PAI kelas 9 Bab 10 Sejarah Peradaban Islam masa Daulah Syafawi di Persia rangkuman

Summary

The script provides an overview of the history and key events of the Safavid Empire in Persia. It details the establishment of the Safavid dynasty in 1502, its rise under notable leaders like Ismail I and Shah Abbas I, the empire’s cultural and economic flourishing, and its eventual decline due to internal strife, poor leadership, and military weakness. Key achievements include diplomatic ties, religious tolerance, and the development of Persian art and architecture. The downfall of the empire is marked by a series of weak rulers and external invasions, culminating in the collapse of the Safavid dynasty in the 18th century.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Safavid Dynasty was established in 1502 in Persia, initially as a religious movement by the Safavi Order, aiming to cleanse Islam of corruption and innovation.
• 😀 The first ruler of the Safavid Dynasty was Ismail I, followed by his successors Tahmasab I, Ismail Mirza, Muhammad Khodabandeh, and Abbas I.
• 😀 The reign of Abbas I (1587–1629) marked the golden age of the Safavid Empire, with territorial expansion from the Tigris to the Indus River.
• 😀 Under Abbas I, Safavid Persia witnessed advances in politics, economics, social reforms, and religious harmony, alongside the creation of a powerful army.
• 😀 Diplomatic relations were established between the Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, Crimea, and Russia.
• 😀 The Safavid Empire's capital city, Isfahan, flourished as a center of culture, with grand architectural works that earned it the title 'Nisf-e Jahan' ('Half of the World').
• 😀 The Safavid Dynasty promoted religious tolerance, allowing multiple faiths to coexist, and invested in the development of the arts such as painting, literature, and architecture.
• 😀 The Safavids faced a period of decline starting with the reign of Safi Mirza (1629–1642), which included internal strife and ineffective leadership.
• 😀 The empire suffered further during the rule of Sultan Suleiman I (1667–1694), whose harsh governance led to widespread unrest and the loss of territories, including Afghanistan.
• 😀 The Safavid Empire's collapse was sealed in 1736 after the fall of the last Safavid ruler, Abbas III, marking the end of the dynasty after being overthrown by external forces and internal dissent.

Q & A

What was the origin of the Safavid Dynasty (Daulah Syafawi)?

The Safavid Dynasty originated from the Safavid Sufi order (Tarekat Syafawi), which was founded by Shaykh Safi al-Din in Ardabil, Azerbaijan, with the goal of purifying Islamic teachings from deviance and heresy.

When was the Safavid Dynasty officially established?

The Safavid Dynasty was officially established in Persia in 1502.

Who was the first ruler of the Safavid Dynasty?

The first ruler of the Safavid Dynasty was Abu al-Muzaffar Ismail bin Haidar, also known as Shah Ismail I.

Who ruled the Safavid Dynasty after Shah Ismail I?

Shah Ismail I was succeeded by Shah Tahmasp I, who ruled from 1525 to 1576.

Which ruler marked the golden age of the Safavid Dynasty?

The golden age of the Safavid Dynasty occurred during the reign of Shah Abbas I, who ruled from 1587 to 1629.

What territorial expansion occurred during the peak of the Safavid Dynasty?

During its peak, the Safavid Dynasty’s territory stretched from the Tigris River in the west to the Indus River in the east.

What political and military reforms were introduced under Shah Abbas I?

Shah Abbas I formed a professional military force known as the Ghulam army, which strengthened internal security and stabilized the Safavid state.

How did the Safavid Dynasty contribute to international relations?

The Safavid Dynasty established diplomatic and friendly relations with the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire in India, Crimea, and Russia.

What role did Bandar Abbas play during the Safavid period?

Bandar Abbas was developed as a major international trade port and became an important global trading route.

How did the Safavid Dynasty approach religious diversity?

The Safavid Dynasty implemented a system of religious tolerance among different religious communities.

What cultural and architectural achievements were made during the Safavid era?

The Safavids built magnificent architectural structures in Isfahan, which earned the city the nickname 'Nisf-e Jahan' (Half of the World) and recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

What forms of art flourished during the Safavid Dynasty?

Various art forms developed, including painting, literature, architecture, and handicrafts.

What is the significance of the Raudhi Khani tradition?

Raudhi Khani is a cultural-religious ceremony commemorating the death of Husayn, a major Shi’a Imam, held annually on the 10th of Muharram.

When did the decline of the Safavid Dynasty begin?

The decline began during the reign of Safi Mirza (Shah Safi), who ruled from 1629 to 1642.

What factors contributed to the weakening of the Safavid Dynasty?

Factors included cruel leadership, public apathy, internal rebellions, loss of territories such as Afghanistan, and conflicts with the Ottoman Empire.

When did the Safavid Dynasty officially collapse?

The Safavid Dynasty officially ended in 1736 after Shah Abbas III was overthrown and imprisoned.

What were the main causes of the downfall of the Safavid Dynasty?

The main causes included domination by certain elites, national disintegration due to leadership conflicts, incompetent and immoral rulers, untrained military forces, and ongoing conflicts with the Ottoman Empire.