PATOLOGI KLINIK - PEMERIKSAAN FISIK URIN

Summary

In this clinical pathology lab session at the University of Jember, the video demonstrates three essential urine examinations: physical examination, chemical examination, and the dipstick method. The physical examination includes assessing color, clarity, and smell, while the chemical analysis uses litmus paper and pH meters to determine acidity. The specific gravity is also tested using a urometer. The dipstick method identifies various substances like leukocytes, proteins, glucose, and blood. This comprehensive approach provides insights into urinary health, with easy-to-follow steps and practical demonstrations to aid students in the laboratory.

Takeaways

• 😀 The practicum focuses on three main types of urine analysis: physical examination, chemical examination, and the dipstick method.
• 😀 Physical examination involves observing the urine's color, clarity, smell, and checking for foam or cloudiness.
• 😀 Litmus paper testing helps determine the pH of urine, which can be acidic or neutral depending on the color change.
• 😀 A universal pH meter provides more accurate pH readings, confirming the urine's acidity (around pH 6 in this case).
• 😀 Specific gravity examination of urine is performed using a urometer, which is calibrated with distilled water before use.
• 😀 Temperature measurement is crucial in specific gravity testing, and results are adjusted based on the temperature of the urine sample.
• 😀 The dipstick method is used to test for various components in the urine, including leukocytes, nitrogen, urobilinogen, and glucose.
• 😀 The dipstick test is simple: dip the strip into the urine and compare the color changes with a reference chart.
• 😀 The script emphasizes proper calibration and accurate readings for both physical and chemical examinations of urine.
• 😀 The final results from all three tests give a comprehensive analysis of the urine's physical and chemical properties.

Q & A

What is the first type of examination performed in the urine practicum?

The first type of examination is a physical examination of urine, which includes checking its color, clarity, smell, and other visible characteristics.

What tools are needed for the physical examination of urine?

The tools needed for the physical examination of urine include a cup, measuring cup, urometer, litmus paper, and a universal pH meter.

How is the color of urine evaluated in the physical examination?

The color of urine is evaluated by observing its appearance, whether it is clear yellow, cloudy, foamy, or has any abnormal characteristics.

What does a change in litmus paper color indicate during the pH test?

A change in the litmus paper color indicates the pH of the urine. A blue color turning to red suggests the urine is acidic.

How is the pH of urine further confirmed using a pH meter?

The pH of urine is confirmed by dipping a pH meter strip into the urine, comparing the color change with the indicator scale to determine if the pH is acidic or alkaline.

What does a pH reading of 6 indicate about the urine?

A pH reading of 6 indicates that the urine is slightly acidic, as it falls within the acidic range of the pH scale.

How is the specific gravity of urine measured?

The specific gravity of urine is measured using a urometer, where the urine sample is placed in a measuring cup, and the urometer is calibrated to give a reading.

What is the purpose of calibrating the urometer before testing the urine sample?

Calibrating the urometer ensures accurate readings. The calibration process involves using distilled water to set the meter at a specific value, typically 1.000.

What is the function of the dipstick method in urine analysis?

The dipstick method is used for chemical analysis of urine, such as testing for leukocytes, glucose, protein, blood, and other substances, by dipping a reagent strip into the urine and comparing the results with indicator charts.

What are some substances that can be detected using the dipstick method?

The dipstick method can detect substances like leukocytes, nitrogen, urobilinogen, protein, blood, bilirubin, glucose, and other components in the urine.