How The United States Won The Wild West

This Is History
14 Aug 202320:41

Summary

TLDRDieses Script erzählt die Geschichte der westlichen Expansion der Vereinigten Staaten, beginnend mit der Bevölkerung von 5,3 Millionen im Jahr 1800 bis hin zu über 330 Millionen heute. Es beschreibt die frühen Siedler, die Erweiterung nach der Unabhängigkeit, die Louisiana Purchase, die Expedition von Lewis und Clark, das Manifest Destiny, die Goldräuber von 1849, die Eisenbahnen und die Herausforderungen durch die Native American-Beziehungen, bis hin zur endgültigen Zähmung des Westens und der Schaffung der modernen USA.

Takeaways

  • 🌏 Die heutige Bevölkerung der USA beträgt etwas über 330 Millionen Menschen, wobei die Mehrheit im Osten des Landes lebt, was auf Jahrhunderte europäischer Siedlermigration zurückzuführen ist.
  • 🏙️ Im Jahr 1800 lebten nur 5,3 Millionen Amerikaner in 16 Staaten, während das westlich der Appalachen ein unerforschtenes Gebiet mit zahlreichen einheimischen Stämmen war.
  • 📜 Der Vertrag von Paris von 1783 legte die Grenzen der jungen Republik fest und schloss ein großes Gebiet bis zum Mississippi ein, das fast unerforscht blieb.
  • 🚶‍♂️ Abenteurer wie Daniel Boone erschlossen Pionierwege und gründeten Siedlungen im Westen, was für zukünftige Expansionen eine Vorlage lieferte.
  • 🇺🇸 Das Nordwest-Territorialverordnung von 1787 etablierte das erste organisierte Territorium der USA und förderte die Besiedlung des Landes.
  • 📈 Der Louisiana Purchase von 1803 ermöglichte die Erweiterung der USA um ein riesiges Gebiet bis zu den Rocky Mountains.
  • 🗺️ Die Expedition von Lewis und Clark, die das neu erworbene Territorium kartierte, inspirierte das Konzept des 'Manifest Destiny', das die westliche Expansion der USA prägte.
  • 🏘️ Die Entwicklung von Siedlungen entlang des südlichen Ufer des Großen Lakes und jenseits des Mississippi im 19. Jahrhundert ging Hand in Hand mit der Errichtung von Handelsposten und Pionierpfaden.
  • 🏞️ Die Regierung der USA unterzeichnete viele Verträge mit einheimischen Nationen, die jedoch durch das Indian Removal Act von 1830 und die Folgen des Trail of Tears infrage gestellt wurden.
  • 🛤️ Die Goldräder von 1849 und die darauf folgenden Erkundungen und Entdeckungen von Edelmetallen führten zu einer massiven Zuwanderung in den Westen und der Entstehung von Boomtowns.
  • 🚂 Die Fertigstellung der Transkontinentalen Eisenbahn im Jahr 1869 verkürzte die Reisezeit zwischen den Küsten und förderte die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des Westens.
  • 🏞️ Die Regierung förderte die Besiedlung des Westens durch das Homestead Act von 1862, das billige Land für die Landwirtschaft anbot.
  • 🌐 Die Expansion der USA umfasste auch das Anschaffen von Alaska von Russland 1867 und die Annexion von Hawaii im Jahr 1898.
  • 🏛️ Das 20. Jahrhundert sah die endgültige Zähmung des amerikanischen Westens und die Umwandlung der verbleibenden Territorien in Bundesstaaten.

Q & A

  • Wie hoch ist die Bevölkerung der Vereinigten Staaten heute?

    -Die Bevölkerung der Vereinigten Staaten beträgt heute etwas mehr als 330 Millionen Menschen.

  • Wo wohnen die meisten US-Amerikaner?

    -Die Mehrheit der US-Amerikaner lebt in Siedlungen, die sich im östlichen Teil des Landes befinden.

  • Was war der Grund für die geografische Verteilung der Bevölkerung in den frühen Jahren der USA?

    -Die Verteilung der Bevölkerung wurde maßgeblich durch die Migration vorwiegend europäischer Siedler geprägt, die sich entlang der Ostküste niederließen.

  • Wie sah die Bevölkerungsdichte der USA im Jahr 1800 aus?

