Kuliah Online - Basic Petroleum System & BATUAN INDUK (Source Rock)

Eksplorasi Migasian
2 Oct 202020:50

Summary

TLDRThis educational script delves into the fundamentals of petroleum systems, highlighting the critical role of source rocks in oil and gas formation. It explains the distinction between conventional and unconventional systems and outlines the four key processes involved in conventional systems: generation, accumulation, migration, and entrapment. The script further explores the characteristics of source rocks, the transformation of organic matter into hydrocarbons, and the environmental conditions conducive to source rock formation. It also touches on the classification and evaluation methods for source rock quality, providing a comprehensive overview of the petroleum exploration process.

Takeaways

  • πŸ“š The lecture discusses the basic petroleum system, emphasizing the importance of the ecosystem and the parent rock in the formation of oil and gas.
  • πŸ”‘ The petroleum system is divided into two groups: conventional and non-conventional, with the conventional system being used first in oil and gas exploration.
  • 🏞️ The formation of a conventional petroleum system involves four processes including the source rock, reservoir rock, trap formation, and seal rock.
  • πŸ” The maturity of the source rock determines the type of hydrocarbons produced, which is crucial for the success of the petroleum system.
  • πŸš€ The migration of oil and gas from the source rock to the accumulation area is influenced by the timing and sequence of the formation and maturation of the source rock.
  • 🌱 The source rock, or 'soft', is capable of generating and releasing oil and gas, and is considered the 'kitchen' or 'cooker' where organic material is converted into hydrocarbons.
  • 🌳 The potential of the source rock is categorized into three types: effective, possible, and potential, based on its ability to produce hydrocarbons.
  • 🌊 The depositional environment of the source rock is critical, often involving areas rich in organic material such as lakes, marine environments, and terrestrial ecosystems.
  • 🌿 The type of organic material and its preservation in the source rock, such as algae, plankton, and terrestrial plants, influences the type of hydrocarbons produced.
  • πŸ”¬ The transformation of organic material into hydrocarbons occurs through stages of diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis, influenced by temperature and pressure.
  • πŸ“ˆ Two common methods for determining the quality of source rock are the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) method and the Rock-Eval method, which assess the maturity and potential of the rock to generate hydrocarbons.

Q & A

  • What is the main topic discussed in the script?

    -The main topic discussed in the script is the petroleum system, focusing on the basic elements and processes involved in the formation of oil and gas.

  • What are the two main groups of the petroleum system mentioned in the script?

    -The two main groups of the petroleum system mentioned are conventional and non-conventional.

  • What are the four processes involved in the formation of a conventional petroleum system?

    -The four processes involved in the formation of a conventional petroleum system are: generation of organic material in the source rock, accumulation in the reservoir rock, migration of hydrocarbons, and sealing by the cap rock.

  • What is the role of the source rock in the petroleum system?

    -The source rock is the starting point of the petroleum system, where organic material is converted into oil and gas through maturation processes.

  • What is meant by 'maturity' in the context of the source rock?

    -Maturity in the context of the source rock refers to the degree of thermal maturation that the organic material has undergone, which determines the type of hydrocarbons produced.

  • What are the three categories of source rocks according to geochemical experts?

    -The three categories of source rocks are effective source rock that has already generated and expelled hydrocarbons, possible source rock that may generate and expel hydrocarbons, and potential source rock that is not yet mature enough to generate and expel hydrocarbons.

  • What is the significance of the depositional environment for the formation of source rocks?

    -The depositional environment is significant for the formation of source rocks because it provides the conditions necessary for the accumulation and preservation of organic material, which can later be converted into hydrocarbons.

  • What are the types of sedimentary environments that are conducive to the formation of source rocks?

    -Sedimentary environments such as lakes (lacustrine), shallow seas (marine), and terrestrial swamps are conducive to the formation of source rocks due to the abundance of organic material from plants and microorganisms.

