All Abdomen & Pelvis Organs in Just 20 Minutes | For Anatomy Viva

Summary

This detailed anatomical guide covers the identification and relations of various abdominal and pelvic organs. The liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder, male and female reproductive systems, and associated structures are explained with a focus on their anatomical positions, features, and relations with other organs. The script provides clear instructions on how to handle each organ in anatomical position, along with helpful side determination points and identification tips. Key topics include the peritoneal relations, blood supply, and ligaments, offering essential insights for students studying human anatomy.

Takeaways

• 😀 The liver is the largest organ in the abdomen, with anatomical features including the right and left lobes, falciform ligament, and triangular ligaments.
• 😀 The caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver are located on the visceral surface, with relationships to the esophagus, stomach, and gallbladder.
• 😀 The stomach's anatomical position involves recognizing its cardiac and pyloric ends, curvatures, and parts such as the fundus and pyloric part.
• 😀 Key peritoneal relations of the stomach include the lesser omentum, greater omentum, and ligaments connecting the stomach to the diaphragm and spleen.
• 😀 The pancreas is associated with the duodenum, where features like the major duodenal papilla and Plicae circulares are visible.
• 😀 Small intestine (jejunum and ileum) can be differentiated from large intestine by the presence of mesentery, while distinguishing jejunum from ileum involves characteristics like thick walls and wide lumen.
• 😀 The large intestine is identifiable by its cardinal features: taenia coli, appendices epiploicae, and sacculations.
• 😀 The spleen has specific anatomical features like the splenic notch and relationships with organs such as the stomach, left kidney, and colon.
• 😀 The kidney's identification includes determining its side (right or left) using landmarks such as the renal pelvis and examining its relationships with nearby organs like the liver, duodenum, and colon.
• 😀 The urinary bladder can be identified by its anatomical position, trigone, and associated structures like the prostate in males. In females, it is associated with the uterus and ovaries.

Q & A

What is the largest organ in the abdomen?

The liver is the largest organ in the abdomen.

How is the liver held in anatomical position?

The liver is held in anatomical position by placing a forcep inside the inferior vena cava and holding it straight with the right hand.

What is the falciform ligament and where is it located?

The falciform ligament is a structure that separates the right and left lobes of the liver. It is located between the two lobes and continues as the left triangular ligament on the left side and the superior layer of the coronary ligament on the right.

What is the significance of the ligamentum teres hepatis?

The ligamentum teres hepatis is a thickening of the lower margin of the falciform ligament and is a remnant of the left umbilical vein.

What distinguishes the visceral surface of the liver?

The visceral surface of the liver is related to various organs, including the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, gallbladder, and right kidney.

How do you differentiate between jejunum and ileum?

The jejunum has thicker walls and a wider lumen compared to the ileum. The mesentery in the jejunum has fewer arcades and longer vasa recti, whereas the ileum has more arcades and shorter vasa recti.

What are the cardinal features of the large intestine?

The cardinal features of the large intestine are taenia coli, appendices epiploicae, and sacculations (haustrations).

How do you identify the right kidney from the left kidney?

To identify the right kidney, check the hilum's structures in the anterior to posterior direction. The posterior-most structure is the renal pelvis, which continues as the ureter. The right kidney is also related to the 12th rib, while the left kidney is related to both the 11th and 12th ribs.

What are the key relations of the spleen?

The spleen is related to the stomach, left kidney, splenic flexure of the colon, and tail of the pancreas. Its ligaments include the gastrosplenic ligament, lienorenal ligament, and phrenico-colic ligament.

How do you distinguish between a male and female urinary bladder?

In a male urinary bladder specimen, the prostate, seminal vesicles, and ductus deferens are present. In a female urinary bladder specimen, these structures are absent and are often accompanied by the uterus.