Problem Solving (Intro Psych Tutorial #89)

Summary

In this video, Michael Corayer explores various problem-solving concepts, including mental set and functional fixedness. He explains how we often rely on past solutions, even when they may not be applicable to new problems, such as using a computer restart for every issue. Corayer also contrasts convergent thinking, where all approaches lead to a single solution, with divergent thinking, which encourages creative, multiple, and unrelated solutions. By understanding these cognitive processes, viewers gain insight into the balance between using established methods and exploring creative alternatives in problem-solving.

Takeaways

• 😀 Memory plays a key role in problem solving, as we often rely on past solutions to solve new problems.
• 😀 Mental set refers to the tendency to use familiar problem-solving approaches, even when they may not be the best solution for a new issue.
• 😀 An example of mental set is trying to fix a computer problem by restarting it, even when that solution may not be effective for the current issue.
• 😀 Functional fixedness is the idea that we tend to use tools only for their intended purpose, which can limit creative problem-solving.
• 😀 An example of functional fixedness is overlooking the use of a wrench as a hammer when trying to hang a picture, simply because we're fixed on how tools are traditionally used.
• 😀 Functional fixedness is not always a mistake; it often helps preserve the intended function of tools, preventing damage.
• 😀 Convergent thinking involves finding a single solution to a problem, where all steps or approaches converge on one outcome.
• 😀 Divergent thinking, in contrast, involves generating multiple unrelated solutions to a problem, fostering creativity and innovation.
• 😀 Divergent thinking allows for more creative problem-solving, as it encourages brainstorming various, often unrelated, solutions.
• 😀 Both convergent and divergent thinking are valuable; convergent thinking works well for problems with a single correct answer, while divergent thinking is ideal for creative challenges.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?

The main topic of the video script is problem-solving, including concepts like mental set, functional fixedness, and the differences between convergent and divergent thinking.

How does the video explain how we solve problems?

The video explains that sometimes we don't need to solve a problem actively; instead, we rely on memory to recall solutions we've learned in the past. For example, solving simple arithmetic problems like 2 + 2.

What is a mental set and how does it affect problem-solving?

A mental set refers to using the same problem-solving approach that worked in the past, even if it may not be effective for the current problem. This can lead to ineffective solutions, like always restarting a computer for new problems, even if that doesn't work.

Can mental set be a problem in all cases?

Mental set can be problematic when old solutions don't apply to new problems. However, it can also be useful as it provides a quick, familiar method to approach problems, even if the solution may not always work.

What is functional fixedness?

Functional fixedness is the tendency to perceive a tool as having only one fixed function, which can limit creativity in solving problems. For example, thinking that a wrench can only be used for its intended purpose and not considering using it to hammer a nail.

Why is functional fixedness not always a problem?

Functional fixedness is not always a problem because it helps preserve the integrity and intended use of tools. For example, using a hammer as a paperweight might work, but it could damage the hammer's ability to perform its primary function effectively.

What is the difference between convergent and divergent thinking?

Convergent thinking focuses on finding a single correct solution to a problem, where all steps lead to one answer. Divergent thinking, on the other hand, generates multiple, often unrelated, solutions to a problem, fostering creativity and exploration of various possibilities.

Can you give an example of convergent thinking?

An example of convergent thinking is solving an algebraic equation, where the goal is to find the value of 'X', and each step taken in solving the equation is aimed at determining this one solution.

Can you provide an example of divergent thinking?

An example of divergent thinking is coming up with multiple uses for a hammer beyond its intended purpose, like using it as a paperweight, to prop a door open, or even as a weapon.

Why is divergent thinking considered more creative than convergent thinking?

Divergent thinking is considered more creative because it encourages exploring multiple possible solutions, even unrelated ones, rather than focusing on a single correct answer. It involves thinking outside the box and exploring new, creative uses or ideas.