that emerged clearly.

There was one longitudinal study that had me really worried,

that showed that teenagers who saw pornography

were subsequently more likely to perpetrate sexual violence.

But the design of the study

didn't allow for definitive causal conclusions.

And there were other studies that did not find

that adolescent pornography use

was associated with certain negative outcomes.

Even though there were other studies that did find that.

But as I spoke to other experts,

I felt tremendous pressure to pick a side about pornography.

Join one team or the other.

I was even told that it was weak-minded of me

not to be able to pick out the one correct answer about pornography.

And it was complicated,

because there is an industry

that is capitalizing off of audience's fascination

with seeing women, in particular, not just having sex,

but being chocked, gagged, slapped,

spit upon, ejaculated upon,

called degrading names over and over during sex,

and not always clearly with their consent.

Most people would agree that we have a serious problem

with misogyny, sexual violence and rape in this country,

and pornography probably isn't helping with any of that.

And a critically important problem to me was that

for more than a century,

the anti-pornography position had been used as a pretext

for discriminating against gays and lesbians

or people who have kinks or have fetishes.

So I could see why, on the one hand,

we might be very worried about the messages that pornography is sending,

and on the other hand,

why we might be really worried about going overboard indicting it.

For the next two years,

I looked into every scary, horrifying claim that I could find

about the average age at which people first see pornography,

or what it does to their brains or their sexuality.

Here's what I have to report back.

The free, online, mainstream pornography,

that's the kind that teenagers are most likely to see,

is a completely terrible form of sex education.

(Laughter)

(Applause)

But that's not what it was intended for.

And it probably is not instantly poisoning their minds

or turning them into compulsive users,

the way that some ideologues would have you believe.

It's a rare person who doesn't see some pornography in their youth.

By the time they're 18 years old,

93 percent of first year college males and 62 percent of females

have seen pornography at least once.

And though people like to say

that the internet has made pornography ubiquitous,

or basically guarantees that any young child

who's handed a smartphone is definitely going to see pornography,

data don't really support that.

A nationally representative study found that in the year 2000

16 percent of 10-to-13-year-old youth

reported that they'd seen pornography in the past year.

And by 2010, that figure had increased.

But only to 30 percent.

So it wasn't everybody.

Our problems with adolescents and sexual violence perpetration

is not only because of pornography.

In fact, a recent study

found that adolescents are more likely to see sexualized images

in other kinds of media besides pornography.

Think about all those sexualized video games,

or TV shows, or music videos.

And it could be exposure to a steady stream of violent media

that instead of or in addition to the sexualized images

is causing our problems.

By focusing on the potential harms of pornography alone,

we may be distracting ourselves from bigger issues.

Or missing root causes of dating and sexual violence,

which are the true public health crises.

That said, even my own research

demonstrates that adolescents are turning to pornography

for education and information about sex.

And that's because they can't find

reliable and factual information elsewhere.

Less than 50 percent of the states in the United States

require that sex education be taught in schools,

including how to prevent coerced sex.

And less than half of those states

require that the information presented be medically accurate.

So in that Boston after-school program,

those kids really wanted to talk about sex,

and they really wanted to talk about pornography.

And they wanted to talk about those things

a whole lot more than they wanted to talk about dating or sexual violence.

So we realized,

we could cover all of the same topics that we might normally talk about

under the guise of healthy relationships education,

like, what's a definition of sexual consent?

Or, how do you know if you're hurting somebody during sex?

Or what are healthy boundaries to have when you're flirting?

All of these same things we could discuss

by using pornography as the jumping-off point

for our conversation.

It's sort of like when adults give kids a desert like brownies,

but they secretly baked a zucchini or something healthy inside of it.

(Laughter)

We could talk to the kids about the healthy stuff,

the stuff that's good for you,

but hide it inside a conversation that was about something

that they thought they wanted to be talking about.

We also discovered something

that we didn't necessarily set out to find,

which is that there's a fantastic way to have a conversation with teenagers

about pornography.

And that is,

keep the conversation true to science.

Admit what we know and what we don't know

about the impact of pornography.

Talk about where there are mixed results

or where there are weaknesses in the studies that have been conducted.

Invite the adolescents to become critical consumers

of the research literature on pornography,

as well as the pornography itself.

That really fits with adolescent development.

Adolescents like to question things

and they like to be invited to think for themselves.

And we realized by starting to experiment,

teaching some classes in consent, respect and pornography,

that trying to scare adolescents into a particular point of view

or jam a one-sided argument down their throat about pornography

not only probably does not work,

but really doesn't model the kind of respectful,

consensual behavior that we want them to learn.

So our approach, what we call pornography literacy,

is about presenting the truth about pornography

to the best of our knowledge,

given that there is an ever-changing evidence base.

When people hear that we teach a nine-session, 18-hour class

in pornography literacy to teenagers,

I think that they either think that we're sitting kids down

and trying to show them how to watch pornography,

which is not what we do,

or that we're part of an anti-pornography activist group

that's trying to convince them that if they ever saw pornography,

it would be the number one worst thing for their health ever.

And that's not it, either.

Our secret ingredient is that we're nonjudgmental.

We don't think that youth should be watching pornography.

But, above all, we want them to become critical thinkers

if and when they do see it.

And we've learned,

from the number of requests for our curriculum and our training,

from across the US and beyond,

that there are a lot of parents and a lot of teachers

who really do want to be having these more nuanced

and realistic conversations with teenagers about pornography.

We've had requests from Utah to Vermont,

to Alabama, to Hawaii.

So in that after-school program,

what I saw, is that from the minute we mentioned the word pornography,

those kids were ready to jump in to a back-and-forth

about what they did and didn't want to see in pornography,

and what they did and didn't want to do during sex.

And what was degrading to women

or unfair to men or racist, all of it.

And they made some really sophisticated points.

Exactly the kinds of things that we would want them to be talking about

as violence prevention activists.

And as teachers, we might leave the class one day and think,

"It is really sad that there's that one boy in our class

who thinks that all women have orgasms from anal sex."

And we might leave class the next week and think,

"I'm really glad that there's that one kid in our class who's gay,

who said that seeing his sexuality represented in pornography

saved his life."

Or, "There's that one girl in our class

who said that she's feeling a lot better about her body,

because she saw someone shaped like her as the object of desire

in some tame pornography."

So this is where I find myself as a violence prevention activist.

I find myself talking about and researching pornography.

And though it would be easier

if things in life were all one way or the other,

what I've found in my conversations with teenagers about pornography

is that they remain engaged in these conversations

because we allow them to grapple with the complexities.

And because we're honest about the science.

These adolescents may not be adults yet,

but they are living in an adult world.

And they're ready for adult conversations.

Thank you.

(Applause)