(22) SIRAH NABAWIYAH | Peperangan Qushay dan Keturunannya | Kadam Sidik

Summary

The script delves into the historical background of Abdul Manaf, an ancestor of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and explores the political dynamics of the Quraysh tribe. It covers the conflict between Qusay and the Khuza'ah family, the leadership struggles over Makkah, and the eventual division of responsibilities within the tribe. The narrative highlights the alliances, power struggles, and strategic decisions made by key figures like Qusay and Abdul Manaf. The story also touches on the origins of the Prophet's lineage and the legacy of the early Quraysh leaders, offering a deep dive into the complexities of early Islamic history.

Takeaways

• 🕌 The leadership of Makkah shifted over time: after Prophet Ismail’s descendants, Bani Khuza’ah ruled Makkah for around 500 years until the era of Qusay ibn Kilab.
• 🤝 Qusay ibn Kilab regained control of Makkah through both lineage (as a descendant of Ismail) and legitimacy granted by his father-in-law Hulail of Bani Khuza’ah.
• ⚔️ A major conflict nearly erupted between Qusay and Bani Khuza’ah after Hulail’s death, resulting in bloodshed before both sides agreed to arbitration.
• ⚖️ An elder named Ya‘mur acted as arbitrator and ruled in favor of Qusay, affirming that leadership of Makkah and the Ka‘bah should return to Ismail’s lineage.
• 🌿 Qusay ruled wisely and inclusively, avoiding revenge and instead assigning important positions in Makkah to former rivals from Bani Khuza’ah to maintain stability.
• 🗝️ Qusay consolidated five key authorities in Makkah: Siqayah (water for pilgrims), Rifadah (food for pilgrims), Hijabah (custodianship of the Ka‘bah), Liwa’ (war banner), and Nadwah (council assembly).
• 👨‍👦 Qusay deeply loved his eldest son Abd al-Dar and granted him all five authorities, even though Abd al-Dar was weaker than his brothers in leadership and influence.
• 🌙 Abd Manaf, the ancestor of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, stood out for his charisma, nobility, and beauty, earning the nickname 'Qamar' (the Moon).
• 🔥 After Qusay’s death, tensions rose between the descendants of Abd Manaf and Abd al-Dar, leading to powerful tribal alliances and the brink of civil war.
• 🌸 The supporters of Abd Manaf formed the alliance known as Al-Mutayyibin (the perfumed ones), symbolizing unity through perfume near the Ka‘bah.
• 🩸 The supporters of Abd al-Dar formed a rival alliance called Al-Alaqat ad-Dam (the blood-lickers), sealing their pact through blood symbolism.
• 🤲 Neutral tribes mediated the conflict, resulting in a peaceful settlement that divided authority: Abd Manaf’s descendants received Siqayah and Rifadah, while Abd al-Dar’s lineage kept Hijabah, Liwa’, and Nadwah.
• 📜 The custodianship of the Ka‘bah (Hijabah) was decreed to remain with Abd al-Dar’s descendants until the end of time, as affirmed by the Prophet ﷺ.
• 🧬 Although Abd al-Dar retained formal authority, history ultimately highlighted the lineage of Abd Manaf, from whom Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was descended.

Q & A

Who was Abdul Manaf and why is he significant in the context of the early Quraysh leadership?

Abdul Manaf, originally named Mughirah, is significant because he is an ancestor of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He is known for managing a major religious statue in Makkah and later becoming a prominent leader in the Quraysh tribe, which played a key role in the leadership of Makkah.

What was the dispute between Qusay and the family of his wife, Hubba, and how was it resolved?

The dispute arose after Hulail, Hubba’s father, declared that the leadership of Makkah should pass to Qusay (his son-in-law) rather than the Khuza’ah family. This led to a conflict, which was eventually resolved by the wisdom of an elderly arbitrator named Ya'mur, who decided in favor of Qusay, granting him control over Makkah.

How did Qusay earn the leadership of Makkah and its sacred responsibilities?

Qusay earned the leadership by arguing that he was a direct descendant of Ismail (the son of Ibrahim), the founding figure of Makkah. His opponent, Khuza'ah, had ruled Makkah for 500 years but failed to provide a strong enough argument to overturn Qusay's claim.

What are the five main responsibilities that Qusay held over Makkah?

The five main responsibilities were: Assiqayah (providing water to pilgrims), Arfadah (providing food to pilgrims), Alhijabah (custody of the Ka'bah), Aliwa (the standard of the Quraysh), and Annadwah (the gathering place for tribal decisions).

Why did Qusay give the key responsibilities of Makkah to Abd al-Dar, his eldest son?

Qusay loved his eldest son, Abd al-Dar, and wanted to ensure that his name would be remembered. Despite Abd al-Dar's physical and intellectual limitations, Qusay granted him the leadership positions to preserve his legacy.

What caused the conflict between the descendants of Abd al-Dar and Abd al-Manaf?

The conflict arose when the descendants of Abd al-Manaf felt that they deserved the responsibilities of managing Makkah, since they believed the descendants of Abd al-Dar were not as capable. This led to a series of alliances between different factions within the Quraysh.

What was the significance of the alliances formed by the descendants of Abd al-Dar and Abd al-Manaf?

The alliances were crucial in determining who would control the key responsibilities of Makkah. The descendants of Abd al-Dar and Abd al-Manaf each formed powerful alliances with other tribes, leading to a division of the sacred duties of Makkah, with Abd al-Dar controlling three and Abd al-Manaf two.

How did the Quraysh resolve the conflict over Makkah's leadership?

The conflict was resolved when representatives from the rival factions of Abd al-Dar and Abd al-Manaf met and decided to divide the responsibilities of Makkah. Abd al-Dar retained three key roles, including the custodianship of the Ka'bah, while Abd al-Manaf was assigned two roles, including providing food and water for pilgrims.

What symbolic actions were taken by the factions to solidify their alliances?

To symbolize their alliances, the descendants of Abd al-Manaf dipped their hands in a vessel of perfume, while the descendants of Abd al-Dar dipped theirs in the blood of a sacrificed camel. These actions represented their allegiance and the division between the two groups.

Why is the term 'Al-Mutayyabin' significant, and how does it relate to the Quraysh conflict?

'Al-Mutayyabin' refers to the faction of Abd al-Manaf, named after the perfume they used to symbolize their alliance. It contrasts with the 'Alaqatud Dam' (Blood Drinkers) faction of Abd al-Dar, named after their blood ritual. This division marks the rivalry between the two branches of the Quraysh tribe.