    -Im Jahr 1800 lebten nur 5,3 Millionen Amerikaner in 16 Staaten, die von der Atlantikküste bis zu den Appalachen reichten.

  • Wer war Daniel Boone und welche Rolle spielte er bei der Erweiterung des Westens?

    -Daniel Boone war ein Pionier, der in den späten 1760er Jahren in das unbekannte Land vordrang und den Cumberland Gap für Pioniere zugänglicher machte. Er gründete die Siedlung Boonsboro, was den Vorläufer für die zukünftige westliche Expansion war.

  • Was war das Northwest Ordinance von 1787 und welche Bedeutung hatte es?

    -Das Northwest Ordinance war ein Gesetz, das das erste organisierte Territorium der neuen Nation etablierte und die Grundlage für die westliche Expansion legte.

  • Was war die Louisiana Purchase und welche Folgen hatte sie?

    -Die Louisiana Purchase war ein Vertrag von 1803, bei dem Frankreich dem United States ein großes Gebiet in Nordamerika abtrat. Diese Erweiterung führte zu einer Zunahme der westlichen Expansion und dem Konzept des Manifest Destiny.

  • Wer waren Meriwether Lewis und William Clark und was unternahmen sie?

    -Meriwether Lewis und William Clark waren Führer einer wissenschaftlichen Expedition, die von der Regierung von Präsident Thomas Jefferson in Auftrag gegeben wurde, um das nach der Louisiana Purchase erworbene Gebiet zu erkunden und zu kartographieren.

  • Was ist der Indian Removal Act von 1830 und welche Auswirkungen hatte er?

    -Der Indian Removal Act war ein Gesetz, das die vorherigen Verträge mit den einheimischen Völkern kippte und fünf Stämme, darunter die Cherokee, dazu verpflichtete, ihr Land aufzugeben und westlich des Mississippi zu ziehen, was als Trail of Tears bekannt ist.

  • Was war der Grund für die rapide Zunahme der Siedler im Westen in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts?

    -Die rapide Zunahme der Siedler im Westen war auf zwei Ereignisse zurückzuführen: den Krieg gegen Mexiko, der das Land für die USA erweiterte, und dem Goldrausch in Kalifornien, der Tausende von Menschen anlockte.

  • Was war die Transcontinental Railroad und welche Rolle spielte sie bei der Expansion?

    -Die Transcontinental Railroad war eine Eisenbahn, die den Atlantik und den Pazifik verband und eine der wichtigsten Entwicklungen zur Erleichterung der Reise und Kommunikation im Westen war. Ihr Abschluss im Jahr 1869 verkürzte die Reisezeit zwischen den Küsten erheblich.

Outlines

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🌏 Die frühen Tage der USA und der Westward-Expansion

Dieser Absatz beschreibt die geografische und historische Entwicklung der USA. Anfangs im Jahr 1800 lebten nur 5,3 Millionen Menschen in 16 atlantikbordereden Staaten, während die westlichen Regionen von einheimischen Stämmen bewohnt wurden. Die USA begannen nach der Unabhängigkeit von Großbritannien im späten 18. Jahrhundert zu expandieren, was durch den Louisiana Purchase 1803 und die Expedition von Lewis und Clark beschleunigt wurde. Diese Ereignisse prägten das Konzept des 'Manifest Destiny', das die Bestrebungen der Amerikaner in der 19. Jahrhunderts definierte.

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🏞️ Die Eroberung des Westens und die Folgen für die einheimischen Völker

Der zweite Absatz konzentriert sich auf die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Aspekte der Westexpansion. Frühe Pionierarbeit, wie das von Daniel Boone, wurde durch Gesetzgebung wie das Northwest Ordinance gefördert. Die Eroberung des Westens führte jedoch zu Spannungen mit den einheimischen Völkern, die durch den Indian Removal Act 1830 verschärft wurden. Dies resultierte in der Vertreibung vieler Stämme, darunter die Cherokee, auf den sogenannten 'Trail of Tears'.

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🚂 Die Entwicklung des Westens durch Goldrausch und Eisenbahnen

In diesem Absatz wird die Beschleunigung der Westexpansion im 19. Jahrhundert durch Ereignisse wie den Goldrausch in Kalifornien und den Bau der Transkontinentalen Eisenbahn dargestellt. Die Goldfunde zogen Hunderttausende von Menschen an, während der Eisenbahnbau die Verbindung zwischen Ost- und Westküste erleichterte und die wirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten des Westens erweiterte.

