Cara Kerja Torque Converter

Summary

This video explains the working mechanism of a torque converter, a crucial component in automatic transmissions. The process begins with the impeller, which uses centrifugal force to move fluid and transfer energy to the turbine. The turbine, which moves at a slower speed, allows the fluid to flow in a cycle that powers the vehicle. A stator is introduced to multiply torque, making the vehicle accelerate. The converter operates in three phases: stall, acceleration, and coupling. The video concludes with the use of a lock-up clutch in modern vehicles to eliminate losses during operation.

Takeaways

• 😀 The torque converter is a crucial component of automatic transmissions and is often considered one of the most complex parts of modern vehicles.
• 😀 The impeller, filled with fluid, spins and uses centrifugal forces to throw the fluid outward, which drives the turbine.
• 😀 The turbine is essentially a reversed impeller, positioned opposite it, and receives the fluid flow directed by the impeller.
• 😀 Fluid flow between the impeller and turbine leads to energy losses, which cause the turbine blades to rotate more slowly than the impeller blades.
• 😀 The fluid coupling mechanism occurs when no torque is being converted, allowing the fluid to flow between the impeller and turbine without significant torque multiplication.
• 😀 The stator, positioned between the impeller and turbine, plays a vital role by directing the fluid flow to increase torque multiplication.
• 😀 The impeller is directly connected to the engine, receiving mechanical energy from it, which is then transferred to the turbine and transmission.
• 😀 Torque multiplication is essential during acceleration, as it allows the vehicle to gain speed effectively.
• 😀 The torque converter has three stages: stall, acceleration, and coupling, each playing a different role in vehicle movement.
• 😀 In the stall phase, the turbine does not rotate as the engine power is applied only to the impeller, typically when the vehicle is stopped.
• 😀 During acceleration, the impeller spins faster, and the torque converter multiplies torque to assist the vehicle in moving, even with a significant speed difference between the impeller and turbine.
• 😀 The coupling phase occurs when the turbine nearly matches the speed of the impeller, and the torque converter functions as a simple fluid coupling, often aided by a lock-up clutch in modern vehicles to eliminate fluid drive losses.

Q & A

What is the main function of a torque converter in modern vehicles?

The torque converter is a critical component of automatic transmissions, responsible for transmitting power from the engine to the transmission while allowing for smooth vehicle movement, especially during acceleration and deceleration.

What role does the impeller play in a torque converter?

The impeller has curved blades that are filled with fluid. When the impeller spins, it throws the fluid outward due to centrifugal forces, helping to transfer energy to the turbine.

How does the turbine work in a torque converter?

The turbine is positioned opposite the impeller. It rotates due to the fluid flow from the impeller, with its blades converting the energy from the fluid into mechanical power.

Why are the blades of the turbine slower than those of the impeller?

The turbine blades rotate slower than the impeller blades because there is torque conversion and energy losses between the impeller and turbine, resulting in slower movement of the turbine.

What is the role of the stator in a torque converter?

The stator is placed between the impeller and turbine. It redirects the fluid flow at almost a 90-degree angle, which helps in torque multiplication by slowing down the fluid, thus increasing torque for acceleration.

What is a fluid coupling in a torque converter?

A fluid coupling is a device where fluid is used to transfer power between the impeller and the turbine without any torque multiplication. It operates when the engine is running but the vehicle is stationary.

What are the three stages of operation in a torque converter?

The three stages are: 1) Stall, where the turbine does not rotate, and the vehicle remains stationary; 2) Acceleration, where the impeller rotates faster and torque multiplication occurs; 3) Coupling, where the turbine nearly matches the speed of the impeller, and torque multiplication stops.

What happens during the 'stall' phase of a torque converter?

During the stall phase, the engine applies power to the impeller, but the turbine doesn't rotate because the driver is keeping their foot on the brake, preventing the vehicle from moving.

How does a torque converter provide torque multiplication?

In the acceleration phase, the difference in speed between the impeller and the turbine causes the torque converter to multiply the engine's torque, providing additional power for the vehicle to accelerate.

What is the function of a lock-up clutch in a modern torque converter?

The lock-up clutch is used in modern torque converters during the coupling phase. It locks the turbine to the impeller to eliminate losses associated with fluid drive, improving efficiency and performance by directly connecting the engine and transmission.