  • What is kerogen and why is it important in the context of source rocks?

    -Kerogen is the insoluble organic matter contained within sedimentary rocks that has not been converted into sedimentary rock or lithified. It is important because it is the precursor to hydrocarbons and can indicate the potential of a source rock to generate oil and gas.

  • What are the three stages of organic matter transformation in sedimentary rocks?

    -The three stages of organic matter transformation in sedimentary rocks are diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis, which correspond to different depths and temperatures at which the organic material is converted into hydrocarbons.

  • How are the quality and maturity of source rocks determined?

    -The quality and maturity of source rocks are determined using methods such as Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis and Rock-Eval pyrolysis, which provide insights into the amount of organic matter and its stage of transformation into hydrocarbons.

Outlines

00:00

πŸš€ Introduction to Petroleum Systems

This paragraph introduces the concept of petroleum systems, focusing on the basic elements and processes necessary for the formation of hydrocarbons. It explains the importance of the petroleum system in successful oil and gas exploration, highlighting that failure in any element or process can lead to exploration failure. The system is divided into conventional and non-conventional, with conventional systems being used first. The paragraph outlines the four key components of a conventional petroleum system: the source rock, reservoir rock, seal rock, and the processes of maturation, migration, accumulation, and timing.

05:02

🌐 Understanding Source Rocks and Hydrocarbon Generation

This section delves into the details of source rocks, which are essential for hydrocarbon generation. It discusses the three categories of source rocks as described by geochemists: effective source rocks that produce hydrocarbons, possible source rocks with potential, and immature source rocks. The paragraph also explains the concept of sedimentary basins and the conditions that lead to the formation of source rocks, such as the accumulation of organic material in anoxic environments. It provides an example of how organic material can be transformed into hydrocarbons through processes like diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis.

10:02

🌿 Environmental Conditions for Source Rock Formation

This paragraph discusses the environmental conditions necessary for the formation of source rocks, emphasizing the importance of abundant organic material, such as plants and animals, in environments like lakes, seas, and terrestrial ecosystems. It describes how the concentration of organic material and the right conditions can lead to the preservation of this material, which can eventually become source rocks. The paragraph also mentions the types of rocks that have the highest potential to become source rocks, such as shale, and the process of organic material transformation into kerogen and eventually into hydrocarbons.

15:05

πŸ”¬ Methods for Determining Source Rock Quality

The focus of this paragraph is on the methods used to determine the quality of source rocks. It introduces two common methods: Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis, which measures the amount of organic carbon in a rock sample, and Rock-Eval analysis, which assesses the maturity of the source rock based on temperature and time exposed to heat. The paragraph explains the process of these analyses and how they are used to classify the quality of source rocks, from poor to excellent, based on the amount of hydrocarbons they can generate.

20:10

🎡 Closing Musical Interlude

This paragraph consists solely of musical interludes, indicated by the repeated '[Musik]' notation. It serves as a break or transition in the video script, providing an audio pause without any verbal content.

Mindmap

Keywords

πŸ’‘Petroleum System

A petroleum system is a set of geological elements and processes that are required for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas within the Earth. It is central to the video's theme as it explains the necessary components for successful hydrocarbon exploration. The script mentions that the petroleum system is divided into conventional and non-conventional, with the conventional system being discussed in detail.

πŸ’‘Source Rock

Source rock, or 'batuan induk' in the script, is a type of sedimentary rock that contains a significant amount of organic material capable of generating hydrocarbons. It is a fundamental concept in the video, as it is the starting point for the formation of oil and gas. The script describes the characteristics of source rocks and their role in the petroleum system.

πŸ’‘Reservoir Rock

Reservoir rock is the porous and permeable rock that can contain and transmit hydrocarbons. It is a key component in the petroleum system discussed in the video, as it is where oil and gas accumulate after being generated in the source rock. The script refers to 'batuan reservoar' as the rock that can store and allow the movement of hydrocarbons.

