Lymph nodes Examination

Summary

This video provides a detailed guide on how to palpate various lymph nodes, their drainage areas, and associated clinical implications. It covers the locations and functions of lymph nodes such as occipital, retroauricular, preauricular, submandibular, and others. The script also discusses how to assess lymph node changes in terms of size, consistency, tenderness, and mobility. The case of cervical lymphadenitis is highlighted, where an enlarged lymph node has formed an abscess, demonstrating the clinical importance of proper lymph node examination in detecting infections and abnormalities.

Takeaways

• 😀 Occipital lymph nodes can be palpated from the front and are typically enlarged in cases of German measles.
• 😀 Retroauricular lymph nodes receive lymph from the oracle and adjacent scalp.
• 😀 Preauricular lymph nodes drain lymph from the parotid gland, cheek, and scalp up to the parietal region.
• 😀 Angular lymph nodes react to tonsil infections, while submandibular lymph nodes drain lymph from the face and tongue.
• 😀 Submental lymph nodes drain lymph from the lower lip and chin.
• 😀 Cervical lymph nodes are located behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle and react to adenoid infections.
• 😀 Cervical lymph nodes serve as collectors, receiving lymph from the head and throat through various lymph node regions.
• 😀 Supra- and infraclavicular lymph nodes also receive lymph from the arms.
• 😀 Axillary lymph nodes drain lymph from the arm, chest, and chest wall, and are palpated with the arm slightly abducted.
• 😀 Cubital lymph nodes are an intermediate station for lymph drainage and are best palpated when the lower arm is loosely flexed.
• 😀 Inguinal lymph nodes can be palpated in children up to puberty; any pathological changes should be noted, including size, consistency, and tenderness.

Q & A

What is the role of the occipital lymph nodes?

The occipital lymph nodes are typically palpated from the front and tend to enlarge during German measles (rubella).

Where do the retroauricular lymph nodes receive lymph from?

The retroauricular lymph nodes receive lymph from the oracle (external ear) and the adjacent scalp.

What areas do preauricular lymph nodes drain?

Preauricular lymph nodes drain lymph from the parotid gland, the cheek, and the scalp up to the temporal region.

How do the angular lymph nodes react to infection?

The angular lymph nodes react when the tonsils are infected.

What areas do submandibular lymph nodes drain?

Submandibular lymph nodes receive lymph from the face and tongue.

What is the role of submental lymph nodes?

Submental lymph nodes drain lymph from the lower lip and chin.

Where are the cervical lymph nodes located?

Cervical lymph nodes are located behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck.

What do cervical lymph nodes react to?

Cervical lymph nodes react when the adenoids are affected, as they are collector lymph nodes receiving lymph from the head and throat.

What areas do the supra- and infraclavicular lymph nodes drain?

The supra- and infraclavicular lymph nodes receive lymph from the arm, chest, and chest wall.

How should the axillary lymph nodes be palpated in a child?

When palpating the axillary lymph nodes in a child, the child's arm should be slightly abducted and kept loose.

What is the role of cubital lymph nodes?

Cubital lymph nodes near the elbow are an intermediate station for lymph drainage and are best palpated when the lower arm is loosely flexed.

When can inguinal lymph nodes be physiologically palpated in children?

Inguinal lymph nodes can be physiologically palpated in children up until puberty.

How are pathological changes in lymph nodes described?

Pathological changes in lymph nodes are described by their size, consistency, movability, surface characteristics, and any tenderness present.

What condition does the child in the script suffer from?

The child in the script suffers from cervical lymphadenitis, and on palpation, an enlarged lymph node mass with signs of an abscess is detected.