Teknologi Seismik Refleksi Yang Digunakan Untuk Ekplorasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi

Summary

In this presentation, Adi Krismantoro from the Geophysics Department at the Institute of Technology Sumatera introduces seismic reflection technology for oil and gas exploration. He explains how seismic measurements, divided into shallow and deep prospecting, are crucial for mapping subsurface geology. Key stages include data acquisition, seismic data processing, and interpretation to identify oil and gas deposits. He details the role of seismic sources, receivers like hydrophones in marine surveys, and operational procedures. The session highlights the geological conditions necessary for the accumulation of oil and gas, focusing on source rocks, reservoir rocks, and cap rocks.

Takeaways

• 😀 The main topic of the script is seismic reflection technology used for oil and gas exploration.
• 😀 Seismic measurements aim to achieve high-quality recordings by comparing reflection signals with noise signals.
• 😀 The accuracy of seismic measurements is essential, particularly regarding the travel time of seismic waves.
• 😀 Geophysical exploration can be divided into shallow and deep prospecting, with seismic reflection applied to both.
• 😀 Shallow prospecting is typically used for coal and mineral exploration, while deep prospecting is used for oil and gas exploration.
• 😀 Seismic reflection methods are divided into three main parts: data acquisition, seismic data processing, and seismic data interpretation.
• 😀 Data acquisition involves gathering field data, while processing involves generating seismic cross-sections for integration.
• 😀 Seismic data interpretation helps determine geological conditions and the types of materials beneath the Earth's surface.
• 😀 Understanding seismic parameters and proper field techniques are crucial for obtaining quality seismic recordings.
• 😀 In marine seismic surveys, hydrophones are used to detect pressure changes and seismic waves.
• 😀 Operational procedures in marine surveys include reflection profiling and practical profiling, each providing different insights into seismic wave behavior beneath the surface.

Q & A

What is the primary goal of seismic measurement in oil and gas exploration?

The primary goal of seismic measurement is to obtain high-quality recordings that allow for the identification and analysis of subsurface structures and materials, with a focus on the quality of the seismic signal compared to noise.

How is the quality of seismic recordings evaluated?

The quality of seismic recordings is evaluated by comparing the reflected seismic signals with background noise, commonly referred to as the signal-to-noise ratio.

What are the two types of seismic exploration mentioned in the script?

The two types of seismic exploration are shallow exploration, typically for coal and other minerals, and deep exploration, primarily for oil and gas reserves.

What are the three main stages of seismic reflection methodology?

The three main stages of seismic reflection methodology are data acquisition (collecting seismic data), data processing (generating seismic profiles), and data interpretation (analyzing the data to understand geological structures).

What are the two types of seismic energy sources mentioned?

The two types of seismic energy sources are impulsive and actor types, which are used to generate seismic waves for subsurface investigation.

What type of instruments are used in marine seismic surveys?

In marine seismic surveys, hydrophones are used to detect pressure changes caused by seismic waves.

What is the difference between reflection profiles and practical profiles in seismic surveys?

Reflection profiles provide information about seismic waves that pass through various layers beneath the Earth's surface, while practical profiles focus on horizontal seismic waves that move through subsurface layers.

What are the three key conditions for oil and gas accumulation, as explained in the script?

The three key conditions for oil and gas accumulation are the presence of a source rock (where oil and gas are generated), a reservoir rock (a permeable layer that holds the oil and gas), and a cap rock (an impermeable layer that traps the oil and gas in place).

Why is data interpretation a critical part of seismic exploration for oil and gas?

Data interpretation is critical because it allows geologists to determine where oil and gas are likely to accumulate beneath the Earth's surface, which is essential for successful exploration and extraction.

How does seismic reflection technology assist in understanding the geological layers beneath the Earth's surface?

Seismic reflection technology helps by sending seismic waves into the Earth and analyzing the reflected waves to create a profile of the geological layers beneath, providing valuable information about the structure and composition of the subsurface.