central nervous system mcqs with answers | mcq on central nervous system | nervous system mcqs

Dear Competitive Exams

24 Jan 202416:19

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script covers 25 multiple-choice questions on the human nervous system, focusing on its primary functions, components, and processes. It delves into topics such as neuron communication, neurotransmitters, the blood-brain barrier, and the roles of different parts of the brain and nervous system in regulating bodily functions. The script aims to prepare viewers for medical or nursing exams by testing their knowledge on essential neuroanatomy and physiology concepts.

Takeaways

📡 The primary function of the nervous system is communication, which involves transmitting signals and information between different parts of the body.
🌐 Dendrites are the structures of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body.
👀 The optic nerve is responsible for vision, transmitting visual information from the eyes to the brain.
🧠 The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and integrating information.
🚀 Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation and pleasure, playing a crucial role in the brain's reward system.
🛡️ Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system form the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve fibers.
💓 The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating basic physiological functions such as breathing and heart rate.
🏃‍♂️ The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and sensory information, as opposed to involuntary actions and reflexes.
🛑 GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, associated with inhibitory signals.
🛡️ The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood by selectively allowing certain substances to pass.
🔥 The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, preparing the body for intense physical activity.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the nervous system?
-The primary function of the nervous system is communication. It is responsible for transmitting signals and information between different parts of the body, allowing for communication and coordination.
Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
-Dendrites are the branching structures of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body.
Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
-The optic nerve is responsible for vision. It transmits visual information from the eyes to the brain.
What does the central nervous system consist of?
-The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and integrating information.
Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation and pleasure?
-Dopamine is the neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation and the brain's reward system, influencing pleasure and motivation.
What is the myelin sheath formed by?
-The myelin sheath is formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, which insulate nerve fibers.
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic physiological functions such as breathing and heart rate?
-The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating basic physiological functions, including breathing and heart rate.
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
-The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements and sensory information.
Which neurotransmitter is associated with inhibitory signals in the brain?
-Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?
-The blood-brain barrier selectively allows certain substances to pass, protecting the brain from toxins and pathogens.
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?
-The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, preparing the body for intense physical activity.
What is the function of the cerebellum?
-The cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance.
What is the gap between two adjacent neurons where neurotransmitters are released called?
-The gap between two adjacent neurons where neurotransmitters are released is called a synapse.
Parkinson's disease is associated with the degeneration of neurons that produce what?
-Parkinson's disease is associated with the degeneration of neurons that produce dopamine.
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems components of?
-The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are components of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions.
Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for carrying sensory information to the brain?
-The dorsal root of the spinal cord is responsible for carrying sensory information to the brain.
What is the process by which an action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another called?
-The process by which an action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another is called saltatory conduction.
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst?
-The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.
What is the space filled with cerebrospinal fluid that cushions and protects the brain called?
-The space filled with cerebrospinal fluid that cushions and protects the brain is called the ventricles.
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the rest and digest response?
-The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the rest and digest response, promoting relaxation and supporting digestive functions.
What is the condition characterized by sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain known as?
-The condition characterized by sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain is known as epilepsy.
Which part of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and problem-solving?
-The frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and problem-solving.
What hormone is released during the fight or flight response?
-Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released during the fight or flight response, preparing the body for action.
What is the main function of the blood-CSF barrier?
-The main function of the blood-CSF barrier is to prevent the entry of red blood cells and large molecules into the cerebral spinal fluid.
Which part of the neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body?
-The axon is the long slender extension of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.
Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood, sleep, and appetite regulation?
-Serotonin is the neurotransmitter associated with mood, sleep, and appetite regulation.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 Nervous System and Neurons Basics

This paragraph delves into the fundamental functions of the nervous system, emphasizing its primary role in communication through signal transmission. It also covers the structure of neurons, particularly the function of dendrites in receiving signals. Additionally, it touches on the optic nerve's responsibility for vision and the central nervous system's components, which include the brain and spinal cord. The paragraph concludes with an exploration of neurotransmitters, highlighting dopamine's significance in mood regulation and pleasure.

05:01

🛡️ Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurotransmitters

The focus of this paragraph is the blood-brain barrier's function in safeguarding the brain from harmful substances while allowing selective passage of necessary substances. It also discusses the role of neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically identifying GABA as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. The paragraph further addresses the sympathetic nervous system's role in the fight or flight response and the cerebellum's function in balance and coordination.

10:05

🚨 Neurological Disorders and Brain Functions

This paragraph explores various neurological topics, starting with the function of the synapse in neurotransmission. It then discusses Parkinson's disease in relation to dopamine-producing neurons and the autonomic nervous system's role in involuntary bodily functions. The text also covers the spinal cord's sensory information pathway and the process of saltatory conduction, which is key to the rapid transmission of action potentials.