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🤠 Die Diversität der Siedler und die Herausforderungen des Westens

Der vierte Absatz beleuchtet die unterschiedlichen Motive und die Vielfalt der Menschen, die nach Westen zogen, einschließlich der Mormonen in Utah und der Afrikan裔 amerikanischen Cowboys. Es diskutiert auch die Herausforderungen, die mit der Expansion verbunden waren, wie das Mangel an Gesetz und Ordnung, was zu einer Welle von Verbrechen und der Notwendigkeit von Lawmen führte, um die Ordnung aufrechtzuerhalten.

20:05

🏙️ Die Schließung des Frontiers und die Urbanisierung des Westens

Der letzte Absatz beschreibt die Schließung des amerikanischen Frontiers und die Urbanisierung, die mit der Einbindung der letzten Territorien als Staaten einherging. Die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Veränderungen führten zu einer Verschiebung der Fokus von der Eroberung neuer Gebiete hin zur Entwicklung der Städte und der Nation als Ganzes. Die Geschichte des Westens endet damit, als die USA auf ihrem Weg zur Supermacht stehen.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Westwärts-Expansion

Die Westwärts-Expansion bezieht sich auf die Bewegung amerikanischer Siedler nach Westen über das nordamerikanische Kontinent hinweg. Diese Expansion begann nach der Unabhängigkeit der Vereinigten Staaten von Großbritannien und wurde durch Ereignisse wie den Louisiana Purchase und die Goldrauschbewegungen verstärkt. Ein Beispiel aus dem Skript ist der Louisiana Purchase von 1803, der eine große Landmasse in den USA integrierte und die Erforschung und Besiedlung des Westens ermöglichte.

💡Louisiana Purchase

Der Louisiana Purchase war ein Landkauf zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten und Frankreich im Jahr 1803, bei dem die USA ein großes Gebiet westlich des Mississippi River erwarben. Dieser Kauf verdoppelte die Größe der USA und ermöglichte die Erkundung und Besiedlung des Westens. Im Skript wird erwähnt, dass Präsident Jefferson eine Expedition beauftragte, um das neu erworbene Gebiet zu kartografieren und zu erforschen.

💡Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny ist die Überzeugung, dass die Vereinigten Staaten dazu bestimmt waren, sich über den gesamten nordamerikanischen Kontinent auszudehnen. Dieser Gedanke beeinflusste die Politik und die Expansion des 19. Jahrhunderts erheblich. Im Skript wird beschrieben, wie diese Idee die amerikanische Psyche prägte und die Bemühungen zur Besiedlung des Westens vorantrieb.

💡Indian Removal Act

Der Indian Removal Act von 1830 war ein Gesetz, das die Umsiedlung von Native American Stämmen aus ihren angestammten Gebieten östlich des Mississippi River in Reservate im Westen anordnete. Dies führte zu der erzwungenen Umsiedlung, bekannt als der Trail of Tears, bei dem viele Ureinwohner unter schrecklichen Bedingungen litten. Im Skript wird beschrieben, wie dieses Gesetz zur Vertreibung und dem Leid der fünf zivilisierten Stämme führte.

💡Goldrausch

Der Goldrausch bezieht sich auf die Massenmigration von Menschen in Gebiete, in denen Gold entdeckt wurde, in der Hoffnung, Reichtum zu erlangen. Der Kalifornische Goldrausch von 1849 wird im Skript als Beispiel genannt, bei dem Zehntausende nach Kalifornien strömten, was zur raschen Besiedlung und zum wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung der Region führte.

💡Transkontinentale Eisenbahn

Die Transkontinentale Eisenbahn war eine Eisenbahnstrecke, die die Ost- und Westküste der USA verband und 1869 fertiggestellt wurde. Diese Eisenbahn reduzierte die Reisezeit erheblich und förderte die Besiedlung und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des Westens. Im Skript wird beschrieben, wie der Bau der Eisenbahn trotz des Bürgerkriegs voranschritt und letztlich das Land vereinte.

