Pelaporan Segmen - AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN LANJUTAN

Summary

In this educational video, Muhammad Hafid from Universitas Negeri Semarang explains segment reporting in financial accounting. He highlights the importance of segment information for large diversified companies, which helps users assess the risks, returns, and potential growth of individual segments. The video covers the definitions of operating and geographical segments, criteria for reportable segments, and how segment information is disclosed in financial statements. Hafid also demonstrates how to analyze segment data and its relevance for predicting a company's future performance. The explanation concludes with real-life examples from a company’s financial reports.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses segment reporting in financial accounting, specifically the requirements for companies with diversified operations to report financial information separately for different segments.
• 😀 Segment reporting is crucial for large companies with multiple business divisions or geographic areas, as it helps stakeholders understand the potential risks, profits, and growth opportunities of each segment.
• 😀 Financial users often cannot obtain a clear understanding of individual segments from standard financial statements like income statements or balance sheets, thus segment reporting is necessary.
• 😀 PSAK No. 5, which was revised multiple times, governs segment reporting in Indonesia, starting from its initial release in 1994 until the latest update in 2014.
• 😀 There are two main types of segments: business segments (product or service-based) and geographical segments (location-based), each with distinct risks and opportunities.
• 😀 Business segments are differentiated based on factors such as the type of product, customer group, distribution method, and regulatory environment.
• 😀 Geographical segments are distinguished based on the region or area in which the company operates, with considerations for local economic conditions, politics, and regulations.
• 😀 A segment is reportable if it meets one of the following criteria: 10% or more of total revenue, profit or loss, or assets from the segment, or if total segment revenues exceed 75% of the company’s total revenue.
• 😀 If a company has multiple segments, only the top reportable segments (up to 10) need to be disclosed in the financial statements, to ensure the information remains readable and useful.
• 😀 Segment information should include data such as external customer revenue, inter-segment revenue, segment profit or loss, assets, liabilities, and reconciliation with consolidated financials.
• 😀 The segment information can either be disclosed as a separate report or in the notes to the financial statements, as per PSAK No. 5, which ensures transparency for financial statement users.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video?

The video primarily discusses segment reporting in financial accounting, focusing on how businesses with multiple operations or geographical segments should disclose their financial performance and risks.

Why is segment reporting important for large companies?

Segment reporting is important for large companies because it helps users of financial statements understand the performance, risks, and potential growth opportunities of individual segments, which may differ from each other.

What is the difference between operating segments and geographical segments?

Operating segments refer to distinct business areas within a company that produce different products or services, while geographical segments are divisions based on different economic regions or territories where the company operates.

What is PSAK 5, and how does it relate to segment reporting?

PSAK 5 is an Indonesian accounting standard that governs segment reporting. It provides guidelines on how companies should disclose financial information related to their operating and geographical segments in order to offer more transparent and useful financial data.

What are the criteria for a segment to be reportable under PSAK 5?

A segment is considered reportable if it meets one of the following criteria: its revenue, profit or loss, or assets are 10% or more of the total company figures. Additionally, segments must collectively represent 75% or more of the total revenue.

Can a company report all its segments, even if there are more than 10?

No, a company can report only up to 10 segments, even if there are more than 10 that meet the reporting criteria. This limitation ensures the readability and clarity of the financial information.

What are some examples of operating segments mentioned in the video?

Examples of operating segments mentioned in the video include cosmetics, detergent, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, and clothing.

How does a company decide which segments to report?

A company decides which segments to report based on whether they meet the 10% threshold for revenue, profit/loss, or assets, as well as if the segments collectively make up 75% or more of the company’s total revenue.

What kind of information should be disclosed in segment reports?

Segment reports should disclose information such as revenue from external customers, inter-segment revenue, segment profit or loss, assets, and liabilities. Additionally, it should include any differences in segment definitions or measurements from the last annual report.

Where should segment information be included in the financial statements?

Segment information should either be presented as a separate report or as a note to the consolidated financial statements, as stated in PSAK 5.