πŸ’‘Migration

Migration in the context of the video refers to the movement of hydrocarbons from the source rock to the reservoir rock. It is a critical process in the petroleum system, as it is how oil and gas travel to their accumulation points. The script uses the term 'hidrasi' to describe this process.

πŸ’‘Maturity

Maturity, or 'kematurity' in the script, refers to the degree of thermal transformation that organic matter in the source rock undergoes to generate hydrocarbons. It is a key concept in understanding the timing and conditions necessary for the formation of oil and gas. The script explains that the maturity of the source rock determines the type of hydrocarbons produced.

πŸ’‘Overburden Pressure

Overburden pressure is the pressure exerted on sedimentary layers by the weight of overlying rock and sediment. It is an important factor in the transformation of organic matter into hydrocarbons, as mentioned in the script. The term 'overbodden precision' is used to describe the pressure that contributes to the maturation process.

πŸ’‘Deposition

Deposition is the process by which sediments are laid down in layers, eventually forming sedimentary rocks. It is a fundamental geological process discussed in the video, particularly in the context of how source rocks are formed. The script describes a scenario where organic material is deposited in a lake environment, contributing to the formation of source rock.

πŸ’‘Anoxic Environment

An anoxic environment is one that lacks oxygen, which is important for the preservation of organic matter without oxidation. In the video, the script refers to 'area anoxic' as the deeper part of a lake where little to no oxygen is present, allowing organic material to accumulate without decomposition.

πŸ’‘Kerogen

Kerogen is an insoluble organic matter found within sedimentary rocks that is a precursor to hydrocarbons. It is a key term in the script, as it represents the organic material in source rocks that, upon maturation, generates oil and gas. The script explains that kerogen is the material that transforms into hydrocarbons under the right conditions of heat and pressure.

πŸ’‘Diagenesis

Diagenesis refers to the chemical, physical, and biological changes that occur in sediments after their initial deposition and during and after their lithification to form sedimentary rocks. It is part of the script's discussion on the transformation stages of organic matter into hydrocarbons. The term 'diagenesis' is used to describe the initial phase of this transformation process.

πŸ’‘Catagenesis

Catagenesis is the thermal decomposition of kerogen into oil and natural gas, occurring at greater depths and temperatures than diagenesis. It is a stage in the maturation process of organic matter discussed in the video. The script mentions 'katagenesis' as the phase where kerogen starts to break down into more complex hydrocarbons.

Highlights

The lecture discusses the basic principles of petroleum systems, emphasizing the importance of the source rock or 'sosok' in the formation of oil and gas.

Petroleum systems are divided into two groups: conventional and non-conventional, with conventional systems being used first in oil and gas exploration.

A conventional petroleum system consists of four processes: source rock, reservoir rock, trap formation, and seal rock.

The maturity of the source rock determines the type of hydrocarbons produced, which is crucial for successful oil and gas exploration.

The concept of 'timing' in petroleum systems is essential, ensuring the right sequence and duration between formation and migration.

Exploration methods such as vertical and directional drilling are explained, highlighting their role in conventional oil and gas accumulation.

Source rocks are identified as the 'kitchen' or 'dapur' where organic material is converted into oil and gas.

Geological experts categorize source rocks into three types based on their hydrocarbon generation potential: effective, possible, and potential.

The importance of sedimentary basins in the formation of source rocks is highlighted, with examples of various types of basins like Acre, Bandung, and Cirebon.

The process of sedimentation and the transformation of organic material into kerogen is described, detailing the conditions that lead to the formation of source rocks.

The environmental conditions necessary for the deposition of source rocks, such as abundant organic material and anoxic conditions, are discussed.

Different types of source rocks are identified, with shale, siltstone, and coal being the most potential ones in the world.

The composition of organic material in source rocks is explained, with kerogens making up a significant portion and being the precursor to hydrocarbons.

The transformation of kerogen through diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis is outlined, showing the stages of organic matter maturation.