💡Native American Konflikte

Die Konflikte zwischen Native American Stämmen und amerikanischen Siedlern/Militär waren häufig und gewalttätig, da die USA versuchten, westliche Gebiete zu besiedeln. Beispiele aus dem Skript sind der Great Sioux War von 1876 und die Apache Wars der 1880er Jahre, bei denen Native American Führer wie Sitting Bull und Geronimo Widerstand leisteten.

💡Pioniere

Pioniere waren die ersten Siedler, die sich in unbekannten und unerschlossenen Gebieten niederließen, um neues Land zu kultivieren und zu besiedeln. Personen wie Daniel Boone, die den Cumberland Gap passierbar machten, werden im Skript erwähnt und haben zur frühen Besiedlung des Westens beigetragen.

💡Homestead Act

Der Homestead Act von 1862 bot Siedlern Land zu günstigen Preisen an, um die Besiedlung des Westens zu fördern. Dies ermöglichte vielen Menschen, sich Land zu sichern und neue Farmen zu gründen. Im Skript wird beschrieben, wie diese Maßnahmen dazu beitrugen, den Westen zu besiedeln und wirtschaftlich zu entwickeln.

💡Frontiersmen

Frontiersmen waren frühe Siedler und Entdecker, die die westlichen Grenzregionen der USA erkundeten und bewohnten. Männer wie Hugh Glass und Jim Bridger, die als Trapper und Pelzjäger arbeiteten, sind Beispiele aus dem Skript, die das Terrain und die Wasserwege des Westens erforschten und zur Besiedlung beitrugen.

Highlights

Die heutige Bevölkerung der Vereinigten Staaten beträgt etwas über 330 Millionen Menschen, wobei die Mehrheit in Siedlungen im östlichen Teil des Landes lebt.

Vor zwei Jahrhunderten lebten nur 5,3 Millionen Amerikaner in 16 Staaten, die von der Ostküste bis zu den Appalachen reichten.

Die Vereinigten Staaten begannen fast unmittelbar nach der Unabhängigkeit von Großbritannien im späten 18. Jahrhundert mit der Erweiterung nach Westen.

Der Vertrag von Paris von 1783 etablierte die Grenzen der neuen Republik, einschließlich eines großen Landes bis zum Mississippi.

Daniel Boone machte den Cumberland Gap zugänglicher für Pioniere und gründete die Siedlung Boonsboro in Kentucky im Jahr 1775.

Das Northwest Ordinance von 1787 etablierte das erste organisierte Gebiet der Vereinigten Staaten.

Zwei neue Staaten, Kentucky und Tennessee, wurden im letzten Jahrzehnt des 18. Jahrhunderts der Union beigetreten.

1803 veräußerte Frankreich im Rahmen des Louisiana Purchase große Landgebiete in Nordamerika an die Vereinigten Staaten.

Die Expedition von Lewis und Clark, die 1803 ins Leben gerufen wurde, kartographierte das neu erworbene Territorium und erreichte 1805 den Pazifik.

Der Begriff 'Manifest Destiny' begann, die Bemühungen der Amerikaner im 19. Jahrhundert zu definieren, um nach Westen vorzudringen.

Die Siedlung begann im Süden der Großen Seen in den 1810er und 1820er Jahren, und Chicago wurde 1833 gegründet.

Die Regierung unter Präsident Andrew Jackson verabschiedete 1830 das Indian Removal Act, das viele indigene Völker West des Mississippi zwang, ihre Heimat zu verlassen.

Der Goldrausch in Kalifornien im Jahr 1849 lockte Hunderte Tausend Menschen nach Westen und beeinflusste die Demografie der Region erheblich.

Die Eisenbahnerweiterung nach dem Bürgerkrieg begann und die erste transkontinentale Eisenbahn wurde 1869 in Utah vervollständigt.

Der Homestead Act von 1862 bot landesbesitz für wenige Cents pro Acre an, um die Siedlung des Westens zu fördern.

Die Expansion nach Westen führte zu einer Vielzahl von Gold-, Silber- und Ölfunden, die Boomtowns wie Deadwood und Tombstone hervorriefen.

Die Regierung kaufte 1867 Alaska von Russland, und der Yukon Goldrausch in der Nähe Kanadas brachte die erste Welle der Siedlung nach Alaska.

Die Vereinigten Staaten erwarben 1898 die Hawaii-Inseln und begannen damit, ihre territoriale Ausdehnung zu beenden.

