Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada hewan - Indeterminate & determinate pada hewan Biologi tv kelas 12

Summary

This video explains the concepts of growth and development in animals, highlighting key differences. Growth is the measurable increase in size, while development is a process towards maturity, involving changes in physical characteristics, body functions, and abilities. The causes of growth and development are linked to cell division/enlargement and cell differentiation, respectively. The video also covers the concepts of determined and indeterminate growth, with examples from humans and animals like fish and planarian worms. It emphasizes that while growth is irreversible, development can be both reversible and irreversible in certain contexts.

Takeaways

• 😀 Growth in animals refers to the increase in size (e.g., height, weight), which can be measured quantitatively.
• 😀 Development in animals is the process of becoming an adult, marked by physical changes, maturation of body functions, and increased abilities.
• 😀 Growth is caused by cell division and enlargement, such as the division of cartilage in the epiphyseal disc of bones.
• 😀 Development is caused by cell differentiation, where cells specialize into specific types, like muscle or nerve cells.
• 😀 Growth is irreversible, meaning once an animal reaches its adult size, it cannot shrink back to its earlier state.
• 😀 Development can be irreversible (e.g., differentiated cells cannot return to their original state), but some species (like planarian worms) can regenerate and exhibit reversible development.
• 😀 The difference between growth and development can be seen in the nature of the change: growth is about size, development is about maturity.
• 😀 Quantitative changes, like weight and height, are examples of growth, while qualitative changes, like the ability to speak or perform tasks, represent development.
• 😀 Determined growth occurs in species like humans, where growth stops at a certain age, while indeterminate growth allows continuous growth throughout life, like in some fish.
• 😀 Indeterminate growth does not mean infinite growth; it depends on environmental factors like nutrition that influence the size an organism can attain.
• 😀 Understanding the distinction between growth and development in animals is crucial for studying biology and understanding how animals mature.

Q & A

What is the difference between growth and development in animals?

Growth in animals is characterized by an increase in size, such as height or weight. Development, on the other hand, refers to the process of maturing and becoming an adult, marked by changes in physical characteristics, maturation of body functions, and increased abilities.

How can growth and development be distinguished based on changes in size?

Growth involves quantitative changes, such as measurable increases in height or weight. Development, however, involves qualitative changes that cannot be measured in quantity, like the improvement of abilities, such as speaking or motor skills.

What causes growth in animals?

Growth in animals is caused by cell division and enlargement. For example, the epiphyseal disc in bones contains cartilage that actively divides, leading to longer bones and increased height.

What causes development in animals?

Development is caused by cell differentiation, where undifferentiated cells specialize into different types, such as muscle cells or nerve cells, enabling the body to perform specific functions.

How does growth differ from development in terms of reversibility?

Growth is irreversible; once an animal reaches a certain size, it cannot return to its original form. Development can also be irreversible, as differentiated cells cannot return to their original state. However, in some animals, like planarian worms, development can be reversible due to regeneration.

What is the significance of cell differentiation in development?

Cell differentiation plays a crucial role in development by allowing cells to specialize into specific types with distinct functions, like muscle or nerve cells, which are essential for the organism's maturity and ability to perform specific tasks.

What is the difference between determined and indeterminate growth in animals?

Determined growth means growth will stop at a certain age and size, like in humans. Indeterminate growth means the organism has the potential to continue growing throughout its life, as seen in fish, although the growth is influenced by factors like nutrition.

Can animals with indeterminate growth keep growing indefinitely?

No, animals with indeterminate growth have the potential to grow throughout their lives, but their growth is limited by environmental factors such as nutrition and other resources.

How does cell division contribute to the growth of bones in humans?

In humans, the epiphyseal disc in bones contains cartilage that actively divides, leading to an increase in bone length and contributing to height growth. As individuals mature, this disc ossifies and stops growing.

Why is development in animals sometimes reversible, as seen in planarian worms?

Development in animals can be reversible in certain cases due to regenerative abilities, as seen in planarian worms. If the worm's body is cut, the separated parts can regenerate and develop into new individuals.