Midi for EVERYONE

Summary

This video takes viewers on a fast-paced, comprehensive journey through the MIDI standard, from its origins in the 1980s to its modern-day applications. It covers everything from basic MIDI functions like note on/off and velocity to more complex features like pitch bend, aftertouch, and control changes. The video explores the evolution of MIDI, including MIDI 2.0 and modern alternatives, while highlighting the challenges of using outdated technology. With a mix of beginner and advanced information, the video is an insightful look into how MIDI shaped music production and continues to evolve.

Takeaways

• 😀 MIDI is not audio, it's more like a real-time version of sheet music, managing note on/off, pitch, and velocity.
• 😀 MIDI allows up to 16 independent channels for controlling different instruments, making it ideal for multi-instrument setups.
• 😀 Early MIDI equipment, like the SEI Profit 600 and Roland Jupiter-6, still laid the foundation for modern MIDI communication.
• 😀 MIDI cables are essentially one-way, using five-pin connectors, but only three pins are active, which can introduce limitations.
• 😀 Despite its age, the MIDI standard remains the same today, and it's still in use for controlling modern music gear.
• 😀 MIDI offers a wide range of controllers and expression methods, such as pitch bend, aftertouch, and modulation via MIDI CCs.
• 😀 RPNs (Registered Parameter Numbers) and NRPNs (Non-Registered Parameter Numbers) expand the range of MIDI control beyond the usual 128 CCs.
• 😀 MIDI 2.0, introduced in 2020, promises advanced features, but its widespread adoption has been slow in the industry.
• 😀 MIDI sync, while essential for synchronization, has some technical flaws that can cause issues, especially with older gear.
• 😀 System Exclusive (SysEx) allows manufacturers to extend MIDI's capabilities for things like patch transfers and instrument control.
• 😀 While General MIDI (GM) is somewhat outdated, it still holds nostalgic value for certain compositions and old-school setups.

Q & A

What was the state of communication between electronic musical instruments before MIDI was introduced?

Before MIDI, there was no universal standard for communicating with electronic musical instruments, and various proprietary formats or analog control voltages were used. This created a lack of interoperability between different devices.

Who were the key figures behind the creation of MIDI?

The key figures behind the creation of MIDI were Roland's Ikutaro Kakahashi, Dave Smith, Tom Oberheim, and Bob Moog. These individuals worked together in the early 1980s to create a universal communication standard.

How does MIDI differ from audio, and what is its purpose?

MIDI is not audio; rather, it is a digital representation of musical performance, like a real-time version of sheet music. It carries information about the notes, pitch, velocity, and other performance details, but it does not carry sound itself.

What are the main limitations of the original MIDI cable design?

The original MIDI cables use five-pin connectors, but only three pins are actively used. They are limited in cable length, and the data transfer rate is relatively low. Additionally, MIDI cables are one-way only, and ground loops are prevented through opto-couplers.

What are MIDI host ports, and why are they useful?

MIDI host ports are useful because they allow direct connection and powering of USB MIDI controllers, facilitating easier communication between a synth or sequencer and MIDI controllers without requiring a computer.

What is 'multi-timbrality' in MIDI?

Multi-timbrality refers to the ability of an instrument or system to produce multiple different sounds or tones at the same time. This can involve assigning different MIDI channels to control different sounds within a single device.

What is the difference between monophonic and polyphonic aftertouch in MIDI?

Monophonic aftertouch affects the entire channel or sound, whereas polyphonic aftertouch allows control over each note individually, offering a more expressive and nuanced performance.

What are MIDI CC messages, and what role do they play in MIDI communication?

MIDI CC (Control Change) messages are used to control various parameters in MIDI instruments or devices, such as modulation, volume, or effects. These messages are crucial for adding expression and dynamic control during performance.

What are RPNs and NRPNs, and how do they expand MIDI's capabilities?

RPNs (Registered Parameter Numbers) and NRPNs (Non-Registered Parameter Numbers) are extensions to the MIDI standard that allow users to control more specific parameters, especially those not covered by the 128 standard CCs. RPNs are defined by the MIDI standard, while NRPNs vary by manufacturer.

What role do System Exclusive (SysEx) messages play in MIDI communication?

SysEx messages allow manufacturers to extend MIDI for unique uses that don't compromise the standard. These messages can carry custom data like patch transfers, backups, and machine control, making them essential for certain tasks and vintage synth management.