Dari Kemunculan, Kejayaan, sampai Keruntuhan.!! 7 Fakta Tentang Komunisme yang Patut Dibincangkan

Summary

This video explores the history and evolution of communism, starting from its ancient roots in Plato's *Republic* and early Christian practices, to its development as a political and economic ideology by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The script discusses the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the rise of communism, the establishment of the Soviet Union, and the spread of communism worldwide. It also highlights the advantages and disadvantages of a centralized economy and the eventual collapse of communism in the late 20th century, with the rise of capitalism and liberal ideologies replacing it.

Takeaways

• 😀 The term 'communism' dates back long before Marx and Engels, originating in Latin and associated with communal living and shared resources.
• 😀 Plato's 'Republic' (4th century BC) discussed the concept of a protective class that serves the entire community and advocates for communal ownership.
• 😀 Early Christians practiced a form of communism by sharing possessions as seen in Acts 4:32-37, focusing on solidarity and letting go of worldly goods.
• 😀 Thomas More's 1516 book 'Utopia' described an imaginary society where money was abolished, and people shared resources like food and housing.
• 😀 The industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries sparked the rise of modern communism due to the exploitation and misery of workers under capitalism.
• 😀 Marx and Engels argued that capitalism was inherently exploitative and that class struggles would lead to the rise of communism, a system based on shared ownership.
• 😀 In the communist system, all means of production (factories, mines, railroads) are owned by the people or government, aiming for economic equality and collective ownership.
• 😀 Communism was successfully implemented in the 20th century, with the Soviet Union becoming the first communist state after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution led by Lenin.
• 😀 Despite communism’s rise, it faced significant challenges, including inefficiencies and political corruption, which eventually led to its decline by the end of the 20th century.
• 😀 The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the beginning of the end for many communist regimes, with the Soviet Union dissolving in 1991 and communist countries in Eastern Europe transitioning away from the system.
• 😀 Today, countries like China, North Korea, and Cuba still adhere to communist principles, but they have incorporated aspects of capitalism into their economies, showcasing a shift in the original model.

Q & A

What is the origin of the term 'communism'?

The term 'communism' comes from the Latin word 'communis', which means 'common' or 'shared'. It refers to a community of people and was first associated with a society in France that existed since the 4th century BC.

How did Plato contribute to the idea of communism?

Plato discussed communism in his work 'The Republic', where he described a protective class of people who served the community's interests. He believed private ownership led to selfishness and that a shared ownership system would better serve society.

How did the first Christians practice communism?

The first Christians practiced a simple form of communism as described in Acts 4:32-37. They shared all their possessions in a spirit of solidarity, focusing on community and renouncing worldly goods.

What role did Thomas More's 'Utopia' play in the development of communist ideas?

In 1516, Thomas More's 'Utopia' expanded on communist ideas by describing an imaginary society where money was abolished, and people shared resources such as food, houses, and other essential goods.

What historical event triggered the development of modern communism?

The European Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early 19th centuries played a pivotal role in the development of modern communism, as it highlighted the exploitation of workers, inspiring thinkers like Marx to advocate for a more equitable system.

What was Karl Marx's view on capitalism and its effects on workers?

Karl Marx argued that capitalism created a system of exploitation where the proletariat (working class) suffered from poverty, disease, and death due to the inherent inequality in the system. He believed that the only solution was the establishment of communism.

What key features define a communist economy?

In a communist economy, the government controls all means of production and distribution, eliminating private ownership. The goal is to achieve economic equality and prioritize collective well-being over individual wealth.

Which countries were considered communist during the 20th century?

The Soviet Union, founded in 1922, was the first communist country. Other notable communist countries included China, North Korea, Laos, Vietnam, and Transnistria, among others, particularly during the 20th century.

What were the advantages of communism, according to the script?

Communism's advantages include a centralized economy that can mobilize resources quickly for large-scale projects, prioritize the common good, and create industrial power by focusing on collective needs rather than individual interests.

What were the major weaknesses of communism highlighted in the script?

The most significant weakness of communism is the elimination of the free market. This lack of market-driven pricing and information can lead to inefficiencies, such as shortages or surpluses, and the creation of black markets.