BIOGRAFI HIDUP SOEHARTO YANG FENOMENAL DI MATA DUNIA

Summary

This video delves into the life and legacy of Soeharto, the second President of Indonesia. Born into a poor family in 1921, Soeharto's early life was shaped by hardships and support from relatives. He pursued a military career, becoming a key figure in Indonesia’s fight for independence. Soeharto’s rise to power was marked by significant political upheaval, including the 1965 coup attempt. He officially became president in 1968, leading Indonesia for 32 years. His tenure saw both development and corruption, culminating in an economic crisis. The video highlights Soeharto’s journey, challenges, and his lasting influence on Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 Soeharto was the second President of Indonesia, serving for 32 years.
• 😀 His administration was marked by significant issues like corruption, collusion, and nepotism, which contributed to an economic crisis in Indonesia.
• 😀 Soeharto was born on June 8, 1921, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, into a poor family.
• 😀 He was raised by his grandfather, Kromodirio, after his mother entrusted him to him when Soeharto was just 40 days old.
• 😀 Soeharto had a childhood interest in agriculture and fishing, often accompanying his grandfather to the rice fields.
• 😀 After completing elementary school, Soeharto attended Muhammadiyah Junior High School in Yogyakarta and later aspired to continue his education, but financial constraints led him to join the military.
• 😀 Soeharto joined the Indonesian National Army (TNI) on October 5, 1945, and played a vital role in the 1949 general attack on Dutch forces during the struggle for Indonesian independence.
• 😀 In 1965, Indonesia faced internal conflict within the military due to ideological splits between the left-wing and right-wing factions, which culminated in the 30th September Movement and the kidnapping and murder of six generals.
• 😀 Following the events of October 1965, Soeharto was granted authority through the March 11th Order (Supersemar) by President Soekarno to restore security, leading to his eventual rise to power.
• 😀 Soeharto became President in 1968, marking the beginning of the New Order government, and later held various cabinet positions, with multiple vice presidents serving under him during his rule.
• 😀 Despite his controversial reign, Soeharto's life story exemplifies resilience and determination, having risen from humble beginnings to become the president of Indonesia.

Q & A

Who was Soeharto, and what is his significance in Indonesia's history?

Soeharto was the second President of Indonesia, serving from 1967 to 1998. He is significant for leading the country for over 30 years, initiating economic reforms, and creating the 'New Order' government. His presidency was marked by significant economic growth but also by corruption, human rights abuses, and political repression.

How did Soeharto's early life shape his later career?

Soeharto's early life was marked by poverty, and he was often entrusted to live with relatives. This difficult childhood experience instilled in him a strong work ethic and resilience, which later contributed to his successful military career and eventual rise to the presidency.

What role did Soeharto play in Indonesia's independence movement?

Soeharto was an active participant in Indonesia's independence struggle. He served as a commander in the TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces), playing a significant role in battles against Dutch forces, including leading the general attack in Yogyakarta in 1949.

How did Soeharto rise to political power after Indonesia's independence?

After Indonesia's independence, Soeharto gained recognition for his military leadership, particularly during the Mandala Command in eastern Indonesia. His role in restoring order following the failed 1965 coup, and the subsequent granting of extraordinary powers by President Soekarno, paved the way for his rise to power.

What was the March 11th Order (Supersemar), and how did it affect Soeharto's power?

The March 11th Order (Supersemar) was issued by President Soekarno, granting Soeharto the authority to restore security and order in Indonesia following the 1965 coup attempt. This order effectively allowed Soeharto to take control of the country, marking the beginning of his path to the presidency.

When was Soeharto officially inaugurated as President of Indonesia?

Soeharto was officially inaugurated as the second President of Indonesia on March 27, 1968, although he had effectively assumed power in 1966.

What were the key features of Soeharto's presidency?

Soeharto's presidency was characterized by economic development, military control, and centralized power. While he oversaw rapid industrial growth and infrastructure development, his regime was also marked by corruption, human rights violations, and political repression.

How did Soeharto's government deal with political opposition?

Soeharto's government was known for its authoritarianism, suppressing political opposition and dissent through military and political control. He maintained tight control over the media and cracked down on any perceived threats to his regime, including during the 1965 coup attempt and the political split between the left and right-wing factions within the military.

Who were some of the key figures in Soeharto's military and political career?

Key figures in Soeharto's career included Major Ali Murtopo, Captain LB Murdani, and Colonel Sudomo, who played important roles in military operations and the political landscape of Indonesia during Soeharto's rule.

What led to Soeharto's resignation in 1998?

Soeharto's resignation in 1998 was triggered by widespread public dissatisfaction with his rule, compounded by the Asian Financial Crisis, economic turmoil, and mass protests. Despite his long reign, his inability to address these issues led to his eventual resignation and the end of the 'New Order' government.