15:06

🌡️ Homeostatic Regulation and Neurotransmitters

The final paragraph discusses the hypothalamus's role in regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, as well as the ventricles' function in protecting the brain through cerebrospinal fluid. It also explains the parasympathetic nervous system's role in the rest and digest response and the frontal lobe's association with higher cognitive functions. The paragraph concludes with an examination of epilepsy and the fight or flight response's hormonal mediation, particularly the release of adrenaline.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Nervous System

The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells, known as neurons, that transmit signals throughout the body. It is essential for communication and coordination, as it allows different parts of the body to interact with each other. In the video, the nervous system is highlighted as the primary method of communication within the body, with the correct answer to the first question being 'communication'.

💡Neuron

A neuron is the fundamental unit of the nervous system, responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. The script mentions different parts of a neuron, such as dendrites and axons, which play crucial roles in signal reception and transmission.

💡Dendrite

Dendrites are the branching structures of a neuron that primarily receive signals from other neurons. They are key to the video's discussion on how neurons communicate with each other, as illustrated in the question about which part of the neuron receives signals.

💡Synapse

A synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals. It is central to the video's theme of communication within the nervous system, as it is the site where information is passed from one neuron to another.

💡Cranial Nerves

Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for various sensory and motor functions. The video specifically mentions the optic nerve, which is responsible for vision, emphasizing its role in transmitting visual information from the eyes to the brain.

💡Central Nervous System (CNS)

The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, is the control center of the nervous system, responsible for processing and integrating information. The video highlights its importance by stating that it includes the brain and spinal cord.

💡Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that facilitate the transmission of signals across synapses. The script discusses several neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and GABA, which are associated with mood regulation, pleasure, and inhibitory signals, respectively.

💡Myelin Sheath

The myelin sheath is a protective layer that insulates nerve fibers and increases the speed of electrical signals. The video mentions that oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system form the myelin sheath, emphasizing its role in efficient nerve signal transmission.

💡Medulla Oblongata

The medulla oblongata is a part of the brainstem involved in controlling vital autonomic functions, such as breathing and heart rate. The video script highlights its role in regulating basic physiological functions.

💡Somatic Nervous System

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements and sensory information processing. The video script explains that it controls voluntary movements, distinguishing it from the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary actions.

💡Blood-Brain Barrier

The blood-brain barrier is a selective barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood while allowing certain substances to pass. The video script emphasizes its protective role in maintaining the brain's health.

💡Sympathetic Nervous System

The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for the fight or flight response. The video script explains that it prepares the body for intense physical activity, illustrating its role in stress and emergency situations.

💡Cerebellum

The cerebellum is a region of the brain that plays a crucial role in balance and coordination. The video script mentions its function in maintaining balance, showing its importance in motor control.

💡Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons. The video script discusses its link to dopamine deficiency, highlighting the importance of this neurotransmitter in movement and motor control.

💡Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions and consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The video script explains its role in controlling involuntary actions, such as heart rate and digestion.

💡Saltatory Conduction

Saltatory conduction is the rapid transmission of action potentials between nodes of Ranvier along an axon. The video script describes this process, emphasizing the efficiency of nerve signal transmission.

💡Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating various bodily functions, including body temperature, hunger, and thirst. The video script highlights its role in these essential regulatory functions.

💡Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal brain activity. The video script mentions it as a condition involving sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain.

💡Frontal Lobe

The frontal lobe is a region of the brain associated with higher cognitive functions, such as reasoning, planning, and problem-solving. The video script identifies it as the part of the brain responsible for these executive functions.

💡Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone released during the fight or flight response, preparing the body for action. The video script discusses its role in this physiological response to stress or danger.

💡Serotonin

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in regulating mood, sleep, and appetite. The video script mentions its association with these important physiological and psychological processes.

Highlights

The primary function of the nervous system is communication, responsible for transmitting signals and information between different parts of the body.

Dendrites are the structures of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body.

The optic nerve is responsible for vision, transmitting visual information from the eyes to the brain.

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and integrating information.

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation and pleasure, playing a crucial role in the brain's reward system.

Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system form the myelin sheath, insulating nerve fibers.

The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating basic physiological functions such as breathing and heart rate.

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and sensory information.

GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, associated with inhibitory signals.

The blood-brain barrier selectively allows certain substances to pass, protecting the brain from toxins and pathogens.

The sympathetic nervous system activates the fight or flight response, preparing the body for intense physical activity.

The cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance.

The synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are transmitted.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by a deficiency of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.

The autonomic nervous system, consisting of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, regulates involuntary bodily functions.

The dorsal root of the spinal cord carries sensory information to the brain.

Saltatory conduction is the rapid transmission of action potentials between nodes of Ranvier.

The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating various bodily functions including temperature, hunger, and thirst.

The parasympathetic nervous system promotes relaxation and supports digestive functions, associated with the rest and digest response.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder marked by recurrent seizures due to abnormal brain activity.

The frontal lobe is associated with higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and problem-solving.

The fight or flight response is mediated by the release of adrenaline, preparing the body for action.

The blood-CSF barrier prevents the passage of red blood cells and large molecules into the cerebral spinal fluid.

The axon is the long slender extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body.

Serotonin plays a key role in regulating mood, sleep, and appetite.