ทหารรับจ้าง ‘Swiss Guard’ บทสำคัญจากบันทึกของ Machiavelli (Part 2/2) | 8 Minute History EP.194

Summary

This podcast explores the history of Swiss mercenaries, focusing on their crucial role during the Renaissance and beyond. It delves into the political theories of Niccolò Machiavelli, specifically his views on military power and mercenaries. The narrative highlights the use of Swiss soldiers by various powers, including the Vatican and France, and their unmatched skills in battle. The discussion also touches on the evolution of Switzerland, its neutral stance, and the impact of Swiss mercenaries in shaping European history, ultimately concluding with their enduring legacy.

Takeaways

• 😀 The podcast explores the history and political theory of Niccolò Machiavelli, with a focus on his book 'The Prince' and its historical context.
• 😀 It discusses the importance of Swiss mercenaries in European warfare, particularly their role as elite bodyguards for powerful figures like the Pope.
• 😀 The Swiss mercenaries were renowned for their fighting skills, loyalty, and professional conduct, becoming integral in protecting the Vatican and other important political entities.
• 😀 The concept of mercenaries, especially those hired by city-states in Italy during the Renaissance, was crucial for warfare during times when local armies were insufficient.
• 😀 Mercenaries were often motivated by financial gain, but their lack of loyalty to any cause or employer was a notable disadvantage, as they could switch sides for higher pay.
• 😀 During the Crusades and the aftermath of the Black Plague, the need for mercenaries grew as Europe faced population loss and changing military technology.
• 😀 The Swiss Confederation’s military success, especially against the Habsburgs and in the Kingdom of Burgundy, helped establish their reputation as fierce and skilled soldiers.
• 😀 The use of mercenaries by the Vatican was a key factor in strengthening the power of Pope Julius II, who recognized their importance for maintaining security and balance of power.
• 😀 Swiss mercenaries were often hired by both city-states and monarchies across Europe, including the French royal court, where they played a vital role in guarding the monarchy.
• 😀 Despite their initial role as mercenaries, the Swiss Guard continues to serve as the Pope's personal security detail today, representing one of the world’s oldest military forces still in operation.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the podcast episode discussed in the transcript?

The podcast episode primarily focuses on the history and role of mercenaries, particularly Swiss mercenaries, and their importance in political and military history. It also explores the theory of political power proposed by Niccolò Machiavelli in 'The Prince'.

Why were mercenaries hired by city-states during the period after the Crusades?

Mercenaries were hired by city-states due to a shortage of manpower caused by the aftermath of the Crusades and the deadly plague that wiped out a significant portion of the population. With fewer people available to fight, city-states turned to mercenaries to bolster their armies.

What were the advantages and disadvantages of using mercenaries?

The advantages of mercenaries included their professional fighting skills and lack of allegiance to any side, making them flexible in battle. The main disadvantage was their lack of loyalty, as they could easily switch sides if offered more money, making them unreliable in terms of long-term commitment.

How did the wages of mercenaries change over time?

Mercenaries' wages increased significantly over time. For example, in 1400, their wages were 1,900 florins per month, which was a substantial amount compared to the wages of commoners. By 1448, their wages had tripled to 6,600 florins per month due to the growing demand for their services.

Who was P. Hanston and what role did he play in recruiting Swiss mercenaries?

P. Hanston was a Swiss man tasked with recruiting Swiss mercenaries for Pope Julius II. He played a critical role in forming the Vatican's first company of Swiss mercenaries in 1506, who were entrusted with protecting the Pope.

What is the significance of the Swiss mercenaries in the context of the Vatican?

Swiss mercenaries were known for their loyalty, fighting skills, and professionalism. They became the Pope's trusted guards and continue to serve in the Vatican today as the Swiss Guard, a tradition that dates back over 500 years.

Why did the Swiss mercenaries use spears and axes, and how did their weaponry evolve?

Swiss mercenaries initially used long spears, which were ideal for protecting their homeland. However, when they were tasked with close combat duties, they switched to shorter spears and axes, more suited for bodyguard work. These weapons, along with gold-handled swords, are still carried by the Swiss Guard today.

How did Switzerland's geographical and political situation influence the development of its mercenary tradition?

Switzerland's mountainous terrain and lack of natural resources led its inhabitants to rely on farming and military service as key sources of income. Over time, Swiss villagers turned to mercenary work, which became a significant part of their economy and military history.

What was the role of Swiss mercenaries during the 1527 sack of Rome?

During the 1527 sack of Rome, Swiss mercenaries played a heroic role in defending Pope Clement VII. Despite being vastly outnumbered, 42 Swiss soldiers died protecting the Pope, while another 147 soldiers sacrificed their lives to delay the pursuing forces. This event solidified their reputation for loyalty and bravery.

What is the legacy of Swiss mercenaries in modern times?

Swiss mercenaries' legacy persists in the Swiss Guard, which remains one of the oldest standing military units in the world. They continue to protect the Vatican and are considered symbols of professionalism, loyalty, and historical continuity in military service.