🥇 SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL (S.N.C) - Generalidades - ¡Explicación Sencilla!
Summary
TLDREste video de Easy Anatomy, presentado por Juan José Sánchez, ofrece una visión general del sistema nervioso central, compuesto por el cerebro y la médula espinal. Se exploran las divisiones del cerebro en prosencefalo, mesencefalo y rhombencefalo, y se destaca su importancia en la interpretación y control de las funciones corporales. Además, se menciona la conexión del sistema nervioso central con el periférico a través de las nervios craneales y espinales, y se describe la protección que ofrecen las meninges y el líquido cefalorraquídeo al sistema nervioso central.
Takeaways
- 🧠 El sistema nervioso central está compuesto por el cerebro y la médula espinal.
- 📚 Se divide en dos grandes áreas: el sistema nervioso central y el periférico, siendo el tema de hoy el primero.
- 🧐 El cerebro es la masa que se encuentra en la caja craneal y contiene múltiples estructuras, incluyendo el cerebro mismo.
- 🔍 El cerebro se divide en tres áreas principales: el protocerebro, el mesencephalo y el metencephalo.
- 🧬 El protocerebro incluye el telencefalo (cerebro) y el diencefalo, siendo el telencefalo la parte más voluminosa.
- 💡 El mesencephalo es crucial ya que alberga centros vitales y núcleos de los nervios craneales.
- 🌟 El metencephalo se subdivide en el pons y el cerebelo, mientras que el mielencefalo corresponde a la médula oblongada.
- 💻 Las funciones del sistema nervioso central incluyen la interpretación de estímulos y la emisión de órdenes para el organismo.
- 🌐 Los nervios craneales surgen del cerebro y forman parte del sistema nervioso periférico, pero están interconectados con el central.
- 🛡️ La médula espinal es una extensión del sistema cerebral que se encuentra dentro del conducto vertebral y está protegida por el canal espinal.
- 🧬 La médula espinal está segmentada y tiene funciones de mando central, incluyendo la conexión con el sistema nervioso autónomo periférico.
- 🏥 El sistema nervioso central está protegido por meninges y el líquido cefalorraquídeo, que cumple múltiples funciones, incluyendo amortiguación y nutrición.
Q & A
¿Qué es el sistema nervioso central y qué componentes principales tiene?
-El sistema nervioso central es la parte del sistema nervioso encargada de la dirección y la integración de la información, compuesto principalmente por el cerebro y la médula espinal.
¿Cuál es la función principal del sistema nervioso central?
-La función principal del sistema nervioso central es la de dar órdenes y dirigir todas las acciones que se llevan a cabo en el organismo, así como interpretar los estímulos capturados por diferentes receptores.
¿Cómo se divide el cerebro según el contenido del video?
-El cerebro se divide en tres grandes áreas: el cerebro anterior (prosencefalo), el cerebro medio (mesencefalo) y el cerebro posterior (rhinencefalo).
¿Qué es el prosencefalo y qué partes más específicas contiene?
-El prosencefalo es una de las divisiones del cerebro que se subdivide en el telencefalo, que incluye los lóbulos cerebrales y la corteza cerebral, y el diencefalo, que contiene estructuras como el tálamo y el hipotálamo.
¿Cuál es la importancia del mesencefalo en el sistema nervioso central?
-El mesencefalo es importante ya que alberga muchos de los centros vitales y núcleos de los nervios craneales, siendo esencial para la regulación de funciones como la respiración y la circulación.
¿Qué se entiende por el sistema nervioso periférico y cómo se relaciona con el central?
-El sistema nervioso periférico se compone de los nervios que conectan el sistema nervioso central con el resto del cuerpo. Incluye los nervios craneales y espinales, y se comunica con el central para transmitir información.
¿Cómo se describe la médula espinal en el video y cuáles son sus funciones?
-La médula espinal se describe como la extensión del sistema cerebrospinal que se encuentra dentro del conducto vertebral, protegida por el canal espinal. Tiene funciones de mando central, tanto de emisión como de recepción de órdenes, y alberga centros del sistema autónomo nervioso.
¿Qué son las meninges y qué función cumplen en el sistema nervioso central?
-Las meninges son tejidos que componen una serie de membranas que rodean y protegen el sistema nervioso central, incluyendo la dura madre, la arachnoid y la pia madre. Además, forman el espacio subaracnoideo donde circula el líquido cefalorraquídeo.
