REVOLTAS REGENCIAIS: quais são e principais acontecimentos | RESUMO DE HISTÓRIA PARA O ENEM

Summary

In this class, Felipe, a history teacher, discusses the major revolts during Brazil's Regency period. He covers the Ragamuffin War, Cabanagem, Balaiada, Sabinada, and the Malê Revolt, highlighting the causes, key leaders, and significant events of each. These uprisings stemmed from issues like high taxes, political centralism, and social inequalities, and were mainly driven by the popular classes, though elites were also involved in some. Felipe explains the military confrontations, treaties, and repercussions of these revolts, emphasizing their impact on Brazil's political landscape during the 19th century.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Ragamuffin War (Farroupilha Revolution) began in Rio Grande do Sul and briefly extended to Santa Catarina. It was led by the Gaucho Elite, mainly large farmers and cattle breeders, and focused on issues like high taxes on beef jerky.
• 😀 The Farroupilha Revolution saw the creation of the Republic of Piratini in 1836 and the short-lived Julian Republic in Laguna, led by Giuseppe Garibaldi. Despite imperial efforts, the rebellion continued for several years.
• 😀 The Porongos Massacre, a significant event during the Farroupilha Revolution, involved the betrayal and massacre of black lancers from the Gaucho army by imperial troops.
• 😀 Peace negotiations for the Farroupilha Revolution began in 1844, leading to the Treaty of Poncho Verde, which amnestied the rebels and reduced taxes on jerky.
• 😀 The Cabanagem revolt occurred between 1835 and 1840 in Grão-Pará (now Pará), uniting lower classes, mestizos, indigenous tribes, and some elite landowners against high taxes and centralization.
• 😀 The Cabanos revolt became highly popular after the rise of Eduardo Angelim, but was severely suppressed by imperial forces, resulting in mass deaths (30,000 Cabanos killed).
• 😀 The Balaiada revolt took place in Maranhão and Piauí, with popular support from cowboys, artisans, and Quilombo members. It was fueled by high taxes, political centralism, and the oppressive mayoral laws.
• 😀 Despite some victories, including the capture of Caxias, the Balaiada failed to capture São Luís and was eventually crushed, with many leaders, including Cosme Bento, executed.
• 😀 The Sabinada in Bahia (1837-1838) was led by middle-class and urban elites, seeking a more decentralized government, the abolition of high taxes, and an end to military recruitment for political persecution.
• 😀 The Malê Revolt of 1835 was a slave uprising in Salvador, driven by Muslim slaves from the Yoruba Nagô nation who were inspired by the Haitian Revolution and opposed slavery and religious oppression.
• 😀 The Malê Revolt was thwarted by internal betrayal, leading to severe repression, including executions, flogging, and deportation of slaves, especially the leaders and those who survived the conflict.

Q & A

What was the primary cause of the Ragamuffin War (Farroupilha Revolution)?

The primary cause was high taxes on Gaucho jerky, which made it difficult for Rio Grande do Sul's cattle breeders to compete with imported jerky from Uruguay and Argentina.

Who were the main leaders of the Ragamuffin War?

The main leaders were Bento Gonçalves, Antônio de Souza Lopes, and Davi Canabarro.

What happened during the Julian Republic in Santa Catarina?

The Julian Republic was a brief, three-month movement led by Italian Republican Giuseppe Garibaldi, but it collapsed, and the movement retreated to Rio Grande do Sul.

What is the significance of the Porongos Massacre in the Ragamuffin War?

The Porongos Massacre involved the imperial troops ambushing and massacring the black lancers, a group of elite slave soldiers in the Farroupilha army, which further intensified the conflict.

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Poncho Verde?

The Treaty of Poncho Verde, signed in 1845, granted amnesty to the rebels, incorporated their officers into the Brazilian army, and reduced taxes on jerky.

What was the Cabanagem revolt, and who were the key participants?

The Cabanagem revolt, which occurred between 1835 and 1840 in the province of Grão-Pará (modern-day Pará), was a movement involving the popular classes, including mestizos, indigenous people, and some elite landowners. It was primarily motivated by high taxes and economic struggles.

What led to the Cabanagem revolt becoming more popular?

The revolt became more popular when the farmers initially in charge were overthrown, and the Cabanos, led by Eduardo Angelim, took control, shifting the movement's focus to the working classes.

How did the imperial forces suppress the Cabanagem revolt?

The imperial forces, supported by local farmers, launched a violent repression, resulting in the deaths of approximately 30,000 Cabanos and the massacre of many people from the provincial population.

What triggered the Balaiada revolt in Maranhão?

The Balaiada revolt, which occurred in Maranhão and part of Piauí, was triggered by high taxes, political centralism, and local dissatisfaction with the authority of conservative leaders. It was supported by cowboys, artisans, and quilombo residents.

What role did the military recruitment law play in the Balaiada revolt?

The military recruitment law, particularly in Maranhão, allowed the authorities to use the military to arrest and recruit opponents, which fueled resentment among the liberals and working classes who were being targeted.