Materi GEGURITAN kelas XI SMA Basa Jawa

Summary

The transcript delves into the evolution of Javanese literature, examining the influence of Islam, Western modernization, and the impact of colonialism on local poetic forms. It explores traditional and modern genres like 'geguritan,' comparing old and new styles. The discussion includes the characteristics of Javanese poetry, such as structure, rhyme, and syllabic rules. The speaker also highlights the cultural shift toward individuality in literature, using examples like 'Siti Nurbaya' to showcase changing views on gender roles and societal expectations. The lecture ends with a focus on the flexibility and evolving nature of Javanese poetic forms.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses Javanese literature, specifically focusing on traditional forms like 'kidung' and modern forms such as 'geguritan'.
• 😀 'Kidung' is a traditional Javanese poetic form, with examples like 'Sritanjung' and 'Dewo Ruci' being mentioned as cultural landmarks.
• 😀 The influence of Islam on Javanese literature is highlighted, with a shift towards Islamic themes in the Middle Javanese period, such as stories of prophets.
• 😀 Modern Javanese literature shows the influence of Western ideas, especially after the introduction of printing and the emergence of books like 'Siti Nurbaya'.
• 😀 'Geguritan' is a term for Javanese poetry, and it has evolved, with distinctions made between 'geguritan gagrak lawas' (old) and 'geguritan gagrak anyar' (new).
• 😀 'Geguritan gagrak lawas' features specific rhythmic structures, with lines made up of syllables following particular patterns (e.g., 7-7-7-7 syllables).
• 😀 Modern Javanese poetry (‘geguritan gagrak anyar’) is less bound by traditional rules and allows for more flexibility in structure and syllable count.
• 😀 The content of 'geguritan' often conveys moral lessons, with themes like proper behavior (Toto Kromo) and societal values, including respect for elders.
• 😀 Western influences are seen in modern Javanese works that explore individual freedom, especially in the context of gender roles and women's independence.
• 😀 The script also touches on the importance of maintaining Javanese language and literary traditions, despite the changes brought by outside influences like Islam and colonialism.
• 😀 The closing remarks include a reference to writing and sharing personal reflections in the form of 'geguritan' and encouraging a sense of cultural pride and continuity.

Q & A

What is the significance of 'geguritan' in Javanese literature?

'Geguritan' refers to Javanese poetry, which is a significant form of literary expression in the region. It encompasses traditional and modern styles, playing an important role in cultural and religious practices, especially in relation to Islam and Javanese heritage.

How has Javanese literature been influenced by Islam?

Islamic influence on Javanese literature is evident in the shift towards Islamic themes, such as stories of prophets and religious teachings. For example, the stories of Prophet Yusuf and other religious texts were adapted into Javanese literature using Arabic Pegon script.

What role did Western influence play in the development of modern Javanese literature?

Western influence, especially from colonial powers, introduced new literary forms and ideas. Modern Javanese literature began incorporating Western thoughts, which is visible in the adoption of printed books and narratives that reflect colonial and modern themes, such as individualism and gender roles, as seen in works like 'Siti Nurbaya.'

What is the difference between 'geguritan gagrak lawas' and 'geguritan gagrak anyar'?

'Geguritan gagrak lawas' refers to traditional Javanese poetry, which follows specific syllabic and rhythmic rules, often emphasizing spiritual or cultural teachings. 'Geguritan gagrak anyar,' on the other hand, is modern Javanese poetry, which is more flexible and less bound by traditional rules, reflecting contemporary themes and ideas.

What are the structural characteristics of 'geguritan gagrak lawas'?

'Geguritan gagrak lawas' follows specific syllabic patterns, with each stanza having a fixed number of syllables and maintaining rhyme consistency. Each line (known as 'gotro') in the stanza ends with a particular rhyme, such as 'a-a-a-a.'

How does 'geguritan' differ from other forms of Javanese literature like 'cerkak' and 'novel'?

'Geguritan' is poetry, distinguished by its rhythmic and syllabic structure. In contrast, 'cerkak' (short stories) and 'novel' are prose forms. While poetry in 'geguritan' is deeply rooted in culture and tradition, prose works tend to explore more varied and modern themes.

What is the role of 'Toto Kromo' in Javanese poetry?

'Toto Kromo' refers to the Javanese code of manners, which influences the language used in poetry. This code governs the formality of speech, and poems often follow this etiquette to reflect respect and hierarchy, especially in traditional poetry forms.

How does modern Javanese literature incorporate Western ideas?

Modern Javanese literature began to incorporate Western ideas after the introduction of printing presses and colonial exposure. Themes of individualism, modern social issues, and the influence of Western thought on gender roles and family structures became evident in works from this period.

Why is the Arabic Pegon script used in some Javanese literature?

The Arabic Pegon script was adopted in Javanese literature to accommodate Islamic themes, as it allowed the integration of Arabic and Islamic terms into Javanese texts, making religious stories and teachings more accessible to the Javanese-speaking community.

What is the importance of 'sastra Jowo' in the context of Javanese literature?

'Sastra Jowo' refers to the literary works in Javanese, and it plays a critical role in preserving the cultural and spiritual heritage of Java. The development of Javanese literature, particularly through 'geguritan,' is a key aspect of the region's identity and reflects its historical, religious, and social evolution.