Das 20. Jahrhundert sah die Schließung der Grenzen der Vereinigten Staaten und die Transformation des amerikanischen Westens in eine urbane, entwickelte Region.

Transcripts

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the United States today has a population

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of just over 330 million people with the

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majority of these living within

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settlements that lie within the eastern

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half of the country

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this is a long-standing impact of

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centuries of predominantly European

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settlers migrating across the Atlantic

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Ocean and establishing themselves in new

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towns and cities along the Eastern

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seaboard

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comparatively much fewer settlements

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exist in the western Harbor of the

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nation with the only notable exception

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being the coastal communities clinging

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to the Pacific Shoreline from California

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in the South to Washington state in the

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North

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however little over two centuries ago in

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the year 1800 the population density of

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the United States looked markedly

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different

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back then only 5.3 million Americans

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lived in 16 states that were bordered by

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the Atlantic Ocean to the East and the

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Appalachian Mountains of the West

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beyond that a vast Uncharted Wilderness

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of grassland Plains snow-capped

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mountains and arid deserts which were

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inhabited by thousands of native tribes

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who had called this land their home for

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millennia

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in a matter of just a handful of decades

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this entire region would be opened up

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and explored by prospective white

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settlers coming from the East yearning

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for a chance to better themselves in

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this new land of opportunity

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this is how the United States expanded

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westwards

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the expansion of the United States began

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almost immediately following the

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attainment of independence from Britain

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in the late 18th century

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the Treaty of Paris of 1783 formally

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acknowledged the newly created Republic

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and established its borders largely

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based on what had been inherited from

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the previously British 13 colonies but

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now also included a vast tract of land

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stretching westwards to the Mississippi

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River

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which had hardly been seen by any

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American except for a few Hardy

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frontiersmen

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one such figure was Daniel Boone who in

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the late 1760s ventured out into this

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hitherto unknown land

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Boone was aware of the Cumberland Gap a

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pass through the mountains which had

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been long used by the native peoples to

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cross the Appalachians

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he made the pass more accessible to

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pioneers and later established

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settlement of Boonsboro in what is now

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Kentucky in 1775.

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setting the president for future western

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expansion

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these tentative Explorations by

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frontiersmen such as Boone were made

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easier in 1787 when the Northwest

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Ordinance was enacted by Congress

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this established the new nation's first

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ever organized Incorporated territory

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which stretched from the great lakes in

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the North to the Ohio river in the South

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and the Mississippi River in the west to

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Pennsylvania in the east

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in the last decade of the 18th century a

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slow steady trickle of settlers made

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their way Westward into these newly

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established parts of the country so much

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so that two new states were formally

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admitted to the union with Kentucky

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joining in 1792 and Tennessee in 1796.

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despite the Endeavors of these early

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Pioneers a greater more concerted effort

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would be needed by the United States as

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a whole if it was to expand more

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thoroughly beyond the natural confines

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of the Appalachians

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in 1803 as Europe was bracing itself for

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the coming Napoleonic Wars France

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decided to sell its vast Colonial land

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Holdings in North America to the United

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States

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this was completed for 15 million

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dollars under the terms of the Louisiana

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Purchase and included an immense swade

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of land from the Western Bank to the

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Mississippi River all the way to the

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high peaks of the Rocky Mountains

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the following year president Thomas

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Jefferson's administration commissioned

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a scientific and cartographic expedition

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to explore and map the newly acquired

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territory

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Meriwether Lewis and William Clark along

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with 40 companions journeyed across the

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Louisiana Territory and reached the

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Pacific Ocean in 1805.

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this accomplishment quickly sparked an

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idea in the American psyche that their

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Nation would one day stretch from coast

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to coast

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this concept which relatedly termed as

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Manifest Destiny would come to define

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the efforts of the American people in

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their push westwards throughout the 19th

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century

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progress in this endeavor was initially

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slow her settlements gradually began to

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emerge on the Southern Shores of the

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Great Lakes in the 1810s and 1820s with

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the town of Chicago being founded in

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1833

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further to the west across the

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Mississippi River the frontier remained

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a wild and dangerous place which

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attracted only a very few who were

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desperate or brave enough to endure it

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amongst these were the mountain men who

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plied the Great Rivers of the region

