Important Literary & Cultural Terms and their Proponents - Part 4 | UGC NET ENGLISHLITERATURE | CUET

Summary

This video script explores a wide range of important literary, cultural, and philosophical terms along with their key proponents. From iconic concepts like nihilism, new woman, and new speak to figures such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Roland Barthes, and Sigmund Freud, it covers numerous intellectual movements and ideas. The script also delves into specialized terms like eco-feminism, epistemological rupture, and superstructuralism, touching on topics from literature and philosophy to politics and sociology. This collection of terms offers a fascinating journey through critical ideas that have shaped modern thought across disciplines.

Takeaways

• 😀 Nihilism is a philosophical concept explored by Ivan Turgenev, which questions the meaning of life and rejects traditional values.
• 😀 The 'New Woman' concept, introduced by Maria Louise, advocates for women's empowerment and independence, challenging societal norms.
• 😀 'Newspeak,' a term coined by George Orwell, refers to a controlled language designed to limit freedom of thought and expression.
• 😀 The term 'new negrobilene' represents the shifting representation of Black identity, as articulated by prominent theorists.
• 😀 The 'Speed Circuit,' a concept by Ferdinand de Saussure, focuses on the relationship between language and communication in fast-paced societies.
• 😀 Pragmatism, developed by Charles Sanders Peirce and William James, emphasizes practical approaches to truth and meaning over abstract theory.
• 😀 'Late Motif,' as described by Hans Von Volzogan, is a recurring theme or idea that appears throughout a literary work, often shaping its narrative.
• 😀 'Parole,' introduced by Ferdinand de Saussure, refers to the actual spoken language in contrast to the abstract system of language (langue).
• 😀 'Metaphysical' poetry, often linked to William Drummond, explores deep philosophical questions through complex imagery and metaphors.
• 😀 'Speculative fiction' as coined by Robert A. Heinlein, includes genres such as science fiction, exploring alternative realities and hypothetical futures.

Q & A

What is nihilism and who is associated with it?

Nihilism is a philosophical belief that life lacks inherent meaning or value. It is commonly associated with Ivan Turgenev, a Russian novelist and playwright.

What does the term 'New Woman' refer to, and who coined it?

'New Woman' refers to a feminist ideal of women who are independent, educated, and socially active. The term is credited to Maria Luis Rome.

What is 'Newspeak' and who introduced it?

'Newspeak' is a controlled language created by George Orwell in his novel '1984'. It is designed to limit free thought and expression.

What does 'abovo' mean, and who is its proponent?

'Abovo' means 'from the beginning', a concept discussed by Horus, focusing on the origins of things or events.

What is 'pragmatism' and which philosophers are associated with it?

Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that emphasizes practical consequences as the basis for truth and meaning. It is primarily associated with Charles Sanders Peirce and William James.

What is 'posthumanism' and who is a prominent advocate?

Posthumanism is a philosophical perspective that questions the centrality of human beings and explores the relationship between humans and technology. Ihab Hassan is a key proponent.

What is the 'Will to Power', and who proposed this concept?

The 'Will to Power' is a philosophical concept introduced by Friedrich Nietzsche, describing the fundamental driving force in human beings to assert and enhance their power and influence.

What is 'speculative fiction' and who is known for contributing to it?

Speculative fiction is a genre of fiction that explores hypothetical, futuristic, or imaginative scenarios. Robert A. Heinlein is a significant contributor to this genre.

What does 'synesthesia' refer to, and who introduced it?

Synesthesia is a condition where stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory pathway. Jules Millet is known for discussing this concept.

What is the 'metaphysical' genre, and who is a key figure in its development?

The 'metaphysical' genre in literature explores philosophical questions about existence, reality, and the nature of the universe. William Drummond is one of its main contributors.