Alat ini bisa mendeteksi radiasi radioaktif. Bagaimana cara kerjanya?

Summary

In this video, the creator explores the process of detecting radioactive radiation using a Gieger-Muller counter. After initially measuring the radiation from a smoke detector’s Americium-241, the creator delves into how the detector works and its ionization properties, explaining the science behind radioactive radiation. They also clarify common misconceptions about radiation, notably that not all types are ionizing. The video features hands-on demonstrations, including measuring radiation from Americium and cosmic particles, and teases future experiments involving stronger radioactive materials, like uranium, for higher radiation detection.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video starts by discussing the dismantling of a smoke detector to obtain the radioactive material americium 241, followed by measuring its radiation strength with a detector.
• 😀 The radioactive radiation from americium 241 is found to be relatively weak, prompting the search for stronger radioactive materials.
• 😀 The video highlights a community post made on YouTube showing the order of materials purchased, generating anticipation for the upcoming experiments.
• 😀 A nuclear radiation detector, specifically the GC01 model, is introduced, with the video aiming to explain how it works.
• 😀 The GC01 detector's internal components include an electronic circuit board, a battery, and a crucial part called the Giger-Müller (Geiger) counter tube, which detects radioactive radiation.
• 😀 The basic principle of radioactivity involves unstable atomic nuclei emitting particles like alpha, beta, or gamma radiation to stabilize, which can lead to ionization.
• 😀 Ionization, which occurs when an atom loses or gains electrons, can be dangerous if it affects DNA, potentially leading to cancer.
• 😀 The Geiger-Müller counter was invented by Hans Geiger and later perfected with the help of Walther Müller. It works by ionizing gas atoms inside a tube and detecting the resulting current flow.
• 😀 The Giger-Müller tube contains low-pressure gas like argon or neon, and when radioactive particles hit it, they ionize the gas, causing a detectable current jump.
• 😀 Radiation from cell phones, which do not cause ionization, is not detectable by the Geiger counter, unlike radioactive radiation.
• 😀 Even without a phone or external source of radiation, the detector still registers small radioactive activity from cosmic particles from outer space.
• 😀 The video ends with the experiment showing the detection of radiation from americium and a promise to test more dangerous radioactive materials like uranium in future videos.

Q & A

What radioactive material was initially used in the experiment?

The experiment initially used americium-241, which was obtained from a smoke detector.

What was the result of measuring the strength of the radioactive radiation from americium-241?

The radioactive radiation from americium-241 was found to be relatively weak, prompting the search for stronger radioactive materials.

What is the purpose of the GC01 detector discussed in the video?

The GC01 detector is a nuclear radiation detector, and the purpose of the video was to break down how this detector works and its internal components.

How does a Geiger-Müller tube function in detecting radioactive radiation?

The Geiger-Müller tube detects radioactive radiation by ionizing atoms in the gas inside when radiation interacts with it. The resulting ionization causes a current jump, which is detected and recorded.

What is the principle behind the Geiger-Müller counter?

The Geiger-Müller counter works based on the principle of ionization, where radioactive particles ionize gas atoms in the tube, creating an electric current that can be detected.

What is the role of the gas inside the Geiger-Müller tube?

The gas inside the Geiger-Müller tube, usually argon or neon at low pressure, is ionized when radioactive particles pass through it. This ionization is key to detecting radiation.

Why does the Geiger-Müller tube require a high voltage?

A high voltage is applied to the Geiger-Müller tube to create the necessary electric field that allows ionization to occur when radiation particles pass through the gas inside the tube.

What happens after a radioactive particle causes ionization inside the Geiger-Müller tube?

Once ionization occurs, the electrons released are attracted to the electrode in the middle of the tube. This creates a current jump, which is detected and used to indicate the presence of radioactive radiation.

Can radiation from a cell phone be detected by a Geiger-Müller detector?

No, radiation from cell phones cannot be detected by the Geiger-Müller detector because cell phone radiation does not cause ionization, which is necessary for detection by this tool.

What is the source of the small radiation values detected by the Geiger-Müller detector even when there is no radioactive material present?

The small radiation values detected are due to cosmic radiation, which constantly bombards the Earth with invisible particles that can cause ionization at very low levels.