¿Qué es el líquido cefalorraquídeo y cuáles son sus funciones principales?
-El líquido cefalorraquídeo es un líquido que circula en el sistema nervioso central, con funciones de amortiguación, nutrición, y creación de un gradiente osmótico para mejorar la irrigación cerebral.
¿Cómo se puede describir la relación entre el sistema nervioso central y el esqueleto?
-El sistema nervioso central está protegido por el esqueleto, específicamente el cráneo que protege el cerebro y la columna vertebral que protege la médula espinal, cumpliendo una función de soporte y protección.
¿Por qué es importante la corteza cerebral y qué funciones nos permite?
-La corteza cerebral es importante porque es la estructura que nos permite el razonamiento y muchas otras funciones cognitivas, siendo un rasgo distintivo en el reino animal que nos coloca en un nivel jerárquico superior.
Outlines
🧠 Introducción al Sistema Nervioso Central
El primer párrafo presenta un video educativo sobre el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) por Juan José Sánchez en su canal Easy Anatomy. Se menciona que el SNC está compuesto por el cerebro y la médula espinal, y se enfatiza la importancia de entender su estructura y función. Se promueve la exploración de los videos adicionales en el canal para comprender mejor cada parte del SNC. Además, se invita a los espectadores a dejar comentarios si hay algún tema que deseen que se aborde en un video futuro.
🔍 Desarrollo y Estructura del SNC
Este párrafo profundiza en la división del cerebro en tres áreas principales: el cerebro, el diencefalo y el mesencefalo. Se discuten las funciones del cerebro, incluyendo la razón y otras capacidades superiores, y se destaca la importancia del diencefalo y el mesencefalo en la integración y el control de funciones vitales. El mesencefalo se asocia con centros vitales y nuclei de los nervios craneales. Se continúa con la descripción de la médula espinal, su protección ósea y su división en segmentos, incluyendo la cervical, torácica, lumbar y el conus medullaris. Se menciona el papel de la médula espinal en la emisión y recepción de órdenes, así como su conexión con el sistema nervioso autónomo periférico.
🛡 Protección y Función del SNC
El tercer párrafo se centra en la protección que recibe el SNC por medio de las meninges: la dura madre, la arachnoid y la pia madre. Se describe el espacio subaracnoidea, donde circula el líquido cefalorraquídeo, que tiene múltiples funciones, incluyendo amortiguación, nutrición y mejora de la irrigación cerebral. Finalmente, se menciona la importancia de los canales óseos que albergan al SNC, como la cavidad craneal para el cerebro y el conducto vertebral para la médula espinal, enfatizando su rol protector y de soporte estructural.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Sistema Nervioso Central
💡Cerebro
💡Médula Espinal
💡Nervios Craneales
💡Telencefalo
💡Diencefalo
💡Metencefalo
💡Mielenquima
💡Meninges
💡Líquido Cefalorraquídeo
💡Nervios Espinales
Highlights
El sistema nervioso central se compone de dos grandes estructuras: el cerebro y la médula espinal.
El cerebro está dividido en tres áreas principales: el cerebro, el tálamo y la cerebelosa.
El sistema nervioso central es responsable de la difusión y dirección de todas las acciones en el organismo.
Los estímulos periféricos deben ser interpretados por el sistema nervioso central.
El cerebro incluye el telencefalo, que es la parte más voluminosa y caracterizada por la corteza cerebral.
La diencefalon es parte central del cerebro y contiene estructuras importantes como el tálamo y la hipófisis.
El mesencefalo es crucial para los centros vitales y los núcleos de los nervios craneales.
El sistema nervioso central está protegido por los huesos del cráneo y la columna vertebral.
La médula espinal es una extensión del sistema cerebrospinal y está protegida por el conducto vertebral.
La médula espinal contiene segmentos cervical, torácico, lumbar y el cono medular.
Las raíces de los nervios espinales son parte del sistema nervioso periférico y conectan con el sistema nervioso central.
El sistema nervioso central está rodeado por meninges, que ofrecen protección adicional.
El espacio subaracnoideo entre las meninges es donde circula el líquido cefalorraquídeo.
El líquido cefalorraquídeo tiene múltiples funciones, incluyendo amortiguación y nutrición del sistema nervioso central.
El conducto vertebral es parte del canal vertebral y protege la médula espinal.
