What is internal migration? | Migrants on the margins

Summary

By 2050, cities are projected to house 70% of the world's population, with 5.2 billion urban residents. Migration, both international and internal, is driving this urbanization, influenced by factors like economic opportunities, social conditions, and environmental pressures. The growth of medium and small cities, particularly in developing countries, is outpacing that of mega-cities. This urban expansion brings challenges like inequality and environmental strain, prompting the need for sustainable development to ensure inclusive, safe, and resilient cities by 2030.

Takeaways

• 🌏 By 2050, 70% of the world's population will be urban, with 5.2 billion people living in cities.
• 📈 Urban growth is driven by natural increase and migration, including both international and internal movements.
• 🏙️ Internal migration, particularly within low-income developing countries, is a significant factor in urban population growth.
• 🌍 International migration involves moving between countries, such as from the UK to Spain.
• 🚶‍♂️ Internal migration refers to movement within the same country, often from rural to urban areas.
• 🔄 Migration can be voluntary or forced, with reasons ranging from economic to environmental factors.
• 🏙️🌳 Mega-cities like Delhi, Beijing, and Sao Paulo are well-known examples of urbanization, but smaller cities are growing faster.
• 📊 Cities with populations between 1 to 5 million account for 59% of the world's urban population and are the fastest growing.
• 🌐 South-South migration, movement between developing countries, is a notable trend in global urbanization.
• 📈 Over the next 30 years, more than 1.5 billion people are projected to move into cities, particularly in Africa and Asia.
• 🏡 Migration can improve lives by providing access to jobs, education, and health services but also poses challenges to cities.
• 🛑 Cities need to adapt to the challenges of internal migration, as outlined by the Sustainable Development Goal 11, aiming for inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable urban environments by 2030.

Q & A

What percentage of the world's population is projected to live in urban areas by 2050?

By 2050, it is projected that 70 percent of the world's population will live in urban areas, up from 54 percent currently.

What are the two types of migration mentioned in the script?

The two types of migration mentioned are international migration, which involves moving from one country to another, and internal migration, which is the movement of people within the same region or country.

What is the difference between forced migration and other types of migration?

Forced migration occurs when people have no choice but to move due to factors such as conflict, development policies, or natural disasters. It is different from other types of migration which may be voluntary and driven by economic, social, or personal reasons.

How many people are projected to move into cities in the next 30 years?

Over the next 30 years, more than 1.5 billion people are projected to move into cities, which equates to more than 50 million people per year.

What are mega-cities and which cities are examples mentioned in the script?

Mega-cities are urban areas with a population of more than 10 million. Examples mentioned in the script include Delhi, Beijing, and Sao Paulo.

What percentage of the world's urban population is accounted for by medium and small cities, and why are they significant?

Medium and small cities, which are not the capital and have a population between 1 to 5 million, account for 59% of the world's urban population. They are significant because they are the fastest-growing segment of urban areas.

What is the term used to describe migration between low-income developing countries?

The term used to describe migration between low-income developing countries is 'South-South migration'.

How many internal migrants are there worldwide, and what challenges does this number present?

There are approximately 740 million internal migrants worldwide, although the actual number is likely to be much higher due to difficulties in capturing data on these movements.

How can migration impact the lives of individuals who move to cities?

Migration can impact individuals by offering them access to jobs, education, and health services, potentially enhancing their lives. However, it may also lead to challenges such as inequality, exclusion, and deprivation, especially if they face poor housing conditions or tensions with existing residents.

What is the Sustainable Development Goal number 11, and how does it aim to address urban challenges related to internal migration?

Sustainable Development Goal number 11 aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable for all by 2030. It addresses urban challenges by promoting development that can accommodate the influx of internal migrants without compromising the well-being and sustainability of urban areas.

How does the experience of migration impact people on a personal level?

The experience of migration can impact people by potentially enhancing their lives through new opportunities or refuge. However, for others, it may lead to feelings of insecurity, inability to integrate into new communities, or becoming trapped without the means to return to their previous lives.

Outlines

00:00

🌆 Urbanization and Migration Trends

The first paragraph discusses the rapid urbanization of the world's population, with an expected increase to 70% by 2050, totaling 5.2 billion urban residents. It explains the two main drivers of this growth: natural population increase and migration. The paragraph distinguishes between international and internal migration, providing examples and discussing the various reasons for migration, including economic, social, political, and environmental factors. It also touches on the concept of forced migration due to conflict, development policies, and natural disasters. The script highlights the projected migration into cities, especially in Africa and Asia, and the rise of mega-cities and smaller urban centers. It also addresses the challenges and impacts of urbanization on social, economic, and environmental fronts, including inequality, informal employment, and access to services. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the importance of sustainable development goal 11 to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable by 2030.

Keywords

💡Urbanization

Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, leading to the growth of cities. It is a central theme of the video, illustrating the increasing trend of people moving to cities, which is expected to reach 70 percent of the world's population by 2050. The script discusses how urban growth is driven by both natural increase and migration.

💡Migration

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, and it is a key driver of urbanization. The script distinguishes between two types of migration: international, which involves moving between countries, and internal, which is movement within the same country or region. Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon with various causes, including economic, social, political, and environmental factors.

💡Natural Increase

Natural increase is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate in a population. It contributes to urban growth, as mentioned in the script, by adding to the population without the need for migration. This concept is integral to understanding the demographic changes occurring in urban areas.