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earning a living as hunters and

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collecting animal Furs which were highly

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valuable Commodities during the first

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half of the 19th century

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men such as Hugh glass and Jim Bridger

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were instrumental in gaining knowledge

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of the Region's terrain and waterways

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which went some way to help establish

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the earlier settlements on this part of

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the frontier

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these typically took the form of

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fortified trading posts which served as

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Regional hubs for the burgeoning fur

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trade

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gradually Overland route waves emerged

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to connect these scattered settlements

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with one another

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which subsequently developed into the

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earliest Pioneer Trails

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these were nothing more than marked in

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mapped paths that allowed would-be

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settlers in wagon trains to attempt the

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journey out to the fertile Willamette

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Valley in Oregon that had been

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discovered by the Lewis and Clark

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expedition some years earlier

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despite the enthusiasm and drive of the

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fledgling American Nation to expand

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across this vast unmapped Western

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Wilderness these lands were not simply

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laying vacant for the United States to

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claim as their own

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for Millennia hundreds if not thousands

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of Native American nations had called

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this land their home and the

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encroachment of white settlers from the

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East had created a complex relationship

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between the two groups which was often

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marked by tension and hostility

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in the spirit of fostering better

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relations based upon their founding

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principles of Liberty equality and

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justice the United States government

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signed multiple treaties with many of

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the Native American nations promising to

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protect their lands from prospective

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settlers

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nevertheless in 1830 the U.S government

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led by President Andrew Jackson passed

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the Indian Removal Act which effectively

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nullified all the previous treaties by

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making clear their intentions to settle

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the southern region around the

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Appalachian Mountains

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the five Native American tribes who

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inhabited this area the Cherokee

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Muscogee Seminole Chickasaw and Choctaw

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were then ordered to vacate their land

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and move west of the Mississippi River

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to a newly formed Indian Nation

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in what became known as the Trail of

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Tears tens of thousands of Native

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Americans were forcibly displaced from

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their homelands and made to endure

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abysmal conditions as they were marched

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westwards with thousands dying on route

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the maltreatment suffering and duplicity

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inflicted on the Native American peoples

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would sadly become a defining and

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enduring aspect of America's continuing

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Westward Expansion that would last well

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into the early 20th century

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while the initial migrations of the

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early 19th century saw settlers slowly

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drift westwards it was only in their

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second half of the 1840s that this began

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to increase exponentially

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this is owed to two almost simultaneous

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developments

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the first occurred in May 1846 when the

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United States declared war on Mexico

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after years of simmering tensions

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between the two Nations

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much of this animosity hinged on the

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status of the Republic of Texas which

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the U.S had annexed in December 1845

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making it the 28th state to be admitted

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to the Union

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the resulting Mexican-American War

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lasted almost two years and ended with

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the U.S victory after they successfully

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occupied Mexico City in 1847.

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through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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that followed Mexico seeded a vast

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amount of land to the United States

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which corresponds to much of modern day

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California Texas New Mexico Arizona

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Nevada Colorado and Utah

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the second development occurred around

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the same time as the Treaty of Mexico

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was being finalized in the hills of

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California American settlers had

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discovered gold

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as word quickly spread of the exciting

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news tens of thousands of people began

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preparing to head out west in search of

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their Fortune these settlers became

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known as the 49ers as they first started

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arriving in California in large numbers

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in 1849 they traveled either over land

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along Route such as the Santa Fe Oregon

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and California Trails or otherwise

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sailed from ports on the Eastern

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Seaboard South to Panama before trekking

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over land across the Isthmus to the

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Pacific Ocean then sailing North again

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to the coast of California

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by the mid-1850s some 300 000 people had

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arrived as part of the Gold Rush which

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dramatically transformed the

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demographics of the region and provided

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a fast track for California to be

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admitted as the 31st state in September

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1850

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the California Gold Rush was just the

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first event of its kind which fueled a

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massive influx of people into the

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American West

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throughout almost every decade of the

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mid late 19th century countless

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discoveries of Gold Silver and oil were

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made across many of the unorganized

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territories of the United States this

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led to the emergence of Boom towns like

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Deadwood in South Dakota and tombstone

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in Arizona which quickly became the home

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to thousands looking to exploit these

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valuable resources and get rich these

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towns also attracted entrepreneurs