El canal craneal es la parte superior del conducto craneospinal donde se encuentra el cerebro.
El foramen magnum es la conexión entre el cráneo y la columna vertebral y permite la continuidad del sistema nervioso central.
El canal vertebral es esencial para la protección y soporte de la médula espinal.
Transcripts
Hello! How are you, my dear listeners? Welcome to a new anatomical video on
this channel, Easy Anatomy with Juan José Sánchez. Today I bring you a video about
the generalities of the central nervous system. In previous videos, I talked to you about
the generalities of the nervous system in general, seen in a large way, and now we are going to see two
videos: one is this one about the generalities of the central nervous system and another is the generalities
of the peripheral nervous system. Remember that, as a diagram, this
nervous system was divided into a central nervous system and a peripheral nervous system,
this central nervous system being the object of study in our class today,
which is made up of two large structures. , which are the brain and spinal cord.
So, let's break down what the parts of this brain are and what the
subparts of the spinal cord are. As I told you, we will address the peripheral nervous system
in another video. Needless to say, well, the entire central nervous system
is already described in the channel. You can find all the videos corresponding to this system,
many videos, I don't know how many there are in total, there will be around 25-30 videos in which
we talk about each of the parts in particular in short videos of between 10 and 20 minutes . However
, if there is any video that I have missed, any topic that you think I
should develop, write it in the comments, I always read them and take them into account when
making the videos. So, the central nervous system, made up more
superiorly by the brain and more inferiorly by the spinal cord, is simply the part
of the nervous system that is responsible for diffusion as a director, as an axis, it is the main part that
governs, it is the one that commands all the actions that are going to be carried out in
the organism. Everything that happens in it, from a neurological point of view, depends on an order
given by the central nervous system. Likewise, all stimuli that come peripherally,
that are captured by different receptors, have to be integrated into the central nervous system in order to
be interpreted. Anything that you feel, that you see in your sight, that you feel with
your hand, has to reach the central nervous system so that it can interpret it.
That is, part of giving orders also interprets the orders. So, imagine how
complex and wonderful these two great structures are: brain and spinal cord. Regarding
the brain, I always emphasize to students not to confuse brain with
brain, since the brain is only a part of the brain. The brain is the entire mass that is
housed in the cranial vault and includes many structures. Okay? So, inside the
brain is the cerebrum, but there are also other structures, as we are going to see here in greater
detail. So, broadly speaking, the brain is divided into three large areas: a forebrain,
a midbrain, and a hindbrain. Sometimes students tell me that the forebrain
is, let's say, superior to the middle, and the middle is, like, inferior, that it should be
superior, middle, and inferior brain. But what I always tell you is that this nomenclature, anterior, middle
and posterior, is given from embryological levels and when you see the neurological, neural sheet at a
biological level, if they are arranged in an exhibition one after the other, then, well , the adult now
maintains this same name. This forebrain is also called the famous forebrain.
Or forebrain, this forebrain, for its part, is divided into two large areas,
in a large, very voluminous area which is what we call the brain, which in itself is the telencephalon,
nothing more. So, notice that the telencephalon is just a part of the forebrain,
which in turn is a part of the brain. Okay? The most voluminous part is the most striking,
but only this is what we should give the name brain. Then,
the second central and only part is the diencephalon, which is a central part, not like the telencephalon
where there is one on each side. Now, this diencephalon also has some structures such as the thalamus,
for example, which are structures that we find on both sides. Above,
I want to refer to what is located in the midline. Then, if we continue descending,
we find the midbrain, which is also called the midbrain. It is very important since
this midbrain is where many structures that have to do with
vital centers and also many nuclei of the cranial nerves are found. I forgot to tell you, well, telencephalon,
which is the brain where the gyri and convolutions are located, where the famous
cerebral cortex is located. That is what gives us the highest hierarchical level from the point of view of the
animal kingdom. That we have a cerebral cortex is what gives us the ability to reason, among
many other functions. The diencephalon, for its part, here we will find a set of structures
that are important for integration. We also find important structures of the
endocrine system such as the hypothalamus, such as the pituitary gland, and regulators of certain vital functions
such as thirst, such as the circulatory center, for example, which are in the hypothalamus. Regarding
the hindbrain, well, we call this hindbrain the hindbrain. So,
forebrain forebrain, midbrain midbrain, and hindbrain hindbrain. This
rhombencephalon was in turn subdivided into a more superior portion called the metencephalon, which was formed
by the pons of valor and the cerebellum, and by the myelencephalon, which would be the most inferior part that
is given by the medulla oblongata or medulla oblongata. Ok, then, from this central nervous system,
specifically from this brain, rather, is where the famous cranial nerves originate. These
cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system, but well, they are interconnected
with the central nervous system. Let's now talk about the second portion of this
central nervous system, which is the spinal cord. But first, don't let go of the video.