💡Internal Migration

Internal migration is the movement of people within the same country, often from rural to urban areas. The script highlights that internal migration is a significant contributor to urban growth, especially in low-income developing countries, where people move in search of better opportunities.

💡International Migration

International migration involves people moving from one country to another, such as from the UK to Spain, as mentioned in the script. This type of migration can have a significant impact on both the sending and receiving countries and is a part of the broader urbanization process.

💡Forced Migration

Forced migration is the displacement of people who have no choice but to move due to circumstances beyond their control, such as conflict, development policies, or natural disasters. The script points out that forced migration is a type of movement that can significantly affect individuals' lives and the dynamics of urban areas.

💡Mega Cities

Mega cities are urban areas with a population of more than 10 million people, like Delhi, Beijing, and Sao Paulo. The script uses mega cities as an example to illustrate the most visible face of urbanization, showing how some cities are becoming increasingly populous and influential in global urban trends.

💡South-South Migration

South-South migration refers to the movement of people between developing countries. The script estimates that this form of migration is growing and is an important trend in the global urban landscape, as it represents a significant portion of the urban population growth.

💡Sustainable Development Goal 11

Sustainable Development Goal 11 is an international commitment to making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable for all by 2030. The script mentions this goal as a response to the challenges of urbanization and internal migration, emphasizing the need for cities to adapt and plan for future growth.

💡Inequality

Inequality is the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among different groups in society. The script discusses how migration can lead to social inequality, particularly in cities where new and existing residents may experience different levels of access to services and living conditions.

💡Environmental Pressure

Environmental pressure refers to the strain placed on natural resources and ecosystems due to human activities. The script mentions that urbanization and migration can lead to environmental challenges, such as unreliable or unaffordable access to water and energy for poorer communities.

Highlights

By 2050, 70 percent of the world's population will live in urban areas, doubling the current 54 percent.

Urban growth is driven by natural increase and migration.

Migration includes two types: international and internal.

International migration refers to moving from one country to another, such as from the UK to Spain.

Internal migration is the movement within the same country, like from rural to urban areas.

Reasons for migration include economic, social, political, or environmental factors.

Forced migration is a result of conflict, development policies, and natural disasters.

Over the next 30 years, more than 1.5 billion people are projected to move into cities.

Mega-cities like Delhi, Beijing, and Sao Paulo are the most visible face of urbanization.

Medium and small cities account for 59% of the world's urban population and are the fastest growing.

South-South migration refers to migration between low-income developing countries.

Approximately 740 million people are internal migrants worldwide, with actual numbers likely higher.

Migration can enhance lives through access to jobs, education, and health services.

Migration may also cause social, economic, and environmental pressures on cities.

Social issues from migration can include inequality, exclusion, and deprivation.

Economically, migration can lead to informal and precarious employment.

Environmental concerns include unreliable or unaffordable water and energy for poorer communities.

Migration impacts individuals, potentially leading to integration challenges and insecurity.

Sustainable Development Goal 11 aims to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable by 2030.

The Global Learning Program supports teaching and learning of development and global issues.

Transcripts

the world's population is increasingly

urban cities are home to 54 percent of

the world's population by 2050 that

figure will rise to 70 percent with 5.2

billion urban residents urban growth in

population occurs as a result of the

natural increase between birth and

deaths and migration to towns and cities

migration is the movement of people from

one place to another there are two types

of migration pre international and

internal international migration is when

people move from one country to another

for example from the UK to Spain

internal migration is the movement of

people within the same region or country

for example from rural to urban areas

these moves whether international or

internal can be long or short-term

there are many reasons for migration

economic social political or

environmental for some people they have

no choice in their journey they have to

move this is called forced migration it

can occur as a result of conflict

development policies and natural

disasters in the next 30 years more than

1.5 billion people more than 50 million

a year are projected to move into cities

in Africa and Asia mega cities with a

population of more than 10 million such

as Delhi Beijing in Sao Paulo been the

most visible face of urbanization but

medium and small cities that are not the

capital and have a population between 1

to 5 million people account for 59% the

world's urban population and are the

fastest growing this urban growth has

two important trends firstly internal

migration is occurring in small and

medium cities in low-income developing

countries

secondly migration is taking place

between such countries this is known as

south south migration it is estimated

that there are approximately 740 million

internal migrants worldwide though

actual numbers are likely to be much

higher as it is often difficult to

capture data on these movements less

economically developed countries and

regions migration may enhance people's

lives through access to jobs education

and health services creating the diverse

societies and labor needed to economic

growth

however migration may also put social

economic and environmental pressure on

already stressed cities example socially

it may generate inequality exclusion and

deprivation as a result of poor quality

housing in tensions between new and

existing residents

economically employment maybe informal

and precarious which creates an equal

access to services such as health care

and education in communities

particularly for young people

environmentally water and energy

security may not be reliable or be easy

to access or be affordable for poorer

communities not only does migration

impact cities but the experience of

migration impacts people themselves for

many seeking new prospects or refuge

moving may enhance their lives however

be for others migration may lead to them

becoming trapped unable to fully

integrate into new communities through

increasing insecurity unable to return

to their previous lives so how can

cities adapt to new urban challenges of

internal migration this is being

addressed by a sustainable development

goal number 11 which aims to make cities

and human settlements inclusive safe

resilient and sustainable for all by

2030 pre this animation is funded by the

Global Learning Program support your

teaching and learning of development and

global issues by visiting