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looking to cash in from the recent

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discoveries with saloons hotels gambling

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dens and brothels quickly springing up

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these effectively sought to mine the

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miners of any profits they've managed to

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acquire as a result many Prospectors

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ended up leaving poorer than when they

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had arrived but for those few had gotten

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lucky and struck it rich they decided to

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pack up their belongings and moved on to

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new Ventures leaving virtual ghost towns

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in their wake

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as new population centers began to

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sprout out of the region so did new

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economies and markets

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livestock proved highly suitable on the

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rolling groped planes which occupied

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much of the center of the now

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continental United States

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cattle in particular were a highly

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valued and sought after animal to rear

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huge herds soon range from the ranches

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and cattle markets across Texas New

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Mexico Arizona Colorado and further

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north into Wyoming The Dakotas and

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Montana and were driven by men who would

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soon become the archetypal symbol of the

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American West the cowboy

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the range of reasons for settlers

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heading out west varied enormously and

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did not simply pertain to those looking

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to better themselves economically Utah

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for instance was largely settled by the

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Mormons from the late 1840s onwards as

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their leader Brigham Young determined

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that a new land was needed for the

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followers of the Church of Latter-day

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Saints after they faced extensive

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persecution back East the journey would

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be undertaken by approximately 70 000

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Mormons over the next 20 years and

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resulted in the development of the Salt

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Lake Valley which Remains the heartland

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of the church to this day

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perhaps the most significant development

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that facilitated the increasing amounts

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of settlers into the American West was

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that of the Railway

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although an already extensive and

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well-developed rail network covered much

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of the Eastern side of the country it

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was recognized that a route was needed

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to connect the Atlantic and Pacific

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coasts which could then Branch off and

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extend to the rest of the country

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so it was in 1863 that initial

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construction began on the first

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Transcontinental Railroad however the

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continuation of the American Civil War

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hindered any significant progress

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although the conflicts primarily played

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out on the Eastern side of the country

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some fighting did occur west of the

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Mississippi River which prevented any

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allocation of men material or Finance

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being diverted towards the project until

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after the war's conclusion in 1865.

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by that point in the spirit of

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reconciliation and that an effort to

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heal the nation's divisions the federal

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government began to focus its efforts on

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uniting the nation with the completion

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of the Railway

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the Union Pacific Railroad began laying

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tracks Westward from Omaha Nebraska and

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the Central Pacific Railroad began the

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same undertaking eastwoods from

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Sacramento California

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six years after the groundbreaking the

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two railroads conjoined on the 10th of

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May 1869 at Promontory Summit Utah

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territory when the last Spike was driven

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in

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travel time between the coasts was now

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reduced from six months little over a

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week

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the development of the railroads were

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also supplemented further by other

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advances in technology such as the

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telegraph the telephone and the

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steamship all of which made it easier to

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travel and communicate across the

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country

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further incentives to entice settlers to

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move out west were made by the

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government with the Homestead Act of

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1862. this offered Parcels of federally

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owned land for as little as 1.25 cents

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per acre in the hope that any would-be

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settler would buy up a large tract and

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transform the uncultivated soil into

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highly productive Farmland which could

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then be used to support the ever-growing

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nation

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although the opening of the West

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provided many with the opportunity to

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better themselves through trade Commerce

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or even striking it rich it also

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provided some with a chance to acquire

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wealth through more illicit means

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due to the sheer vastness of the Open

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Country and the sporadic settlements

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that dotted it Law and Order was far

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more difficult to establish and maintain

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in the west than it was back east

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knowing that there was little chance of

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being caught and punished men such as

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Jesse James Butch Cassidy and the

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Sundance Kid turned to a life of crime

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preying upon the poorly guarded stage

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coaches trains and Banks across the

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region

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in order to combat The Reckless

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criminality that occasionally plagued

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the West lawmen were hired to track down

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and bring the Justice those who were

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wanted felons men like Wyatt Earp and

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Pat Garrett as well as employees of the

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Pinkerton detective agency became

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Legends in the west as they attempted to

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bring Law and Order to the violent and

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dangerous Frontier

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violence was by no means confined to the

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newly established settlements as the

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United States continued to expand by

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absorbing the lands of the ever fewer

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Native American nations that remained

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those tribes that refused to willingly