[Music] Well, subscribe to the channel below where you see that it says subscribe,
you click on it and you are automatically subscribed to the more than 270 videos on it. We had been
talking about the spinal cord, which is the second portion that makes up this
central nervous system. Well, this spinal cord can be defined as the extension of the
brain system, or rather, through the vertebral canal in the center
of the spinal column. It is protected by the spinal canal. Notice that these
structures of the central nervous system have bone protection, that is what is important. So,
this spinal cord, which should not be confused with bone marrow, is made up
of several segments. Look at this diagram, you can see that it is inside the spinal canal and in
a more superior segment there is a dilation called the cervical portion or cervical intumescence because
you see that it makes a bulb, a dilation. Then comes the thoracic segment, also
called the dorsal segment, which is located well in the place where you see the
articulated rib, that is where the thoracic segment is located to the spinal cord. Then, finally,
we would have the lumbar segment whose tip of the lumbar segment is the conus medullaris,
which is like the tip of the spinal cord. This is located roughly between the
L1 and L12 vertebrae said to end the spinal cord. But notice that they continue practically extended downwards
with the name of ponytail, horsetail or equine cape, which would be like the name, say
, in the ink or cinchona or horsetail. So, this equina cape is not the
cord as such with the cord ending in the conus medullaris but the most inferior extension of the
last nerves of the spinal cord. Then, this spinal cord also has central command functions of
both issuing orders and receiving them, apart from the fact that parts of the centers of the
peripheral autonomic nervous system, such as the sympathetic centers and some parasympathetic centers,
are found in the spinal cord. This has a clear importance, not as great as that of
the brain, but it does have a very great importance throughout the
general functions of the organism. What is going to happen to this spinal cord? Going to
some nerves come out that are fast nerves. So the fast nerves as well as the
cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system and it is the way in which the central nervous system connects
to the peripheral one. These spinal nerves are what we commonly see with the names
S1, S2 nerve, S3 nerve, S4 nerve depends on the spinal segment and well there are many videos here
on the channel here I am more or less talking about it in a general way. Now, this
central nervous system is surrounded by membranes, so they are also described in
detail in the channel, but roughly there are three groups of membranes, these membranes are called
the famous meninges, and these meninges are going to be one more external and here we can see it, by the way,
that it is dissected, which is the dura mater. After the dura mater we find an intermediate membrane
called the arachnoid and below the arachnoid is the pia mater. It is important to know that these
meningeal cells, apart from conferring protection to these structures of the central nervous system,
also serve because between them there are spaces such as the subarachnoid space
which is between the arachnoid and the pia mater where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates. This
cerebrospinal fluid, well, a fluid that runs throughout the entire central nervous system, both
outside the spinal cord and outside the brain, and how good it is that it
has cushioning functions, it helps nourish the meningeal glands, It helps create an osmotic gradient
and thereby improves the irrigation of the brain. It has many functions. There is also a video
on the channel about the functional anatomy of this cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, well,
to explain more or less the bone canal. where the central nervous system is located,
notice that this entire area that you see behind is called the posterior cavity and in that
posterior cavity the most superior part is the cranial cavity. Where the brain is, see that it is
very protected by the bones of the cranial vault and see how it continues downward through
a very large hole at the base of the skull called the foramen magnum or foramen occipital and here
it continues with the brain. vertebral canal. That the vertebral canal, well, is, let's say, inside
the spinal column and is where it is called the spinal cord. So, see that the spinal cord is
protected by the vertebral column. Of course, this column has other support functions,
let's say serving as the skeleton and the central axis of the body,
but also a function of protecting the spinal cord. This then was the entire video
of generalities of the central nervous system. I invite you to read the sequence of all the
generalities of the peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system and everything on the channel.
Don't forget to like the video if you liked it and you can search on Instagram at @juan_sanchez1315
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