Methods for determining the quality of source rocks, such as Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis, are introduced.

Classification of source rock quality based on TOC content and Hydrogen Index (HI) is presented, providing a framework for assessing rock potential.

The lecture concludes with a discussion on the practical applications of understanding petroleum systems in oil and gas exploration.

Transcripts

play00:00

Halo selamat datang kembali di kuliah

play00:13

online yellow Jejas lele ini saya akan

play00:17

bahas

play00:19

the basic transistem khususnya yaitu

play00:22

batuan induk atau sosok

play00:25

J.Lo pokok bahasan yaitu ekosistem dan

play00:28

batuan induk

play00:30

Hai yang pertama betul sistem Apa itu

play00:33

Battle system

play00:37

Hai program sistem yaitu elemen

play00:40

Hai dan proses yang harus terpenuhi yang

play00:43

saling berkaitan erat untuk terbentuknya

play00:45

hingga terakumulasinya minyak dan gas

play00:47

bumi

play00:48

Hai tetron sistem ini adalah kunci

play00:51

sukses dalam eksplorasi Migas eksplorasi

play00:54

Migas dipastikan akan gagal Jika ada

play00:57

salah satu elemen maupun prosesnya yang

play00:59

tidak terpenuhi

play01:01

The Return sistem terbagi dalam dua

play01:03

kelompok yaitu konvensional dan

play01:06

nonkonvensional tahu non-konvensional

play01:09

dalam eksplorasi Migas sistem

play01:12

konvensional lebih dahulu digunakan

play01:15

dibanding perbedaannya sistem

play01:19

konvensional sedangkan di tempat

play01:29

terbentuknya sistem konvensional terdiri

play01:33

dari empat proses yaitu elemen batuan

play01:38

induk atau

play01:41

ini merupakan batuan sebagai tempat

play01:44

memasak atau konversi bahan bakar

play01:45

organik jadi minyak dan gas bumi

play01:48

selanjutnya batuan reservoar

play01:52

Hai berpakaian batuan Sebagai tempat

play01:56

atau ada yang dapat atau mampu menampung

play01:59

atau menyimpan minyak dan gas bumi

play02:04

Hai jebakan atau berpakaian bentuk atau

play02:08

geometri dari batuan reservoir tank

play02:12

ke-4 batuan penutup atau sirop

play02:16

Hai yaitu batuan yang dapat atau mampu

play02:18

menyekat atau menghalangi migrasi

play02:20

misterius bumi ketempat yang lainnya

play02:23

selanjutnya yaitu proses yang pertama

play02:27

kematangan batuan pesawat sosok maturity

play02:30

yaitu batuan induk yang harus matang

play02:34

atau macet

play02:36

Hai tingkat kematangan batuan induk akan

play02:38

menentukan jenis hidrokarbon yang

play02:40

dihasilkan

play02:42

Hai hidrasi yaitu perpindahan minyak dan

play02:45

gas bumi dari batuan induk yang sudah

play02:47

matang atau macet menuju tempat

play02:50

akumulasi gas yaitu karena software

play02:55

Hai dengan jebakan atau trem dan cilok

play02:59

Hai selanjutnya timing

play03:02

Hai waktu yang dihadapi dan urutan waktu

play03:06

pembentukan harus cukup dan tepat antara

play03:09

pembentukan dan pematangan batuan induk

play03:13

menentukan tempat akumulasi gas dan

play03:15

timing pada saat migrasi ke

play03:19

Hai rentan semen Petroleum system

play03:23

konvensional hanya terdiri dari batuan

play03:26

induk atau sosok dan proses setrum

