Soal Latihan Persiapan UKOM Mahasiswa TLM Analis D3 D4 (Bagian 17)

Summary

This video offers a comprehensive review for medical laboratory technology students preparing for the Mukom examination. It covers various areas of competence, including hematology, clinical chemistry, serology, bacteriology, parasitology, cytohistotechnology, and toxicology. The presenter explains key lab procedures, testing methods, and reagents used in diagnostic practices such as blood tests, urine analysis, and bacterial culture. Additionally, detailed explanations are provided for abnormal protein detection, gram staining, and the identification of parasites. Aimed at students, the video is a valuable resource for mastering practical and theoretical aspects of medical laboratory techniques.

Takeaways

• 😀 Hematology tests include parameters like HGB, leukocyte count, TLC, and NLR, using different colored cap tubes like lavender, blue, and black for specific tests.
• 😀 The gray cap tube is not used for hematology tests as it's for glucose examination, containing NaF to prevent glycolysis.
• 😀 The Ben-Johnson Osgut method for protein testing shows that certain proteins dissolve when heated and reappear when cooled, indicating the presence of abnormal proteins like in multiple myeloma.
• 😀 Widal sled examination requires salmonella typhi and paratyphi O and H antigens, a serum specimen, and a glass micropipette for mixing.
• 😀 Gram staining differentiates gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using crystal violet, Lugol, alcohol, and safranin, where safranin acts as a contrast dye.
• 😀 Safranin in gram staining is a counterstain used to color gram-negative bacteria red, making them distinguishable from purple-stained gram-positive bacteria.
• 😀 Trichomonas vaginalis is identified in vaginal discharge with characteristics like a wavy membrane, anterior flagella, and oval shape, causing symptoms like foamy discharge.
• 😀 In cytohistotechnology, poor staining results can be due to improper reagents like xylol, which is essential for clearing tissue before staining.
• 😀 Cyanide (CN) poisoning can be detected by using picric acid dip paper, which turns brick red in alkaline conditions when exposed to cyanide vapor, indicating the presence of cyanide.
• 😀 The proper reagents and techniques for various laboratory tests like hematology, clinical chemistry, serology, and bacteriology are crucial for accurate results in medical laboratories.

Q & A

What are the seven elements of competence for medical laboratory technology students?

The seven elements of competence are hematology, clinical chemistry, hematology immunology, serology, bacteriology, parasitology, cytohistotechnology, and toxicology.

Which blood collection tube should not be used for hematology examinations and why?

The grey color cap tube should not be used because it is specifically for blood glucose examination, as it contains sodium fluoride to prevent glycolysis.

What is the OSG method for testing Bence-Jones protein in urine, and how does it work?

The OSG method is a modification of the acetic acid or sulfosalicylic acid method. The urine is heated, and the turbidity caused by Bence-Jones protein disappears when heated and reappears when cooled. The test involves alternating between heating and cooling the sample.

What are the materials required for a Widal sled examination?

The required materials for a Widal sled examination include salmonella typhi and paratyphi antigen serum, O and H groups A to D, and a glass micropipette.

What is the purpose of safranin in Gram staining?

Safranin is used as a counterstain in Gram staining to color gram-negative bacteria red, contrasting with the purple color retained by gram-positive bacteria.

In the Gram staining process, what differentiates gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria?

Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye after decolorization with alcohol, while gram-negative bacteria lose the crystal violet dye and take up the safranin counterstain, turning red.

What parasite is responsible for causing vaginal discharge with four anterior flagella and wavy membrane?

The parasite causing such symptoms is Trichomonas vaginalis, which is found in vaginal secretions and causes symptoms like foamy and odorous vaginal discharge.

What reagent is replaced in the hematoxylin eosin staining process if the staining results are poor?

Xylol is the reagent that is typically replaced if the hematoxylin eosin staining results are poor. It is used to clear the tissue and make it easier to stain.

How is cyanide detected in gastric fluid or vomit samples?

Cyanide is detected using picric acid dip paper reagent in alkaline conditions. The reaction produces a brick red color, indicating the presence of cyanide.

Which blood collection tubes are used for hematology examinations and why?

Lavender or purple cap tubes are commonly used for hematology examinations as they contain EDTA as an anticoagulant, which prevents blood clotting and allows for accurate cell counts and other tests.