Struktur Atom : Konfigurasi Elektron 2 8 dst

Summary

This video explains the concept of electron configuration, detailing how electrons are arranged in atomic shells. It describes the maximum number of electrons each shell can hold (K: 2, L: 8, M: 18, N: 32, O: 50) and the rules for filling shells. The video walks through examples with elements like Tin (Sn), Rubidium (Rb), Calcium (Ca), and Chlorine (Cl), illustrating how to distribute electrons across shells based on their number. It also covers how to determine the valence electrons and the number of shells used, providing viewers with a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Takeaways

• 😀 Electron configuration describes how electrons are arranged in an atom's shells.
• 😀 The 2, 8, … configuration is mainly for Group A (main group) elements, while SPDF configuration applies to all elements.
• 😀 Each atomic shell has a maximum number of electrons: K=2, L=8, M=18, N=32, O=50.
• 😀 Electrons are filled into shells starting from the innermost shell, up to the shell's maximum capacity.
• 😀 Remaining electrons are distributed according to rules: >32 → fill 32, <32 → fill 18, <18 → fill 8, <8 → place all remaining electrons.
• 😀 Valence electrons are the electrons in the last occupied shell of an atom.
• 😀 Tin (Sn, 50 electrons) has its electrons distributed as K=2, L=8, M=18, N=18, O=4 with 4 valence electrons.
• 😀 Rubidium (Rb, 37 electrons) has shells filled as K=2, L=8, M=18, N=8, O=1 with 1 valence electron.
• 😀 Calcium (Ca, 20 electrons) fills shells as K=2, L=8, M=8, N=2 with 2 valence electrons.
• 😀 Chlorine (Cl, 17 electrons) fills shells as K=2, L=8, M=7 with 7 valence electrons.
• 😀 Counting the number of shells used helps determine an element's shell structure: Tin and Rubidium use 5 shells, Calcium uses 4, Chlorine uses 3.

Q & A

What is electron configuration?

Electron configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom's atomic shells. Each shell can hold a maximum number of electrons, and the configuration determines how electrons are distributed across these shells.

What is the difference between the '28' configuration and the 'spdf' configuration?

The '28' configuration is a simplified electron configuration rule used for main group elements (group A elements) in the periodic table, while the 'spdf' configuration applies to all elements, including both group A and group B elements.

What are the maximum numbers of electrons that can be placed in shells K, L, M, N, and O?

The maximum number of electrons in each shell is as follows: K shell can hold 2 electrons, L shell can hold 8 electrons, M shell can hold 18 electrons, N shell can hold 32 electrons, and O shell can hold up to 50 electrons.

How do we fill the electron shells with electrons?

The filling process starts by placing electrons in the shells up to their maximum capacity. If there are remaining electrons after a shell is filled, the next shell is filled according to the following rule: if remaining electrons are more than 32, fill the next shell with 32 electrons; if less than 32, fill with 18; if less than 18, fill with 8; and if less than 8, place all remaining electrons in the next shell.

In the case of tin (Sn) with 50 electrons, how are the electron shells filled?

For tin, we start by filling the shells in this order: 2 electrons in shell K, 8 electrons in shell L, 18 electrons in shell M, and 32 electrons in shell N. After filling the N shell with 32, there are 4 remaining electrons, which are placed in the next shell.

How are the shells filled for rubidium (Rb) with 37 electrons?

For rubidium, the first shells are filled as follows: 2 electrons in K, 8 electrons in L, 18 electrons in M. After these, we have 9 electrons left, which are placed in shell N. Finally, there’s 1 electron remaining that is placed in the next shell.

How does the electron configuration work for calcium (Ca) with 20 electrons?

For calcium, we begin by filling shell K with 2 electrons, shell L with 8 electrons, and shell M with 10 electrons. After this, there are no more electrons left for shell N.

How do we determine the valence electrons of an atom?

The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell. For example, in the case of calcium (Ca) with 20 electrons, the valence electron is 2. For chlorine (Cl) with 17 electrons, the valence electron is 7.

What is meant by 'shell usage' in an atom's electron configuration?

The number of shells used refers to the number of electron shells that are occupied with electrons. For example, tin (Sn) uses 5 shells, while calcium (Ca) uses only 4 shells.

How many shells are used by chlorine (Cl) in its electron configuration?

Chlorine (Cl) uses 3 shells in its electron configuration. The shells are filled as follows: 2 electrons in K, 8 electrons in L, and 7 electrons in M.