play03:29

sistemnya yaitu kematangan batuan induk

play03:33

atau sosok maturity Hal ini disebabkan

play03:36

karena pengambilan minyak dan gas bumi

play03:38

dilakukan langsung pada batuan induk

play03:42

hai hai

play03:43

Hai Berikut ini adalah inspirasi

play03:45

sederhana dari beton sistem yang terdiri

play03:47

dari elemen dan proses

play03:53

Hai contoh vertikal drilling atau sumur

play03:57

vertikal merupakan sumur untuk mencari

play04:00

tiga secara konvensional Cemara

play04:03

akumulasi Migas yaitu batuan reservoar

play04:06

dengan jebakan atau stretch dan batuan

play04:08

penutup sedangkan directional drilling

play04:12

atau sumur miring berat ini adalah

play04:15

contoh pengukuran untuk mencari jejak di

play04:19

tempat pembentukan Migas yaitu batuan

play04:22

induk selanjutnya kita akan membahas

play04:28

elemen betulan sistem yang pertama dan

play04:30

yang paling utama yaitu batuan induk

play04:33

atau soft

play04:36

Hai batuan induk atau soft adalah batuan

play04:39

yang mampu menghasilkan atau generate

play04:43

dan mengeluarkan minyak dan gas bumi

play04:47

jadi ciri batuan induk yaitu saya Master

play04:51

anorganik atau organik materi Chinese

play04:55

dapat pada batuan sedimen berbutir halus

play05:01

batuan induk juga disebut kitchen atau

play05:05

dapur tempat konversi dari material

play05:10

organik menjadi minyak dan gas bumi di

play05:15

hai juga

play05:16

Hai batuan induk menurut ahli geokimia

play05:20

Wapres dalam bukunya yang terbit kan

play05:23

tahun Semoga halaman 93 Jelaskan bahwa

play05:27

batuan induk terdiri dari tiga kategori

play05:29

yang pertama efektif sosok sudah

play05:34

menghasilkan dan mengeluarkan

play05:36

hidrokarbon kemudian possible sosok

play05:40

kemungkinan bisa menghasilkan dan

play05:43

mengeluarkan hidrokarbon

play05:45

hai lalu potensial Sosro belum matang

play05:50

atau belum bisa menghasilkan dan

play05:52

mengeluarkan hidrokarbon

play05:55

hai hai

play05:58

hai hai

play06:00

badges0

play06:02

Hai jadi men dan material organik yang

play06:06

berpotensi menjadi batuan induk tindakan

play06:09

didasar kepungan cekungan sedimen atau

play06:13

sedimen dari besi adalah suatu daerah

play06:16

permukaan bumi yang berbentuk cekung ke

play06:19

bawah dan yang mengalami proses sekresi

play06:21

karena aktivitas tektonik sehingga

play06:25

menjadi tempat sedimentasi terpenting

play06:28

adalah sedikit contoh cekungan dari

play06:29

banyak jenis cekungan yang ada di dunia

play06:31

yaitu acre band Cirebon dan seng

play06:42

selanjutnya kita akan membahas

play06:44

pembentukan zat

play06:48

Hai berikut ini skema atau ilustrasinya

play06:50

pada zaman dahulu terdapat suatu

play06:53

lingkungan pengendapan danau yang tenang

play06:55

dan nyaman dilengkapi dengan makhluk

play06:58

hidup hewan dan tumbuhan yang hidup

play07:00

sekitar permukaan air danau dan di

play07:03

sekitar tepian danau

play07:07

e-business

play07:09

Hai suatu danau terbagi dalam area

play07:12

oksigen dan area and office toksik

play07:16

adalah area yang kaya oksigen tempat

play07:19

hewan dan tumbuhan dikotil

play07:20

[Musik]