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give up their lands became increasingly

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determined to make a stand and fight for

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their way of life

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peoples of the Sioux and Apache nations

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in particular offered dogged resistance

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to the United States which resulted in

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conflicts such as the great Sioux war of

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1876 and the Apache Wars of the 1880s

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Native American leaders like Sitting

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Bull and Crazy Horse were at times

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successful in repelling the US Army like

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at the Battle of the Little Bighorn

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the Apache leader Geronimo similarly LED

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bands of warriors on the warpath to

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Ambush and raid American Targets in

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Arizona and New Mexico

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in order to combat the increasing threat

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pose from hostile Native Americans the

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federal government began to increase its

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military presence across the frontier

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with the construction of forts to house

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American troops more permanently

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ultimately however the overwhelming

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technological and Military superiority

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of the United States meant that the

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remaining Native American peoples of the

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West were subdued and forced to move

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onto reservations to make way for more

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settlers

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the settlers themselves who are

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migrating westwards were not a

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homogenous group

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as the 19th century progressed millions

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of more Europeans began migrating to the

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United States in search of a better life

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which was free from religious

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persecution political instability and

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poverty

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as they arrived in cities like New York

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Philadelphia Boston and Baltimore the

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population of the East Coast began to

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explode and the numbers of urban poor in

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overcrowded slums began to increase

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over time these people looked beyond the

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immediate ports of arrival and sought

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opportunity elsewhere with the West

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providing an alluring opportunity with

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the offer of cheap land and a fresh

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start

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some nationalities were more represented

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than others in the settlement of the

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West with the Irish and Germans being

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the most numerous to establish a new

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home for themselves in these regions

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additionally Chinese migration from

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across the Pacific Ocean and into

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California played a significant role in

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the development of the United States

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with many participating in the Gold Rush

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as well as working on the construction

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of the Central Pacific Railroad likewise

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thousands of African Americans also

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found the new home for themselves in the

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west particularly after the conclusion

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of the Civil War and abolition of

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slavery

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many found workers Cowboys working on

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the trails from the 1860s to the 1880s

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with as much as 25 percent of all

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herders and ranchers during this period

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being of African-American descent

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American westward expansion was not

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completely confined to the contiguous

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continental United States in 1867 the

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government purchased Alaska from Russia

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though it remained a nominal territory

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for decades and was visited only by fur

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Trappers and rare Adventure Seekers

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however in the late 1890s the Yukon Gold

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Rush just over the Border in

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Northwestern Canada brought the first

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wave of extensive settlement to Alaska

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with some 100 000 Prospectors journeying

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to the Frozen far north of the country

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in a somewhat different vein far out in

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the Pacific Ocean American missionaries

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had first begun arriving to the Hawaiian

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islands in the late 1820s in an effort

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to convert the natives to Christianity

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over time American businessmen became

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interested in the islands primarily on

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account of the profits which could be

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made from the fruit industry

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it was these same business interests

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which were supported by an aggressive

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American foreign policy that began

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interfering directly in the Kingdom of

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Hawaii's politics in the early 1890s

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which eventually led to the annexation

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of the entire archipelago in 1898

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as the 20th century Dawn the borders of

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the United States could now be seen as

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formally established and the vast

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expanse of the frontier began to close

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the rapid advances in technology and

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mass influx of people in the second half

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of the 19th century had made the

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American West a much smaller space than

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what it had been just a few Generations

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before

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Federal governmental control now

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extended over the entire nation with the

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Native Americans having reconciled

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themselves to its rule or at least

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begrudgingly accepted it in return for

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compensation for the loss of their lands

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the great Gold Silver and oil rushes

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were also coming to an end and the focus

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on Urban Development had begun to take

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shape across the region from the

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Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean

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as the last territories were officially

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converted into states with Oklahoma

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being Incorporated in 1907 New Mexico

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and Arizona following in 1912 and with

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Alaska and Hawaii not receiving formal

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statehood until as late as 1959 the

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Western American frontier had finally

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been tamed and the modern United States

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began its next chapter to becoming the

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greatest superpower the world has ever

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seen

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Related Tags
Westward ExpansionUS GeschichteSiedler19. JahrhundertManifest DestinyLouisiana KaufGoldrauschEisenbahnIndian Removal ActSiedlungsbewegung
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