TITIK PERADABAN - Kejayaan Masa Lalu Keraton Yogyakarta 3-1

Summary

The video explores the rich history and cultural significance of Yogyakarta, focusing on the Yogyakarta Palace and its symbolic role in preserving traditions. It covers the founding of the palace by Prince Mangkubumi in 1755, its strategic location between the sea and mountains, and the city’s layout based on spiritual beliefs. The video delves into architectural elements like the Pal Putih Monument and Kerapyak Stage, emphasizing their symbolic connections to Hindu and Islamic Mataram traditions. It also discusses the unique urban planning of Yogyakarta, with its town square, mosque, and market, which are integral to the city’s identity and philosophy.

Takeaways

• 😀 Yogyakarta’s governance has remained strong over the years, preserving the cultural values of the Yogyakarta Palace.
• 😀 The city of Yogyakarta has endured through time, attracting tourists with its rich arts, culture, and history.
• 😀 Yogyakarta was originally part of the Ngajakarta Hadiningrat Sultanate, founded by Prince Mangkubumi, who became Sultan Hamkubono.
• 😀 The name 'Yogyakarta' means 'invincible' in Sanskrit, which was proclaimed in 1755 when the city was founded.
• 😀 The founding of the Yogyakarta Palace involved spiritual guidance and was located in the Beringan forest, in Pacetoan Village.
• 😀 Yogyakarta's geographical location, between the sea and mountains, has a special significance in Hindu-Buddhist influence, linking it to both the spiritual and physical worlds.
• 😀 The city’s layout is strategic, with steep cliffs helping prevent flooding and the Kalijoda river serving as a vital water source.
• 😀 The Yogyakarta Palace’s design incorporates symbolic elements, such as the Pal Putih monument and the Kerapyak stage, to reflect spiritual beliefs connected to the mountains and the sea.
• 😀 The Pal Putih monument serves as a marker for meditation and is central to the spiritual journey of the king.
• 😀 Yogyakarta’s royal city layout, known as 'catur sagotro,' includes four main components: the palace, the town square, a mosque, and a market.
• 😀 The Yogyakarta town square holds philosophical significance, with the center kept empty as a blank point, in line with Javanese philosophy that avoids building in this space.

Q & A

What is the significance of Yogyakarta's geographical location?

Yogyakarta's strategic location, positioned between the sea and mountains, reflects the spiritual and cultural importance of both elements in Javanese history. The area is designed to avoid flooding and has access to natural water sources, like the Kalijoda river from Mount Merapi.

Who founded the Yogyakarta Sultanate and what is his legacy?

The Yogyakarta Sultanate was founded by Prince Mangkubumi, also known as Sultan Hamkubono. He was a descendant of both the Majapahit and Mataram royal bloodlines, and his reign helped establish Yogyakarta as a cultural and political center, preserving traditional values.

What does the name 'Yogyakarta' mean and why is it significant?

'Yogyakarta' means 'invincible' in Sanskrit. This name was declared by Sultan Hamkubono in 1755, symbolizing the resilience and enduring spirit of the city.

What was the reason for the Yogyakarta palace’s location being chosen?

The location of the Yogyakarta Palace was chosen based on a 'wisik' or divine guidance from Allah. The area was believed to be a holy and prosperous place, situated in a wilderness called Beringan Forest near Pacetoan Village.

How does Yogyakarta's palace layout reflect Javanese spiritual beliefs?

The layout of the Yogyakarta Palace incorporates symbolic elements, such as the Pal Putih monument facing north and the Kerapyak stage facing the southern sea. This design aligns with Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic Mataram beliefs, where mountains represent the gods and the sea represents the king of the ocean.

What is the function of the Kerapyak stage in the Yogyakarta Palace?

The Kerapyak stage, located south of the palace, was traditionally used as a place for the royal family’s exclusive activities, possibly including ceremonial or spiritual practices.

What is the role of the imaginary and philosophical axes in the city’s design?

The imaginary and philosophical axes of Yogyakarta were central to its city planning. The axes align key structures such as the Pal Putih monument, the palace, and the Kerapyak stage, creating a spiritual and physical connection between the mountain and the sea.

How does Yogyakarta’s layout differ from other Javanese kingdoms?

While most Javanese kingdoms followed a similar design, Yogyakarta uniquely features two squares: one in the north and one in the south. These squares, along with the surrounding landmarks, contribute to the city’s distinctive architectural identity.

Why are there no buildings in the center of Yogyakarta's town square?

In Javanese philosophy, the center of the town square is considered a 'blank point,' which has spiritual significance. This concept originates from Hindu architectural traditions, where the central area was left open and not used for buildings.

What is the historical importance of the Yogyakarta Palace in preserving cultural values?

The Yogyakarta Palace plays a crucial role in preserving traditional Javanese cultural values, which are highly respected by the local people. Its design and function reflect the spiritual and social values of the region.