play07:21

Hai anoxic adalah area yang lebih dalam

play07:24

yang minim atau bahkan tidak ada oksigen

play07:28

Hai lempung atau klaim akan terendapkan

play07:32

di dasar danau karena lebih halus

play07:34

dibanding pasir atau Saint yang

play07:36

diendapkan di tepian danau yang lebih

play07:40

kasar

play07:41

Hai makhluk hidup penghuni Danau apabila

play07:44

mati jatuh di area anoxic sambil

play07:47

tertimbun lempung sehingga terawetkan

play07:50

dengan tenang sehingga play dengan

play07:53

materi organik yang arogan tersebut

play07:56

termasuk dalam kategori possible sosok

play08:03

seiring waktu berjalan sedimentasi

play08:06

berlanjut hingga memenuhi Danau pasir

play08:09

menjadi batu pasir sedangkan sedimen

play08:11

clay menjadi flash tuh atau sel yang

play08:14

kaya akan kandungan material organik

play08:17

Hai mungkin terjadi migrasi

play08:20

Hai batu lempung atau serpih dengan

play08:23

banyak kandungan material organik mulai

play08:25

terkubur dan terbebani oleh sedimen di

play08:28

atasnya segmentasi masih berlanjut

play08:32

terjadi selanjutnya yaitu overbodden

play08:36

precision dan it overburden Freezer

play08:40

adalah tekanan yang menyebabkan adanya

play08:43

pembebanan batuan sedimen di atasnya

play08:46

sedangkan hit adalah pemanasan dari

play08:50

bawah yang bersumber dari magma

play08:52

batulempung kaya organik ini ini sudah

play08:55

masuk kategori potensial Sosro semakin

play08:59

banyak sedimentasi di atasnya maka

play09:02

overbodden freezer pada Playstore dan

play09:05

atau sel semakin tinggi begitu pula

play09:09

seiring semakin dalamnya batuan sedimen

play09:12

tersebut suhu makin panas

play09:18

Hai sampai dengan tekanan overburden

play09:19

atau head tinggi pada suhu tertentu

play09:22

menjadikan material organik yang

play09:24

terawetkan tersebut berubah menjadi

play09:26

minyak dan gas bumi sementara

play09:29

sedimentasi masih berlanjut ke

play09:35

Hai minyak dan gas bumi yang sudah

play09:38

matang atau mesin kemudian bermigrasi ke

play09:41

tempat akumulasi meja yang terdiri dari

play09:44

tiga elemen yaitu batuan reservoar

play09:49

jebakan strap dan program penutup Rasul

play09:52

roh dalam tahap ini batuan induk

play09:56

termasuk kategori efektif sosok

play10:02

selanjutnya yaitu lingkungan pengendapan

play10:04

batuan induk apa saja syaratnya

play10:08

syarat lingkungan pengendapan menjadi

play10:12

tempat batuan induk yang pertama banyak

play10:16

material organik hewan atau tumbuhan

play10:20

yang tumbuh dan berkembang biak dengan

play10:22

banyak yang kedua kondisi pengendapan

play10:28

mengkonsentrasikan material organik ini

play10:32

dan yang ketiga material organik yang

play10:35

telah mati terawetkan dengan tenang atau

play10:40

aman atau setelahnya pre-sold contoh

play10:44

lingkungan pengendapan tempat batuan

play10:46

induk yang banyak dipenuhi makhluk hidup

play10:48

yaitu Danau atau lacustrine laut atau

play10:53

miring dan daratan bacterial

play10:57

Hai Danau biasanya dipenuhi banyak hal

play11:02

gaib di laut banyak dipenuhi Plankton

play11:05

dan spesies sekitar rubu sial cangkang

play11:10

sedangkan di daratan banyak

play11:13

tumbuhan-tumbuhan tinggi ke semua

play11:17

makhluk hidup tersebut jika Martin dapat

play11:19

terawetkan dengan tenang atau princess

play11:24

hai hai

play11:28

Hai selanjutnya di lingkungan

