Hakikat, Fungsi, Kedudukan, dan Ragam Bahasa Indonesia - Bahasa Indonesia

Summary

This video lecture, presented by Guonian Ars, a lecturer of Indonesian Language at Teknokrat University, delves into the nature, function, and evolution of the Indonesian language. It explores its roots in Malay, the development of spelling systems, and its establishment as a national language in 1928. The lecture covers language varieties, including oral and written forms, and the influence of context on language usage. Additionally, it highlights the importance of speaking ‘good and correct’ Indonesian, emphasizing the rules of spelling and appropriate context. The video aims to deepen understanding of Indonesian's role in culture and communication.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesian language has roots in the Malay language, specifically from Riau in the 19th century.
• 😀 The Indonesian language began as a lingua franca, uniting people from different ethnicities and regions in Indonesia.
• 😀 The Youth Pledge of 1928 marked the formal recognition of Indonesian as the national language.
• 😀 The spelling of Indonesian has evolved over time, from the 'Fusion Spelling' in 1901 to the modern 'Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia' (EBI) introduced in 2015.
• 😀 The Indonesian language has two main positions: as a national language symbolizing pride and identity, and as the state language for official use.
• 😀 Indonesian functions as an official language in state matters, education, transportation, and cultural research.
• 😀 The language has varieties influenced by media (oral vs written) and situations (formal, semi-formal, informal).
• 😀 Oral language allows for more flexible grammar and relies on context, while written language demands complete grammar and clarity.
• 😀 Spoken language is immediate and relies on volume, pauses, and rhythm to convey meaning, unlike written language which is fixed and depends on spelling rules.
• 😀 The concept of 'good and correct' language depends on both the situational context (formal vs informal) and adherence to grammatical rules, as defined by current spelling norms (EBI).
• 😀 The use of standard vocabulary in formal settings and everyday vocabulary in informal settings is a key part of speaking 'good and correct' Indonesian.

Q & A

What is the origin of the Indonesian language?

The Indonesian language originates from the Malay language, specifically the Riau Malay spoken in the 19th century. Although it was not called 'Indonesian' at the time, Malay was already used as a lingua franca in various regions of Indonesia.

What does it mean when language is described as 'arbitrary and conventional'?

When language is described as arbitrary, it means there is no logical or direct relationship between a word and the object it represents. The term 'conventional' refers to the mutual agreement among users of the language to associate specific sounds with specific meanings, such as calling a plant with a trunk and leaves a 'tree'.

What is the function of a lingua franca, and how did it apply to the Malay language?

A lingua franca is a language used to unite people from different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. In Indonesia, Malay served as a lingua franca, facilitating communication between people from various regions, such as Aceh and Kalimantan, especially for trade and other interactions.

How has the spelling of Indonesian evolved over time?

The spelling of Indonesian has evolved through several stages, starting from the 'F of fusion' spelling in 1901, followed by the 'Republic' or 'Suandi' spelling in 1947, and the 'Eja' system in 1959. The most recent system, the 'Improved Indonesian Spelling' (EYD), was introduced in 1972, and later replaced in 2015 by the 'Indonesian Spelling' (EBI) system.

What is the role of Indonesian as a national and state language?

Indonesian serves as both a national language and a state language. As a national language, it symbolizes national pride, unity, and identity, while also facilitating communication across different cultures and regions. As a state language, it is used in official contexts such as government, education, transportation, and research.

What are the key characteristics of the 'oral variety' and 'written variety' of Indonesian?

The oral variety of Indonesian requires a speech partner and allows for incomplete grammatical structures, while the written variety must be complete and adheres to spelling rules for clarity. Oral communication is bound by time and space, while written communication can be consumed at any time.

What are the differences between formal, semi-formal, and non-formal varieties of language?

The formality of a language variety depends on the situation. Formal varieties use standard vocabulary and are appropriate for official contexts, while non-formal varieties use conversational language suited for informal settings. Semi-formal varieties strike a balance between the two, often used in less formal but still structured contexts.

What does it mean for Indonesian to be spoken 'well and correctly'?

Speaking Indonesian well means using the language appropriately according to the situation or context. Speaking it correctly means following the applicable rules of grammar, spelling, and structure, as outlined in the Indonesian spelling system (EBI).

What was the significance of the Youth Pledge of 1928 in relation to the Indonesian language?

The Youth Pledge of 1928 officially established the Riau Malay language as the basis for Indonesian. It marked the commitment to unifying the diverse ethnic and linguistic groups of Indonesia under one language, which later became known as Indonesian.

How do pauses, rhythm, and volume affect spoken language compared to written language?

In spoken language, pauses, rhythm, and volume significantly affect meaning and expression. For instance, tone and pauses can indicate whether a statement is a question or a command. In written language, these elements are absent, so clarity is achieved through spelling rules and punctuation.