play11:30

pengendapan batuan induk aku jadi kalau

play11:32

giginya itu

play11:34

Hai idologi atau jenis batuan yang

play11:36

berpotensi menjadi batuan induk yang

play11:38

tertinggi atau terbanyak didunia yaitu

play11:40

atau batulempung Playstore berikut

play11:43

berikutnya yaitu batugamping dan

play11:46

selanjutnya yaitu batubara selanjutnya

play11:50

Bagaimana sih material organik yang

play11:51

sudah mati dan terawetkan dengan tenang

play11:58

Hai Ate dimenangkan terdiri dari banyak

play12:00

mineral dan sedikit material organik

play12:03

Hotel organik terdiri dari 20% kerogen

play12:07

dan 10% gituin menurut Abraham

play12:11

terus-menerus 45 dalam kusumadinata

play12:14

tahun 81 vitamin A adalah hidrokarbon

play12:19

yang tidak larut dalam karbon disulfida

play12:22

sistem ini terdiri dari cair dan padat

play12:25

diseminasi cair minyak bumi sejumlah

play12:29

padat yaitu lilin dan aspal yang mudah

play12:31

Melu men dan Asphalt disetor belum

play12:35

sedangkan kerogen adalah material

play12:38

organik yang terkandung dalam batuan

play12:40

sedimen yang tidak larut strategi

play12:42

menjadi batuan sedimen atau litifikasi

play12:47

Hai lebih berikut ini contoh batuan

play12:50

serpih yang gelap menunjukkan saya akan

play12:53

periode kerogen terdiri dari beberapa

play12:59

tipe yang dibedakan berdasarkan sumber

play13:03

material organik

play13:06

di lingkungan pengendapan dan si pemijat

play13:09

yang dihasilkan itu satu sumber material

play13:14

dominan Alga pengendapan pelaku sering

play13:18

rolling dan secara dominan menghasilkan

play13:22

minyak

play13:23

Hai berdua Jember material dominan

play13:28

Plankton dan sedikit alga laut dengan

play13:31

pengendapan laut atau Marine dangkal

play13:34

atau dalam dan menghasilkan minyak dan

play13:42

gas bumi

play13:44

Hai secara rata-rata

play13:48

MP3 sumber material dominan tumbuhan

play13:53

tinggi lingkungan pengendapan daratan

play13:55

atau teresterial dan Ferdinand

play13:59

menghasilkan zat tipe 4 sumber material

play14:01

teroksidasi himbauan penginapan

play14:04

bervariasi tapi umumnya daratan rap

play14:06

serial dan tidak menghasilkan minyak dan

play14:09

gas biasanya menghasilkan batubara

play14:13

hai hai

play14:14

Hai selanjutnya telah mati dan terkubur

play14:17

dalam sedimen batin anorganik yaitu

play14:21

kerogen bertransformasi atau

play14:24

bereproduksi transformasi m organik atau

play14:28

illusion dalam batuan sedimen terbagi

play14:31

dalam tiga tahap yang pertama diagenesis

play14:34

kemudian atau genetik dan Tahap terakhir

play14:38

metagenesis

play14:43

Hai Berikut ini adalah gambarnya tahap

play14:47

yang pertama yaitu diagenesis

play14:50

sedimentasi hingga permulaan kontaksi

play14:52

jadi menjadi batuan sedimen

play14:55

di atasnya spesifikasi

play14:58

Hai yang terjadi pada ratusan meter

play15:01

terkadang ribuan meter jalan

play15:05

Hai kalau tahap ini masih terdapat

play15:06

organisme Anaerob menghasilkan oksigen

play15:09

dikonsumsi oleh organisme aerob jika

play15:12

permukaan air

play15:14

Hai pada kasus tertentu menghasilkan di

play15:17

techniques

play15:19

J.Co organik tidak larut menjadi kerogen

play15:22

sedangkan zat organik yang larut menjadi

play15:24

pembina waktu selanjutnya yaitu

play15:29

katagenesis pada tahap ini sedimen sudah

play15:33

menjadi batuan sedimen kerogen melumer

play15:36

menjadi minyak hingga wedgess atau

play15:40

kondensasi dan suhu pada fase ini

play15:42

berkisar antara 50-150 derajat yaitu

play15:47

fase yang terakhir yaitu metagenesis

play15:52

pada fase ini kerogen menjadi belajar

play15:55

atau metana dan hidrokarbon residu

play16:01

kerogen menjadi grafit karbon

play16:03

Hai beberapa sedingin sudah berubah

play16:05

menjadi crystalline batubara berubah

play16:08

menjadi antrasit sedangkan suhu pada

play16:12

fase ini berkisar antara 150-200 diajak

play16:16

yaitu

play16:20

di Indonesia

play16:21

yang selanjutnya adalah penentuan

play16:23

kualitas batuan induk

play16:26

Hai ada banyak metode untuk menentukan

play16:28

kualitas batuan induknya kali ini akan

play16:31

dibahas dua metode yang sangat umum dan

play16:34

banyak digunakan

play16:35

Hai yaitu kok atau total Organic carbon

play16:40

yaitu presentasi berat karbon organik

play16:43

dalam suatu contoh batuan dirangkum dari

play16:47

webstaurantstore 5 halaman 84 instrumen

play16:52

yang digunakan

play16:54

Hai pada metode ini yaitu recovery Bond

play16:57

tenggelese begini adalah skema dari Lego

play17:03

karbonil Azhar

play17:05

Hai menit kemudian bahan yang digunakan

play17:09

berupa bebatuan biasanya 1gram nitip

play17:14

kerjanya bahan misal batu lempung atau

play17:18

serpih dibakar atau tidaknya Columbus

play17:22

dan dengan injeksi oksigen menghasilkan

play17:26

CO2 yang disimpan dalam CO2 check in

play17:31

Hai Mungkin setelah proses pembakaran

play17:33

ketombe selesai CO2 lalu dialirkan ke C2

play17:38

detektor untuk diukur jumlah CO2 yang

play17:41

dihasilkan sebanding dengan dan

play17:45

berikutnya yaitu klasifikasi saya ambil

play17:49

dari referensi yang pertama menurut

play17:52

criters dan kasat tahun 1994 oleh batuan

play17:57

induk terdiri dari huruf ataupun

play18:02

20 sampai 0,5 hub atau file 0,5 sampai

play18:10

Hai kemudian baik ataupun 1-2 sangat

play18:13

baik atau berikut 2-4 dan istimewa

play18:17

excellent 4

play18:21

Hai referensi yang lain saya ambil dari

play18:23

bakteri e-toll tahun 2011 kualitas

play18:27

batuan induk terbagi dalam

play18:32

ini tidak berpotensi atau noun yaitu di

play18:35

bawah

play18:37

Hai kemudian huruf atau poor antara 0,5

play18:41

sampai satu kemudian cukup atau fans 1-2

play18:46

baik ataupun 2-5 dan sangat baik atau

play18:51

berikut diatas

play18:57

yang selanjutnya adalah bantuan kualitas

play19:00

batuan induk dengan metode rom-0 level

play19:03

of Organic Mercure yaitu tingkatan

play19:06

kematangan batuan induk berdasarkan suhu

play19:09

tertentu dan lama waktu terkena suhu

play19:13

level kematangan batuan induk yaitu MSG

play19:17

atau belum matang mecer matang dan tidak

play19:22

offernation telah matang sedangkan

play19:27

metode penentuan rom6x digunakan yaitu

play19:33

yang pertama pirolisis termal dan

play19:43

Hai yang mana akan dibahas di video

play19:46

berikutnya jangan

play20:02

Hai Meskipun demikian terima kasih dan

play20:09

semoga bermanfaat

play20:12

[Musik]

play20:37

[Musik]

play20:47

[Musik]

Rate This
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
Petroleum SystemsGeological ProcessesOil FormationGas ExplorationReservoir RocksHydrocarbon GenerationOrganic MaterialMaturity LevelsMigration TimingGeochemical AnalysisExploration Techniques